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Is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.

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Absorption is a phenomenon involving the bulk properties of a solid, liquid or gas. It involves atoms or molecules crossing the surface and entering the volume of the material. Adsorption is a surface process, the accumulation of a gas or liquid on a liquid or solid. Takes place on the surface of a substrate.

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Desorption is the release of one substance from another, either from the surface or through the surface. Desorption can occur when an equilibrium situation is altered.

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E xtraction is a process for the separation of one or more components through intimate contact with a second immiscible liquid called a solvent.

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Ion exchange is a wáter tratment process commonly used for water softening or demineralization, but it also is used to remove other substances from the water in processes such as dealkalization, deionization, and disinfection.

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Evaporation, the process by which an element or compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils.
Condensation, deposition of a liquid or a solid from its vapour, generally upon a surface that is cooler than the adjacent gas.

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Is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.

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The process whereby moisture is vaporized from a material and is swept away from the surface, sometimes under vacuum, but normally by means of carrier gas which passes through or over the material

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Lyophilization, also known as freeze-drying, is a process used for preserving biological material by removing the water from the sample, which involves first freezing the sample and then drying it, under a vacuum, at very low temperatures.
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