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Breathing rate is primarily regulated by neural and chemical control, respiration is controlled by impulsive neural discharge from the brain to the nerves that innervate respiration muscles. the primary respiratory muscles is the diaphragm, the rate at which the nerve discharges is influenced by the concentration of oxygen carbon dioxide and the acidity of the blood.

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Chemical-The chemo receptors will detect carbon dioxide in our bodies which will then send a message or signal to our brain to expire and inhale  more oxygen.

Neural- the medulla oblongata which is found in the centre of the brain, will send nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles which will then control our breathing.

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During heavy exercise your breathing rate increases greatly where as compared to light exercise, the breathing rate is fairly stable.

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exercise causes an increase in tidal volume because your requirements for oxygen go up. And increase in tidal volume is necessary to effectively meet your body's increase of oxygen requirements as an increase in your rate of respiration alone is not enough.

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Your heart speeds up to pump extra food and oxygen to the muscles. Breathing speeds up to get more oxygen and to get rid of more carbon dioxide. For example, when an athlete exercises the pulse rate, breathing rate and lactic acid levels rise much less than they do in an unfit person.

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Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied. With acute exercise it will increase in order to get more blood and o2 to the working muscles.

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need to get rid of co2 from body quickly

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Chemical control-a lot of different receptors are used in this section. Chemoreceptor’s which measure the acidity within the blood, the hering-breuer reflex which stretches the lungs when breathing, proprio-receptors and the thermal-receptors these all send messages to the medulla oblongata ( the nervous system) which is possibly the most important part of the brain as it regulates breathing and the heart rate. This determines how quick/slowly you breathe, during exercise your breathing increases as you need more oxygen for your muscles to create ATP.

Neural control- the diaphragm and the intercostals muscles are all skeletal muscles, so they cannot contract unless stimulated. The nerves that are responsible for receiving the impulses from the medulla are located in the spinal cord. When stimulated they motor neurons cause inspiration but once the neurons stop, the inspiratory muscles stop and relax, causing expiration.

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Tidal volume is the lung volume which represents the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when no extra effort is applied. In a healthy person the tidal volume is approximately 500ml per inspiration.

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increase in breathing rate-
when exercise begins there is an immediate increase in breathing rate. this is a result of of receptors working in both the muscles and joints detecting by products.

Tidal volume is the amount of air held in the lungs. the amount of air breathed out in and out in each breath. During exercise tidal volumes increase to allow more oxygen to reach the muscles that need the oxygen and to have a supply of oxygen in the blood to be used.

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increase in breathing rate due to cardio-vascular drift
nerual control is from the mundulla oblongata to the sa node to the av node.
chemical.
tidal volume per breath increases .
thermo recptors:heat
chemo receptors:
barrow receptors:
proprio receptors: