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Technology can be utilized when using flash cards, reviewing, and having students create their own study guide.

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- Using the analogies used in class to compose a written response
- Have students compare and contrast
- Allow students to decide which analogy assisted them in making the connection to the information.

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- Scaffolding
- Choosing the text
- Providing practice
- Using student interest

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Benefits:
- Creativity
- Amenable to both differentiation and alternative assessment options
Drawbacks:
-Requires the teacher to have a good facility with creating and engaging.

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Under what circumstances can this model be incorporated?

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Under what circumstances can this model be incorporated?

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This creative process is similar across all grade levels and curriculum subjects

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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This can be used throughout all levels

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According to Estes and Mintz (2016), “this is a good model for helping students look at familiar content in a new way so that information can be extended and new conceptual schema built” (p. 236).

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Making the familiar strange simply implies that students are encouraged to view the ordinary an the familiar in a new and different way.

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Each one of the five steps can be broken down into technological steps to go along with the assignment being presented. It will depend on how much technology you choose to have as teacher for students to have access to.

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- Teachers have an opportunity for responsive teaching by varying the content, process, and product of tasks.
- Allows for variations
- Alternative tasks that students may choose from.

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-Using the inquiry chart
- Being able to explain through discussion
- Composing an essay that outlines the steps

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Benefits:
- The focus of learning is on questions rather than answers
-Problems rather than solutions
- Allows students to be actively engaged
- Flexibility
Drawbacks:
- If the teacher is not organized in the delivery, it can be difficult for students to make connections

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The five steps that make up problem-based inquiry consist of engage with a problem which each part of the curriculum should provide an answer to the problem or another, explore the problem by using the PBL inquiry chart to assist in finding answers, explain and share information which means the information may come from different sources and provide different perspectives, elaborate which has students elaborating by clarifying terms, conclusions, and justifying, and lastly evaluating which is assessing student learning.

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It is all about grouping. Being able to take the time to view the needs and proficiency levels of each student and deciding which group would be most effective for them.

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There are various ways to add technology into this model. It could range from using Google to any online programs that students can access and work together.

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- Creating a brief dialogue
- Composing a simple reflection
-Anything that will reflect the personal learning that students have made

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Benefits:
- Students are able to listen, write, tell, paraphrase, read, assist others, and interact with others.
- Done correctly, can improve information acquisition and retention
-Promotes higher level thinking and self-confidence
Drawbacks:
- Having a teacher that prefers a more direct instruction model than cooperative
- Not planning in advance to ensure modeling and accountability are noted

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Under what circumstances can this model be used?

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Under what circumstances can this model be used?

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This model can be used at all levels since it promotes social, academic, and cognitive skills.

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- It can be implemented in K-12
- Involves collaborative learning,
- Student interactions that have a goal in mind
-Builds social skills and relationships, relating new information to prior knowledge that is already stored, and assists in building a future repertoire to use later in their educational or career fields.

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This model brings more accountability and 21st century learning skills to students to allow them to be abreast of the ever-changing world we live in.

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- Utilizing www.socrative.com to create a lesson but using technology
- Creating a Padlet that will allow students to engage interactively with one another about a topic

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- This model is open to personalizing instruction
- Choosing the text that is beneficial to the proficiency levels of students
- Clustering questions

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- Students can write short essays that will reference the main issue/topic
- Taking a problem and breaking it down to indicate if the problem can be solved and how.

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Benefits:
-Open-ended questions
- Encourage active dialogue from students
-Reinforces social skills
- Allows students to become comfortable listening and offering feedback
Drawbacks:
- It does take practice
- Including a rubric would help
- Can get out of control if not monitored and redirected

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate? 

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate? 

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This model can be at most any level. In elementary, more modeling and repetition may need to occur, but it can be done.

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- The examination of ideas through a logical progression
- Questioning to assist students reach a deeper understanding
- Commenting on a controversial topic after being aware of the other perspectives

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Socrative seminars are designed for the teacher to assist learners collect their thoughts to build new understandings from prior knowledge.

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Estes, T. H., & Mintz, S. L. (2016). INSTRUCTION A Models Approach (7th ed.). Boston , MA: Pearson.

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-Since it has a summarizing focus, using Google Classroom would assist and allow peers and the teacher to comment
-Using Inspiration.com to assist in the brainstorming step
-Creating a pezi, ppt, or any presentation to present to their peers of the data and classifications being discussed.

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-This model is inherently differentiated
-It meets the students needs in a variety of ways that are structured and implemented
-Using modification based on student learning
-Basing the lesson on student pace. Making more time for practice if need be
-Creating roles within the class

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-Reclassifying data sets
-Explaining the reason for moving from one item to another group
-Can identify the relationships between items in a data set

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Benefits could include:
-Easy to incorporate in any discipline
-Can be used in K-12
-It allows teachers to access prior knowledge, broaden, and enrich their prior experiences
-Excellent review
-Supports affective skills
Drawbacks may include:
-The brainstorming piece does require active listening from both teacher and student which needs to be addressed prior to.
-Students may have a difficult time relating to what their peers are portraying with their thoughts.

