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1. - it protects our organs.

2. - it store and releases fat.

3. - it produces and stores blood cells.

4. - it releases minerals.

5. - and helps support our body system.

6. - And to move and walk, something we can't forget about. ☻

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When we think of the skeletal system, we think of bones and a skull, but there's actually more than meets the eye.without them we would just me a big pile of flesh mush and would take hard hits or injuries to our organs.

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When we think of the skeletal system, we think of bones and a skull, but there's actually more than meets the eye.without them we would just me a big pile of flesh mush and would take hard hits or injuries to our organs.

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It is averaged that the adult skeletal system consists of 206 bones.

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It is averaged that the adult skeletal system consists of 206 bones.

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Meaning that all those 206 bones have a job and a purpose for working. one of those purposes is to help protect you organs so they don;t get a hard impact on them, causing you to get severely hurt.

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Not only that, but it also has a network of tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connects them.

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Not only that, but it also has a network of tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connects them.

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this helps the skeletal system perform vital functions such as protection and support

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the amount of bones a person has isn't the final tally. Infants are born with about 300 bones, which some will fuse together as the body develops.

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Bone tissues help perform several critical functions on the metabolic level.

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Bone tissues help perform several critical functions on the metabolic level.

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It also acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals that are important to make the body function well especially with calcium and potassium (which are found in your bones). These minerals are then incorporated into bone tissue, and then can be released back into the blood stream.

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Your skeletal system helps you by holding you up. If you didn't have a skeleton your organs and guts would just go flat on the floor. Your skeleton also helps by protecting organs, like the skull...

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bone (osseous) tissue:

hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton

cartilage:

semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement

hematopoiesis:

production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones

ligament:

a dense connective tissue that connect one whole bone to another whole bone

red bone marrow:

connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) takes place

yellow bone marrow:

connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored

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bone composed of small, needle like pieces; lots of space

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dense, smooth looking bone

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shaft of a long bone.

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a simple video that sums it all up.

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a person suffers from 1 to 2% of bone loss every month, while the average elderly person looses 1 to 2% every YEAR. YIKES!

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The Skeletal System: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #19

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these make up your arms like the fibula, femur, and tibia (which are your legs), and the metatarsal.

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Such As the Talus on your wrist.

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which are the thinner bones located on your skull and shoulders. These are the scapula and Sternum.

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these are the strange looking bones in the body, such as the vertebrae and the pelvis.

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This is something to be glad to have. The Red Marrow helps make blood cells.

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Protects your vital organs such as your lungs and your heart

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a fun game to play

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Quizlet is a lightning fast way to learn vocabulary.

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Just to tone down the vocabulary, there are 2 types of bone tissue. there is compact bone and spongy bone.

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I know articles and websites aren't the easiest to understand.

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I know articles and websites aren't the easiest to understand.

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but fret not I found some websites that help me understand it a little bit better.

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(Image credit: Shutterstock)

The human skeletal system is not quite as simple as the popular children's song suggests. The "head bone" (actually made up of 22 separate bones) is not connected to the "neck bone," but rather to a series of small bones that go all the way down the back. And the "toe bone" is actually made up of several bones that connect to another set of bones that provide structure for the foot. In total, the human skeleton consists of a whopping 206 bones.

In addition to all those bones, the human skeletal system includes a network of tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connect the bones together. The skeletal system provides the structural support for the human body and protects our organs. Our bones also serve several other vital functions, including producing blood cells and storing and releasing fats and minerals, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Development and structure of the skeleton

Infants are born with about 300 separate bones, according to , a nonprofit children's health provider. As a child grows, some of those bones fuse together until growth stops, typically by the age of 25, leaving the skeleton with 206 bones.

Our bones are separated into two categories based on the purpose and location of the bones: The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton, according to the SEER program of the National Cancer Institute.

The axial skeleton contains 80 bones, including the skull, spine and rib cage. It forms the central structure of the skeleton, with the function of protecting the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs.

