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Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine, also includes thyrotoxicosis. The disease can run in families and is similar to Grave's disease. This accelerates your body's metabolism and can cause symptoms like weight loss and irregular heartbeat. This disease is life-threatening as the metabolism speeds up and can cause extreme weight loss. This also increases the chance of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality and a chance of an osteoporotic fracture of the femur for those who have had thyrotoxicosis. Overall, this is a life-threating disease that should be taken with serious care.

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Energy Pathways and Metabolic Processes Affected

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Energy Pathways and Metabolic Processes Affected

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Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid. As it makes and releases too much of the thyroid hormone, it increases your metabolism and negatively affect your body’s weight. The thyroid creates hormones to control your body’s energy and how it uses it. This would also affect your heart rate, muscles, and menstrual cycle (for women), as all of these systems use the energy given by the thyroid gland.

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“The thyroid hormones act directly on mitochondria, and thereby control the transformation of the energy derived from oxidations into a form utilizable by the cell.”[1]They also affect protein synthesis and how much energy is transferred through the body. Due to the deficiency of this hormone, it affects the amount of usable energy for the cell, which creates a high output rate and decreases efficiency.

[1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2466600/

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Regarding the society, hyperthyroidism has a decent amount of awareness and many foundations that helps endorse looking for a more ethical, less costly cure.

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Originally, Adolf Magnus-Levy and his partner Carl von Noorden developed the technology to measure metabolism, which is the rate of oxidations in the body. They concluded that both oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production increased, and these abnormalities would go away once cured. Now, we still have not pin-pointed why TH (thyroid hormone) has such an effect on our energy consumption and use, but more effort and time is being put in to find the primary source and why it is happening.

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Of course, the treatment is going to have a strain as it is quite costly. Medicine includes anti-thyroid medicine which would decrease the production of TH. There is a controversial approach to treating the disease as they start with ‘dose titration’ and then attempt ‘block and replace’. When the effectiveness of this method was compared to another, there was no obvious difference. The only disagreement was the cost, which was $161.09 US, which is much costlier compared to the other form of treatment. As well, there is no funding going towards the cause as it is not a popular disease.

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The long-term effects of this disease depend on the style of treatment used to cure it. Patients taking the cheaper treatment (Carbimazole pills) will need to take them for the rest of their lives and will have to take annual blood test to ensure they continue to use the correct dose. There is a risk of heart dysfunction, increased heart rate and increased metabolic state. It can also lead to osteoporosis due to the strain on the bones during the disease.

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Some of the short-term effects include:

-       Increased heart beat and blood pressure

-       Nervousness

-       Irritability

-       Inability to relax

-       Fatigue
- Bulging red eyes

-       Sweating

-       Increased weight loss

-       Insomnia

These symptoms and short-term effects last throughout the disease until treated. This also includes signs to hyperthyroidism or similar thyroid diseases.

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https://reliawire.com/hyperthyroidism-metabolism/

https://familydoctor.org/condition/hyperthyroidism/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3933863

http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0028/ea0028p102

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659

http://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/hyperthyroidism/