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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-This model may be utilized in a K-12 setting
-Can go beyond to explore basic concepts in different disciplines

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-Concept development is a strategy that extends and refines our knowledge by creating an opportunity to extend and refine out personal concepts.
-Concepts can be concrete or abstract
-This model and the attainment one are needed to learn and be able to transfer our knowledge of concepts.
-Is congruent of the constructivist theory
-Assists students in developing a richer conceptual schemata.

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Concept development goes beyond concept attainment. The research indicates that we gather concepts by identifying their criterial attributes. It also moves beyond the definition to inferences that may not be observable.

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How can technology be integrated with this model?

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How can technology be integrated with this model?

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-Creating a Match the Memory that will allow students to connect the example to the non-example
-Having students classify their own lists using Google sketch which allows for varied designs
-Creating a rubric from RubiStar that gives them the expectations of a high grade as opposed to the lower end of the spectrum.

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How would you differentiate for this model?

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How would you differentiate for this model?

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-Any differentiated decisions must start with knowledge about the students' readiness, interests, and learning profiles.
-Once that is known the the level of complexity can then be established
-Creating early exposures
-Designing participation rules and the roles of competition in the classroom to fit the needs of students
-Creating learning or interest centers.

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How can this be assessed for understanding?

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How can this be assessed for understanding?

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Teachers can provide students with examples and non-examples to help distinguish the difference between the two and for students to make a connection to the lesson. It also assists in students making logical relations to the examples given.

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What are the benefits or drawbacks for this model?

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What are the benefits or drawbacks for this model?

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The benefits include:
-It mirrors the way that we learn concepts in the real world
-It's structured around two important academic skills. 1.) Identifying similarities and differences 2.) Generating and testing hypotheses
-It is a flexible model
Drawbacks may include:
-This model requires clear and concise definitions which comes from the teacher and failing to make sure it is clear, could result in confusion for students.
- Students need to be active participants which requires the teacher to set rules, consequences, and modeling to ensure students know what to do.

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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This model is most appropriate for teaching concepts that have clear criterial attributes so that students can observe all of the concepts examples have in common and think logically about a definition.

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-It is an inductive model which begins with examples and asks students to induce a definition.
-The inductive reasoning supports the move from observations to general history to hypotheses.
-Concept hierarchies are present which assist in examples

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This model is considered instructional and is used to explicitly teach targeted knowledge, skills, or both.

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How would you differentiate for this model?

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How would you differentiate for this model?

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-Flexible grouping allows students to practice new knowledge and skills with various peers that can offer different insights.
-Varying questions can be used with all the steps of the direct instruction model. They can also be adjusted based on the proficiency level of the students being taught.

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The direct instruction model can be varied. It can be equated to behavioral psychology, social learning theory and cognitive learning theory.
Behavioral- Due to its clear targets, diagnostic testing, realistic goals, chunking tasks, positive reinforcements, and good records.
Social- Focuses on the modeling by the teacher to engage the students to follow within the steps presented.
Cognitive- Relating previous knowledge to new information

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-Through independent practice
-Diagnostic questions
-Having more of a formative approach with students pointing out specifics
-By acting on the feedback given by the teacher
-Reflecting on one's own learning

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The benefits include:
-Has been clearly related to student achievement
-It is a generative model that can be the framework for other models
-It is aligned with the standards
-Allows for steps to be clearly articulated
-All steps are geared toward the successful growth of students
The drawbacks may include:
-Since this only a frame or template, it is essential for teachers to ensure the rest of the lesson falls into what best meets the needs of their particular classroom
-The feedback piece can be daunting to a teacher especially a new one. It takes practice and a bit of a system to ensure all students receive the proper feedback before moving on.

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The model is based on the research of Jerome Bruner, Jacqueline Goodnow, and George Austin.
It is an indirect instructional strategy that uses a structured inquiry process. It also focuses on categorizing and attaining concepts.

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How can you integrate technology with this model?

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How can you integrate technology with this model?

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-Honestly, it would be feasible at any step depending on what you are using.
Examples:
-Using Google Classroom to reflect and the teacher offers feedback
-Google Expedition which allows students to obtain background knowledge by visually seeing it
-Kahoot is a great way to review the objectives of the day
-Quizlet to review prior knowledge by encouraging student engagement.

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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Under what circumstances is this model appropriate?

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Since this model uses specific steps to assist students to reach the objectives of the lesson, it allows the teacher to move from their responsibility to the students taking it on. It promotes knowledge and kills as well as the I do, We do, and You do pattern. This would be a great model to use when reviewing previous knowledge before embarking on new information.