The remaining 126 bones make up the appendicular skeleton; they include the arms, legs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle. The lower portion of the appendicular skeleton protects the major organs associated with digestion and reproduction and provides stability when a person is walking or running. The upper portion allows for a greater range of motion when lifting and carrying objects.

Bones are further classified by their shape: long, short, flat, irregular or sesamoid, according to SEER.

Long bones are found in the arms, legs, fingers and toes. These bones are longer than they are wide and are cylindrical. They move when the muscles around them contract, and they are the most mobile parts of the skeleton.

Short bones are found in the wrists and ankles and are about equal in their length, width and thickness.

Flat bones make up the skull, shoulder blades, sternum and ribs. These curved, thin bones protect internal organs and provide an anchor for muscles.

Irregular bones are those in the spinal cord and face, which, because of their unique dimension, don't fit in any of the other shape categories.

Sesamoid bones are found in the hands, wrists, feet, ears and knees. These small, round bones are embedded in tendons and protect them from the great pressure and force they encounter.

There are some variations between male and female skeletons. For example, the female pelvis is typically more broad, thin, and round than the male pelvis, according to the National Museum of Natural History. [Image Gallery: The BioDigital Human]

What's inside your bones?

(Image credit: Ross Toro, Livescience contributor)

Three main types of material make up every bone in your body: compact bone, spongy bone and bone marrow, according to the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University.

Approximately 80% of every bone is compact bone, which is the hardest and strongest type of bone and is what allows the body to support its weight. Compact bone makes up the outer layers of the bone and protects the inner parts of the bones where many vital functions occur, such as bone marrow production. Compact bone consists primarily of cells called osteocytes. Microscopic passages in between the cells to allow nerves and blood vessels to pass through.

About 20% of each bone is spongy bone, which is filled with large holes and passages. Most often found toward the ends of individual bones, the spongy bone material is filled with bone marrow, nerves and blood vessels.

Two types of bone marrow fill the pores in spongy bone. Approximately half is red bone marrow, which is found mainly within flat bones such as shoulder blades and ribs. This is where all red and white blood cells and platelets (cells that help a cut stop bleeding) are made. Infant's bones contain all red bone marrow to produce enough blood cells to keep up with the youngsters' growth.

The other half of marrow is yellow bone marrow, which is found in long bones, such as thigh bones, and consists primarily of fat. Blood vessels run through both types of bone marrow to deliver nutrients and remove waste from the bones.

There are four main types of cells within bones: Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and lining cells, according to the NCBI.

Osteoblasts are cells that create new or repair existing bone material as the bones grow or break. The cells create a flexible material called osteoid and then fortify it with minerals to harden and strengthen it. When osteoblasts successfully finish their job, they retire to become osteocytes or lining cells.

Osteocytes, found in the compact bone, are responsible for exchanging minerals and communicating with other cells in the vicinity. They are formed from old osteoblasts that have gotten stuck in the center of bones.

Osteoclasts break down existing bone material and reabsorb it. These cells often work with osteoblasts to heal and reshape bone after a break (the osteoclasts break down the extra callus formed by the healing process) to make room for new blood vessels and nerves and to make bones thicker and stronger.

Lining cells are flat bone cells that completely cover the outside surface of bones. Their primary function is controlling the movement of minerals, cells and other materials into and out of the bones.

Diseases of the skeletal system

As with any part of the human body, bones are susceptible to injury and disease.

Some of the most common diseases that can affect the skeletal system include:

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes the density and strength of bones to decrease because bone loss occurs faster than bone growth. It can be caused by genetics or unhealthy lifestyle habits (such as lack of calcium or vitamin D, and heavy smoking or drinking with little exercise).

is a type of cancer that starts in the bone marrow and the lymphatic system, according to the Mayo Clinic. Several types of leukemia affect various blood cells and other systems of the body.

Osteoarthritis is a disease that causes the breakdown of the cartilage that protects the ends of bones in joints. This lack of cartilage leads to bone-on-bone rubbing, which can cause significant pain, damage to the bones and connective tissues, inflammation of the surrounding tissue and restricted motion, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Additional resources: This article was updated on Oct. 18, 2021, by Live Science contributor Ben Biggs. This article is for informational purposes only, and is not meant to offer medical advice.

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(Image credit: Shutterstock) The human skeletal system is not quite as simple as the popular children's song suggests. The "head bone" (actually made up of 22 separate bones) is not connected to the "neck bone," but rather to a series of small bones that go all the way down the back.

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By Rene Fester Kratz

Skeletons support animals, give their bodies shape, and protect their internal organs, but not all animals have the same type of skeleton. Following are the three different kinds of skeletons you may see in your study of biology:

Hydrostatic skeletons: Found in creatures such as worms and jellies, hydrostatic skeletons are basically chambers filled with water. Animals with this skeleton type move and change their shape by squeezing their water-filled chambers - just like what happens when you squeeze a water balloon.

Exoskeletons: These are exactly what they sound like - skeletons on the outside of the body. You're probably quite familiar with these hard exterior coverings because they're found on crabs, lobsters, and many insects. Exoskeletons are rigid and can't expand as animals grow, so animals must molt, or shed, their exoskeletons periodically. After an animal molts, its new exoskeleton is soft - as in a soft-shelled crab.

Endoskeletons: The most familiar of all skeleton types is the endoskeleton. After all, it's the kind of skeleton you have. An endoskeleton exists within an animal's body. The human endoskeleton is hard because it's partially constructed of the mineral calcium. The endoskeletons of other animals may be more flexible - for example, the endoskeleton of a shark is made of cartilage, the same material that makes up the soft parts of your nose.

Animals with hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons are considered invertebrates, meaning they don't have a backbone. Animals with endoskeletons, like you, are considered vertebrates because they have a backbone.

Splitting apart vertebrate skeletons

All vertebrate skeletons- whether they belong to humans, snakes, bats, or whales - developed from the same ancestral skeleton (which explains why you may notice similarities between your skeleton and that of your pet dog or cat). Today, these animals show their relationship to each other in part due to homologous structures - structures that are equivalent to each other in their origin.

All vertebrates' skeletons, whether yours, a whale's, or a cat's, have two main parts:

The axial skeleton: This part supports the central column, or axis, of the animal. The axial skeleton includes the skull, the backbone (also called the vertebral column), and the rib cage. The skull protects the brain, the backbone protects the spine, and the rib cage protects the lungs and heart.

The appendicular skeleton: This part extends from the axial skeleton out into the arms and legs (which are also known as appendages). It includes the shoulders, pelvis, and bones of the arms and legs.

In some vertebrates, such as snakes, the appendicular skeleton has become extremely reduced or nonexistent.

Boning up on bones

If you've ever watched an old Western movie, you've probably seen images of bones bleached white by the Sun and scattered alongside a pioneer trail. The dry white bones of these images are very different from the living bones that are in your body right now. Bone is actually a moist, living tissue that contains different layers and cell types.

Fibrous connective tissue covers the exterior of bones and helps heal breaks in an injured bone by forming new bone.

Bone cells, which are embedded in a bone matrix, give cells their hard nature. The cells actually make the matrix, which consists of collagen that has been hardened by the attachment of calcium and phosphate crystals.

Cartilage covers the ends of bones and protects them from damage as they rub against each other.

The tissues found within living bone fall into two categories:

Spongy bone tissues are filled with little spaces, similar to those you see in volcanic rocks. These holes are filled with red bone marrow, which is the tissue that produces your blood cells.

Compact bone tissues are hard and dense. A cavity within compact bone is filled with yellow bone marrow, which is mostly stored fat. If the body suddenly loses a large amount of blood, it converts the yellow bone marrow to red bone marrow so that blood cell production can be increased.

Movement fun with skeletal systems

Joints are structures where two bones are attached so that bones can move relative to each other. Bones are held together at joints by ligaments, which are strong, fibrous, connective tissues.

Three different types of joints enable the many movements of animals:

Ball and socket joints consist of one bone, with a rounded, ball-like end, that fits into another bone, which has a smooth, dishlike surface. Your arms and legs fit into your skeleton with ball and socket joints, which is why you're able to rotate your arms and legs in all directions.

Pivot joints allow you to swivel a bone. When you rotate your arm so that your palm faces up, then down, then up again, you're using a pivot joint.

Hinge joints allow you to bring two bones close together or move them farther apart, much like you open and close a book. Your elbows and knees have pivot joints that allow you to extend and contract your arms and legs.

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Skeletons support animals, give their bodies shape, and protect their internal organs, but not all animals have the same type of skeleton. Following are the three different kinds of skeletons you may see in your study of biology: Hydrostatic skeletons: Found in creatures such as worms and jellies, hydrostatic skeletons are basically chambers filled with ...

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skull, vertebral column, bony thorax and rib. This includes 80 bones.These are the main foundations the hings yo can't really live without.

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bones of the limbs and girdles. These make up most of everything else, and are the bones that help us move around

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Is one bone, with a rounded ball like shape that fits into another bone, it has a smooth like surface. its used in your arms and legs: this is how your able to rotate your arms and you legs.

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These allow you turn you bones freely, so when you rotate your arm, and your palms face up, then face down: you are then using your Pivot Joints.

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Allow you to bring you bones together together, and move them farther apart. just like when you open and close a door. y

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are also composed of Osteaons, which are then filled with Lamellae, and they are made with fibers that run the same direction. DID I LOOSE YA? well it helps you so you don't twist or rub friction on your bones (or wear out).

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Bones neednutrients and that is where the central canal comes in (its where it holds the nerves and blood vessels)

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Overview of the Musculoskeletal System

The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that enables an organism to move, support itself, and maintain stability during locomotion.

Learning Objectives

Explain the purpose of the musculoskeletal system

Key Takeaways

Key Points

The musculoskeletal system 's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs.

The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that support and bind tissues and organs together.

The skeleton serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus.

The skeleton also contains critical components of the hematopoietic ( blood production) system and fat storage. These functions occur in red marrow and yellow marrow, respectively.

To allow motion, different bones are connected by articulating joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other while the muscles contract to move the bones associated with the joint.

Key Terms

red marrow: Red marrow or medulla ossium rubra, consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue, and gives rise to red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and most white blood cells (WBCs).

musculoskeletal system: An organ system that gives animals (and humans) the ability to move, using the combined actions of the muscular and skeletal systems. It provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

hematopoeisis: A biological process in which new blood cells are formed from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the marrow. All cellular blood components are derived from HSCs.

The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals (including humans) the ability to move, using the muscular and skeletal systems. It provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together.

Its primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs.
The bones of the skeletal system provide stability to the body analogous to a reinforcement bar in concrete construction.

Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in their movement. To allow motion, different bones are connected by articulating joints, and cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly onto each other.

Skeletal System

The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus. The importance of this storage is to help regulate mineral balance in the bloodstream. When the fluctuation of minerals is high, these minerals are stored in bone; when it is low, minerals are withdrawn from the bone.

The skeleton also contains critical components of the hematopoietic (blood production) system. Located in long bones are two distinctions of bone marrow: yellow and red. The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow cavity. In times of starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for energy.

The red marrow of some bones is an important site for hematopoeisis or blood cell production that replaces cells that have been destroyed by the liver. Here, all erythrocytes, platelets, and most leukocytes form in bone marrow from where they migrate to the circulation.

Muscular System

Muscles contract (shorten) to move the bone attached at the joint. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and arranged in opposing groups around joints. Muscles are innervated-the nerves conduct electrical currents from the central nervous system that cause the muscles to contract.

