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﻿﻿Some individuals, called resocializers, quietly assimilate back into their old routines and behaviors. They may choose to suppress their newly acquired cultural perspectives and skills, storing away their experiences like memories in social media albums they avoid revisiting-because doing so can cause identity dissonance or discomfort.

﻿﻿Others, known as alienators, feel they can never truly reintegrate. Home no longer feels like home. They prefer being abroad and often pursue more international experiences. Alienators tend to feel more alive, comfortable, and engaged in foreign cultures and may eventually become global nomads—identifying more with the global community than with any one nation.

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After struggling with confusion, misunderstandings, or feelings of isolation, they start to gain confidence.

Reframe mistakes as learning experiences.

They are less judgmental and more realistic about cultural differences.

Form friendships and social networks.

Adapting to workplace norms, or learning a new language or custom.

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sojourners experience major emotional upheavals.

They face a major loss of self-esteem and self-confidence.

They often feel emotionally drained and overwhelmed.

They experience intense communication stressors in many aspects of their lives.

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This phase is characterized by a sense of relief and a more positive outlook after overcoming the initial challenges of culture shock. 

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This phase is characterized by a sense of relief and a more positive outlook after overcoming the initial challenges of culture shock. 

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A person returns to their home cultures that may experience reverse culture shock

Reverse culture shock is the feeling of of disorientation, confusion, and sometimes even distress that can occur when returning home after living abroad for a significant period.

Reverse culture shock may occur because the person spend a long period time overseas. They may grow more accustomed to the local norms than what they experienced at home. For instance, it is a local custom to remove one’s shoes before entering a residence in numerous cultures.

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• Occurs right before returning home

• Involves mixed emotions: excitement and anxiety

• Caused by personal growth abroad and fear of change or sameness at home

• Individual may feel misunderstood or disconnected from home culture

• Leads to emotional tension and uncertainty about reintegration.

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Sojourners begin to laugh at their cultural mistakes.

Develop a more light-hearted and objective view of themselves and their experiences.

Recognize both the pros and cons of their home and host cultures.

Build resilience and maturity.

Make progress in achieving instrumental goals

Begin forming new friendships and social networks.

Gain the ability to look at their own behavior objectively

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Reentry culture shock stage is happens when someone returns to their home culture after spending time living abroad but may feel strange or stressful.

Expectation vs. Reality

Boredom or Frustration

Change in Identity

Eg. Student returns from studying abroad. At first, they are excited to see their family, eat home-cooked food, and speak Vietnamese again. But soon, they feel frustrated when their friends don’t understand their new perspectives. They also miss the freedom and pace of oversea life.

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This stage represents the moment that individuals begins to feel more comfortable and intergrated into host culture

Characteristics :

Sojourners experience a sense of stability in their personal identity

Experience cultural inclususion : feeling of belonging, as individuals participate more fully in the social and cultural life of the host community.

Daily interactions become more natural and less stressful, indicating a high level of sociocultural competence.

The emotional in this stage is more balance, they feel more confidence

=> This stage is signifies a successful adaptation stage, where the sojourner not only navigates the host culture effectively but also feels an emotional

Example :

Mia is a university student from Vietnam, moved to Japan for a one-year exchange program. At first, she experienced the typical ups and downs—enjoying the excitement of the honeymoon phase, then facing frustration with the language barrier and cultural differences.

Then after 6 months:

Mia speaks conversational Japanese confidently and understands local humor.

She joins a student club, makes close friends, and is invited to social events

She uses public transport easily, knows the etiquette for dining and gift-giving

She feels calm and content, no longer missing home intensely

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excited about new cultural environment.

everything appears fresh and exhilarating.

Sojourners perceive people and events through pleasantly rose-colored glasses.

experience mild bewilderment

may experience bursts of loneliness and homesickness.

be cognitively curious about the new culture.

enjoying their initial “friendly” contacts

with the locals.

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people are excited about new cultural environment

everything appears fresh and exhilarating

sojourner perceive people and events through pleasantly tinted

sometimes, experience bursts and loneliness and homesickness

may not completely understand the verbal and nonverbal

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Occur rapidly right after the glow of honeymoon

Emotional upheavals

Consciously incompetent

Loss of self-esteem and self-confidence

Aggressive/hostile or totally withdrawn

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A phase of adaptation where individuals feel comfortable and integrate into the new culture

Examples:

Make friends

Incorporate cultural nuances

Tradition participation

Be comfortable with local language

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Sojourners perceive people and events through pleasantly rose-colored glasses.

They do experience slight confusion and bewilderment about the new culture.