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The thing that impacted me the most today was visiting the Apteka Pod Orlem. In the pharmacy which is now a museum that tells the story of Tadeusz Pankiewicz, the pharmacist had lived and worked and watched 6,000 Jews march to the main square of the ghetto where they would be transported to Płaszów. Listening to Mr. Barmore tell us how children under the age of 14 were separated from their families, taken away and killed before their parents were transported and told that their children would join them a day later really struck me and reminded me of the 82 children in Lidice that were taken away from their families before being killed. We also learned that Pakiewicz would give Valerium and cyanide to families who were summoned to leave—Valerium to sedate children while smuggling them in luggage, and cyanide for suicide. I’ve discovered over the course of this trip and seeing several memorials that the aspect of the Holocaust that impacts me the most is family. Imagining having to leave my own family and being told that I would see them soon when, in reality, we’d all be killed in a matter of hours, is a thought that I can barely face, yet the physical and emotional responses that it creates are necessary for those learning and attempting to understand how the Jews felt during the Holocaust.

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Today in Krakow we went to a pharmacy where a doctor kept an account of what he saw during the liquidation of the Krakow ghetto. The story that Mr. B told today about what the doctor wrote in his diary sent chills down my back. When the Nazis separates the Jews into two groups, one of kids younger than 14 and one of jews above 14. The parents that realized what was going to happen rushed into the pharmacy to get two things, valium and cyanide. I couldn’t imagine what it would feel like to have to either poison a kid to save them from a even worse fate or give them a sedative to fit them in luggage so they can live a little longer.

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In the Old Synagogue located in Krakow, a single piece of artwork stood out to me the most because of previous knowledge. In the picture seen below you can see symbols such as hands, animals, and a maze. These symbols were used on tombstones throughout Jewish cemeteries in order to give some acknowledgement to the ones buried there. These symbols were seen mostly in Prague, but today Mr. B explained how most Prague Jews migrated to Krakow which is when I first noticed the connection between the symbols. These symbols seen on the artwork are there to honor groups of people lost during the Holocaust just like on the tombstones. This stuck with me for the sole fact that even though these are different countries, similar traditions are seen throughout different memorials all over Europe.

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Today, a main highlight was visiting the pharmacy that was owned and operated by Tadeusz Pankiewicz in the Kraków ghetto. As a non-Jew, he did not have to offer the Jews any kindness or support, but Mr. Pankiewicz was an honorable individual who tried his best to do what he could for the ghetto inhabitants. For example, Mr. Barmore told us that Mr. Pankiewicz sold Valium and cyanide to desperate Jewish parents, the Valium for sedating Jewish children to smuggle out of the ghetto and the cyanide for parents to use to commit suicide as a last resort. Hearing about the extreme measures people were willing to go through in order to escape deportation to the death camps really emphasized for me how horrifying reality was for Jewish individuals. The idea that parents were willing to drug their children and then give them away in suitcases to be smuggled out of the ghetto made me further grasp the desperation of the time; people were willing to do almost anything to survive.

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This is a very old yet beautiful synagogue in the Jewish quarter of Krakow. It is fascinating to see how Jews took inspiration from Christianity in the way Christians created beautiful structures such as churches. The Jews of Krakow built such an intriquet and massive synagogue to emphasize their wealth and power in the community. Considering this is a reformed synagogue, it was surprising to see how detailed the arc and ceiling was compared to synagogues built by orthodox and hasidic Jews. The women were also separated from the men which furthers the point that different branches of Judaism have much relation regardless of the level of righteousness.

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Today we visited the Jewish Quarter in Krakow, Poland. What stood out to me the most was visiting the pharmacy and listening to the stories that were held inside. The one story I found the most powerful was how as the deportees were lined up, a young woman slowly approached the Nazi officers. One officer proceeded to whip and beat her with no remorse. The reason she stepped forward is because she wanted to see her mother, who was in the front row. She ran into her arms and they stayed in that embrace for a while. Her mom wiped her face with a handkerchief and they cherished the moments they had together. The officers recognized that they wanted to remain together, so they forced the young woman away from her mother and sent her back into the crowd. Before they marched, she gave her mother one last wave before she never saw her again. It was painful listening to this story because I could never imagine going through such a thing. The strength it takes from the both of them to put on a brave face in a horrif situation is remarkable.

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Today we visited a pharmacy owned by a man named Pankiewicz. At first it did not seem like much, until Mr. B started to explain the devastating history that surrounds the area. From the window in the store, Pankiewicz was able to see how the Nazis tried forcing parents to separate from their children (if they were younger than 14) and telling them they would be reunited the next day. Instead of following through with this promise, the Nazis killed the children after the adults left.

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Today as we toured the town of Krakow we explored and learned about numerous different synagogues. As we walked through the Old Synagogue, Mr. B explinsd how Jewish people were not allowed to express themselves through art due to what it says in the bible. But what was strange to me, was the paintings I noticed on the wall behind me. These paintings were in fact done by Jewish men and women proving them not to be Orthadox Jews and indeed active in the enlightenment. The thing I found to be extremely shocking was how every painting was of old Jewish traditions these people would have followed. In the one painting you saw people going to a water stream, people emptying their pockets, and people praying in hopes of throwing away all their sins. I found it shocking how people who went against the laws they were suppose to follow painted one of the least followed traditions by the Jewish community.

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Despite Kraków’s rather dark history, many people still come to live here and tour here all the time. Perhaps it is because of the dark history, but I’d say it is most likely partly due to the true beauty of the city. While walking around, I noticed many people who all spoke different languages. Some polish, English, German, and even a good amount of Spanish. There is a much more diverse crowd here than there has been in the cities we recently visited, I found. Everyone is just so intrigued with the good and bas of Kraków

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Today we went to many different synogogues in the Jewish Quarter of Cracow. My favorite synogogue was the Old Synogogue. I learned a lot of new things about Hasidism in their exhibit. I was most surprised that Hasidic Jews have arranged marriages and marry very young, like 16 years old! That shocked me because I cannot believe getting married at my age right now. Mr. Barmore told us that the reason they get married so young is because women are most fertile from ages 16-23. Another thing that stuck out to me about this synogogue was all the old photos that I saw inside of men infront of the building from so long ago, and the building was so well preserved. My last highlight from today was that it rained!!!

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The most important part of today was when we visited the old synagogue and learned the history of older and newer jewish traditions. At first we looked at the older forms of the Jewish religion when the religion was everything to the people. But, once we started to learn about more recent times the Jewish religion had changed. While they still prayed and believed in the same ways, the obsession with the religion changed. For example Jewish people weren’t allowed to paint about real life people because it could be taking an idol. But, in the 19th century Jewish people began to paint freely and not worship the religion as much.