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Absolute location shows exactly where a place is on Earth. The capital of Australia, Canberra is located at 35 degrees south latitude and 149 degrees east longitude. But relative location is where a place is compared to other places.

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Australia first people were called Aborigines. But a man named James Cook discovered Australia in 1770 while exploring the South Pacific. The government started using Australia for a prison colony in 1783. More than 160,000 convict were sent there until the whole thing stopped in 1868. Little people came to Australia until there was it was established that there was gold. The Aborigines got pushed off their land and died. Then in 1901, Australia gained their independence.

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33.4 New Relationships with Near Neighbors  

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33.4 New Relationships with Near Neighbors  

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After gaining their independence. They made a policy to keep blacks from entering the country. But this policy ended in 1970 and opened its doors to all immigrants and most of the immigrants came from Asia. They were trade partners with Britain. But now Japan is the biggest trade partner in Australia.

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Seasons in Australia are the opposite of the seasons in the US. When it is the warm in Australia, a lot of people come from the northern hemisphere because it is cold at the time there. Also other countries such as the US and Japan import flowers and fruits that can not be grown at the time because of the season and vise versa.

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Australia is far from other countries in the world. Australia is also very arid. There was a theory was  based on ideas from Alfred Wegener that 200 million years ago, all the continents were joined to become a supercontinent called Pangaea. But still continents are still drifting less than 1 inch a year. Australia also became a colony of Britian and they brought animals and plants to Australia. But these species grew fast due to lack of predators. But these exotic species fought for food and territory and caused endangered and threatened species.

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There are a lot of animals with unique characteristics in Australia. Australia was separated from other plants and animals a very long time ago. Early settlers brought plants and animals that multiplied and took over native species territory and made some species go extinct.

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Ozone keeps ultraviolet rays from reaching Earth. The layer of ozone has decreased in Australia and Antarctica. The loss of the ozone in Australia is caused by chemicals called chloro-fluorocarbons. This has caused major health problems such as eye disease and skin cancer.

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What is Ozone Layer? - Environmental Science for Kids | Educational Videos by Mocomi