Three types of muscle tissue exist in the body. These are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

Only skeletal and smooth muscles are considered part of the musculoskeletal system.

Skeletal muscle is involved in body locomotion.

Examples of smooth muscles include those found in intestinal and vessel walls.

Cardiac and smooth muscle are characterized by involuntary movement (not under conscious control).

Cardiac muscles are found in the heart.

Tendons, Joints, Ligaments, and Bursae

A tendon is a tough, flexible band made of fibrous connective tissue, and functions to connect muscle to bone. Joints are the bone articulations allowing movement. A ligament is a dense, white band of fibrous elastic tissue.

Ligaments connect the ends of bones together in order to form a joint. These help to limit joint dislocation and restrict improper hyperextension and hyperflexion. Also made of fibrous tissue are bursae. These provide cushions between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint.

The Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton functions to support and protect the organs of the dorsal and ventral cavities and serves as a surface for the attachment of muscles and parts of the appendicular skeleton.

Learning Objectives

List the components of the axial skeleton

Key Takeaways

Key Points

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate animal, including humans.

The primary divisions of the skeleton system are the head, thorax, and vertebral column.

The human cranium supports the structures of the face and forms the brain cavity.

The rib cage functions as protection for the vital organs of the chest such as the heart and lungs.

The cervical vertebrae make up the junction between the vertebral column and the cranium, and the bone makes up the junction between the vertebral column and the pelvic bones.

Key Terms

flat bones: Thin bones (although often curved) that serve as points of attachment for muscles and protect internal organs (examples, cranium, sternum).

cranial vault: The space in the skull occupied by the brain.

sutures: Fibrous joints that are only found in the cranium.

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate animal, including humans.

The word axial is from the word axis, and refers to how the bones of the axial skeleton are located along the central axis of the body.

The axial skeleton functions to support and protect the organs of the dorsal and ventral cavities. It also serves as a surface for the attachment of muscles and parts of the appendicular skeleton.

The human's axial skeleton is composed of 80 bones and is the central core of the body. The primary divisions of the skeleton system are:

Head, including the bones of the skull (cranium), face, auditory ossicles, and hyoid bone.

Thorax, including the rib cage and sternum.

Vertebral column.

Bones of the Head

Skull (Cranium)

The human cranium consists of the flat bones of the cranium and includes the facial bones. The cranium protects the brain that is contained in the cranial vault. The cranium is formed from eight bones connected by sutures.

Fourteen facial bones form the lower front part of the cranium. Important facial bones include the lower jaw or mandible, the upper jaw or maxilla, the zygomatic or cheek bone, and the nasal bone.

The immature cranium has separate plates to allow the flexibility needed for a newborn to pass through the birth canal and pelvis.

These plates fuse as the skull matures (except the mandible). The human cranium supports the structures of the face and forms the brain cavity.

Ossicle

The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) consist of three bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) that are the smallest in the body. These are located in the middle ear and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth.

Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. It provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth, the tongue above, larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind.

Rib Cage

The rib cage is composed of 25 bones that include the 12 pairs of ribs plus the sternum. It functions as protection for the vital organs of the chest, such as the heart and lungs. The rounded ends are attached at joints to the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and the flattened ends come together at the sternum anteriorly.

The first seven pairs of ribs attach to the sternum with costal cartilage and are known as true ribs. Thelength of each rib pair increases from number one to seven. After rib seven, the size begins to decrease. The 8th through 10th ribs have noncostal cartilage that connects them to the ribs above.

The last two ribs are called floating ribs because they do not attach to the sternum or to other ribs.

Vertebral Column

There are normally thirty-three vertebrae in the human vertebral column. The upper twenty-four articulate and are unfused, the lower nine are fused. The fused vertebrae are the five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx.

The articulating vertebrae are named according regions:

Cervical vertebrae (seven vertebrae).

Thoracic (twelve vertebrae).

Lumbar (five vertebrae).

The first and second cervical vertebrae are the atlas and axis, respectively, on which the head rests. The cervical vertebrae make up the junction between the vertebral column and the cranium, and the bone makes up the junction between the vertebral column and the pelvic bones.

The Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton includes the skeletal elements within the limbs, as well as supporting pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Learning Objectives

List the components of the appendicular skeleton

Key Takeaways

Key Points

The appendicular skeleton comprises 126 bones and is involved in locomotion and manipulation of objects in the environment.

The bones of the appendicular skeleton are divided into two groups: the bones that are located within the limbs themselves, and the girdle bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.

The bones of the pectoral girdle anchor the upper limb to the thoracic cage of the axial skeleton.

The pelvic girdle is formed by a single bone and serves as the attachment point for each lower limb.

Key Terms

Girdle: A group of bones that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton.

phalanges: The digital bones of the hands and feet (singular, phalanx).

appendages: The parts of the body that extend from the axial trunk.

The appendicular skeleton of vertebrates, including humans, consists of the bones that support and compose the appendages (for example, the arms and legs of humans). The word appendicular is the adjective of the noun appendage.

The appendicular skeleton includes the skeletal elements within the limbs, as well as supporting the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

The appendicular skeleton comprises 126 bones and is involved in locomotion and manipulation of objects in the environment. It is unfused, allowing for greater range of motion.

Divisions of the Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is divided into six major regions:

1. The pectoral girdles consist of 4 bones: The left and right clavicle (2) and the scapula (2).

2. The upper arms and forearms are made up of 6 bones: The left and right humerus (upper arm, 2), the ulna (2), and the radius (forearm, 2).

3. The hands have 54 bones: The left and right carpals (wrist, 16), metacarpals (10), proximal phalanges (10), intermediate phalanges (8), and the distal phalanges (10).

4. The pelvis has 2 bones: The left and right hip bone (2).

5. The thighs and legs have 8 bones: The left and right femur (thigh, 2), patella (knee, 2), tibia (2) and fibula (leg, 2).

6. The feet and ankles have 52 bones: The left and right tarsals (ankle, 14), metatarsals (10), proximal phalanges (10), intermediate phalanges (8), and distal phalanges (10).

Pectoral Girdle

The bones of the pectoral girdle consist of two bones (scapula and clavicle) and anchor the upper limb to the thoracic cage of the axial skeleton.

The three regions of the upper limb are: arm (humerus), forearm (ulna medially and radius laterally), and the hand.

The base of the hand contains eight bones (carpal bones), and the palm is formed by five bones (metacarpal bones). The fingers and thumb contain a total of 14 bones, called phalanges.

Pelvic Girdle

The pelvic girdle is formed by a single bone, the hip or coxal bone, and serves as the attachment point for each lower limb. Each hip bone is joined to the axial skeleton by its attachment to the sacrum of the vertebral column. The right and left hip bones attach to each other anteriorly.

The lower limb contains 30 bones and is divided into three regions, the thigh, leg, and foot. These consist of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges.

The femur is the single bone of the thigh.

The patella (kneecap) articulates with the distal femur.

The tibia is located on the medial side of the leg,

The fibula is the thin bone of the lateral leg.

The bones of the foot are divided into three groups, the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges of the foot.

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The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that enables an organism to move, support itself, and maintain stability during locomotion. Explain the purpose of the musculoskeletal system Key Points The musculoskeletal system 's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs.

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Skeletal System | Learn Skeletal Anatomy

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What does the skeletal system do? How are bones categorized? What forms the axial and appendicular skeleton? How do they come together to form joints?

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Introduction to Human Skeletal System:

Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations. If the skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human body; no more than a stone.

Components of Human Skeleton:

Human skeleton is composed of three main components; Bones, Associated cartilages and Joints.
Bones:
Bone is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human body and it is responsible for almost all strength of human skeleton. For more details visit: Basic anatomy article; " Bone ".
Cartilages:
Cartilage is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts while cartilages are not. For more details visit: Basic anatomy article; " Cartilage and its types ".
Joints:
Joints are important components of human skeleton because they make the human skeleton mobile. A joint occurs between "two or more bones", "bone and cartilage" and "cartilage and cartilage". For more details visit: " Joints "

Divisions of Human Skeleton:

Human skeleton can be divided into two divisions.
Axial Skeleton:
Axial skeleton forms the axis of human body. It consists of Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage.

Skull: Skull is that part of human skeleton that forms the bony framework of the head. It consists of 22 different bones that are divided into two groups: bones of cranium and bones of face. For more details, visit:""

Vertebral Column: It is a flexible column of vertebrae, connecting the trunk of human body to the skull and appendages. It is composed of 33 vertebrae which are divided into 5 regions: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal. For more details, visit:""

Rib Cage: It is a bony cage enclosing vital human organs formed by the sternum and ribs. There are 12 pairs of ribs that are divided into three groups: True ribs, False ribs, and Floating ribs. For more details, visit:"".

Appendicular Skeleton:
It is the skeleton of appendages of human body. It consists of Shoulder girdle, Skeleton of upper limb, Pelvic girdle and Skeleton of lower limb.

Shoulder Girdle: It attaches the upper limb to body trunk and is formed by two bones: clavicle and scapula.Clavicle is a modified long bone and is subcutaneous throughout its position. It is also known as the beauty bone. For more details on clavicle, visit:""Scapula is a pear shaped flat bone that contains the glenoid fossa for the formation of shoulder joint. It possesses three important processes: Spine of scapula, Acromion process and Coracoid process. For more details, visit "".

Skeleton of Upper limb: The skeleton of each upper limb consists of 30 bones. These bones are: Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals (8), Metacarpals (5), Phalanges (14).Click on the name of any bone for more details.

Pelvic Girdle: There are two pelvic girdles (one for each lower limb) but unlike the pectoral girdles, they are jointed with each other at symphysis pubis. Each pelvic girdle is a single bone in adults and is made up of three components: Ileum, Ischium and Pubis. For more details, visit "Hip Bone".

Skeleton of Lower limb: The skeleton of each lower limb consists of 30 bones. These bones are; Femur, Tibia, Patella, Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5), Phalanges (14).Click on the name of any bone for more details.

Functions of human skeleton:

Human skeleton performs some important functions that are necessary for survival of human beings.

1. STRENGTH, SUPPORT AND SHAPE: It gives strength, support and shape to the body. Without a hard and rigid skeletal system, human body cannot stand upright, and it will become just a bag of soft tissues without any proper shape

2. PROTECTION OF DELICATE ORGANS: In areas like the rib cage and skull, the skeleton protects inner soft but vital organs like heart and brain from external shocks. Any damage to these organs can prove fatal, therefore protective function of skeleton is very important

3. LEVERAGE FOR MOVEMENTS: Bones of the human skeleton in all parts of body provide attachment to the muscles. These muscles provide motor power for producing movements of body parts. In these movements the parts of skeleton acts like levers of different types thus producing movements according to the needs of the human body.

4. PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS: Bones like the sternum, and heads of tibia have hemopoeitic activity (blood cells production). These are the sites of production of new blood cells.

Learn Human Skeleton at MANanatomy.com:

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Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of human skeletal system.

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Study Guide:

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Skeletal System for Dummies Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Skeletal System for Dummies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Skeletal System for Dummies Flashcards | Quizlet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Start studying Skeletal System for Dummies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Skeletal System for Dummies Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Skeletal System for Dummies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Can you identify the bones such as
-Femur
-Talus
-Skull
-Rib cage
-Pelvis
-Axial Skeleton
-Apendicular Skeleton

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Now enjoy this meme as an award ♥☻