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Image from Queqiao (The Relay Satellite) showing NCLE stowed Antenna

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Image from Queqiao (The Relay Satellite) showing NCLE stowed Antenna

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Below is the amazing picture from Queqiao satellite showing NCLE s Antenna, the Earth, and far side of the Moon! Queqiao is in a halo orbit at L2 Lagrange point 65,000-80,000 beyond the Moon.

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NCLE and Queqiao arrived at the L2 operational orbit

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NCLE and Queqiao arrived at the L2 operational orbit

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NCLE onboard Queqiao satellite has successfully arrived at the L2 operational orbit around 3am (UT). This is a halo orbit around an imaginary point 60000 km behind the moon.

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NCLE did pass by the Moon on Friday May 25th

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NCLE did pass by the Moon on Friday May 25th

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On Friday May 25th around 15:45 local time it was confirmed that NCLE onboard the Chinese Queqiao satellite did pass by Moon within 100 km of the surface and now it is on its way to Earth-Moon L2, which may take a few weeks.

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De eerste Nederlandse maanmissie: Interview met Dr. Klein-Wolt van Radboud Radio Lab (in Dutch)

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De eerste Nederlandse maanmissie: Interview met Dr. Klein-Wolt van Radboud Radio Lab (in Dutch)

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Marc Klein Wolt over de eerste Nederlandse maanmissie (Lyanne Ederveen.mp3

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Marc Klein Wolt over de eerste Nederlandse maanmissie (Lyanne Ederveen.mp3

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China launches satellite to explore far side of moon

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De satelliet is los van de raket en nu onderweg naar de maan. Het is nu afwachten tot we contact kunnen maken en onze elektronica kunnen inschakelen.

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Zojuist live video gezien van de lancering. Alles lijkt er goed uit te zien.

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Confirmed: Queqiao Launch time is updated 23:28 CEST / 5:28 Beijing time

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Confirmed: Queqiao Launch time is updated 23:28 CEST / 5:28 Beijing time

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The NCLE team in China need to follow standard procedure. It therefore exists embargo on launch information. We will inform you once we receive more updates from launch site. 

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The NCLE team in China need to follow standard procedure. It therefore exists embargo on launch information. We will inform you once we receive more updates from launch site. 

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A summary of all Chang'e Missions (English subtitle). 

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A summary of all Chang'e Missions (English subtitle). 

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Credits for China's Lunar and Deep Space Exploration Program (CLEP). Thanks to Quan-Zhi Ye (twitter @ztfsurvey).

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探月之旅 嫦娥系列探测器探月任务动画全解读 必看！

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探月之旅 嫦娥系列探测器探月任务动画全解读 必看！_腾讯视频

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探月之旅 嫦娥系列探测器探月任务动画全解读 必看！

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T-1hr40 min. The team in China is heading to the launch site.

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NCLE in Space: Most exciting radio broadcast ever. 

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NCLE in Space: Most exciting radio broadcast ever. 

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NCLE mission broadcast by Dutch TV Omroep gelderland.

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De radio-ontvanger werd ontwikkeld door Falcke en zijn team. Hij vergelijkt het met een autoradio. Falcke: 'Elon Musk heeft een hele auto de ruimte in gestuurd met een autoradio. Helaas staat die niet aan, die ontvangt niks. Dus wij moeten gewoon de autoradio zelfstandig daar omhoog sturen om zelf daar iets te kunnen ontvangen.'

Gezicht van de maan

Voor Nederlandse wetenschappers is het kostbaar om de relatief kleine ontvanger naar het heelal te brengen. Dankzij een handelsdelegatie werden contacten gelegd in China. Daardoor kan de Nijmeegse apparatuur na tien jaar wachten naar de ruimte.

Maar wat gaat die ontvanger precies doen?

'De maan heeft een gezicht', doceert Falcke aan de hand van een kruik uit zijn geboorteplaats in Duitsland. 'En wat je ziet is dat die altijd van dezelfde kant naar de aarde kijkt. Dus je ziet altijd de voorkant en nooit de achterkant. Mensen noemen het soms the dark side of the moon.' Hoewel dat laatste niet helemaal opgaat, want de zon schijnt ook regelmatig op de achterkant van de maan.
Foto: Omroep Gelderland
Meer kennis over 'dag één van de schepping'

Donker is het daar dus niet, maar wel lekker rustig. Er is geen storing van aardse signalen en daarom kan je er volgens Falcke 'fantastisch wetenschap doen', precies wat de hoogleraar radioastronomie en astrodeeltjesfysica graag doet.

In dit geval onderzoek naar de oerknal, van waaruit alles in het heelal zou zijn ontstaan. Of eigenlijk naar de 'nagalm' ervan, want de oerknal zou 13,8 miljard jaar geleden hebben plaatsgevonden.

Nog altijd zijn er radiogolven van die 'big bang' waar te nemen. Die signalen kunnen Falcke meer vertellen over het 'embryonale stadium' van het heelal. Of zoals de gelovige professor het noemt: dag één van de schepping.

Luisteren naar de oerknal

Op 60.000 kilometer van de maan zullen drie antennes van fiberglas zich langzaam ontrollen als een soort meetlinten van elk vijf meter. Vervolgens moet de apparatuur gekalibreerd worden en dan kan het 'luisteren' naar de oerknal beginnen.

Falcke: 'Na de lancering gaan we alleen maar ruis horen, maar voor ons is dat dan wel de meest spannende radio-uitzending waar we ooit naar hebben geluisterd.'

Of de lancering doorgaat, is nog even afwachten. Het hangt onder meer af van de weersomstandigheden in China.
De drie antennes die zich in de ruimte ontrollen - Foto: Omroep Gelderland Heeft u opmerkingen of aanvullingen op dit bericht? Mail dan met de redactie: omroep@gld.nl

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Nijmeegse apparatuur met Chinese raket de ruimte in: 'Spannendste radio-uitzending ooit'

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Het is een spannende dag voor professor Heino Falcke van de Nijmeegse Radboud Universiteit. Om 23.00 uur Nederlandse tijd wordt er in China een raket gelanceerd met een radio-ontvanger uit Nijmegen aan boord. Die ontvanger gaat onderzoek doen naar het ontstaan van de aarde.

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NCLE consists of three 5-meter long monopoles antennas that are mounted on the Queqiao satellite, and will be sensitive in the 80 kHz - 80 MHz frequency range.

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Electronic Systems Group of Eindhoven University of Technology and Radboud Radio Lab had an extensive collaboration during the design of NCLE digital receiver system. Dr. Hamid R. Pourshaghaghi and Dr. Roel Jordans are two joint staff members working in both institutes.   

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Electronic Systems Group of Eindhoven University of Technology and Radboud Radio Lab had an extensive collaboration during the design of NCLE digital receiver system. Dr. Hamid R. Pourshaghaghi and Dr. Roel Jordans are two joint staff members working in both institutes.   

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"Here's what you need to know about China's Chang'e-4 relay satellite launch" by Andrew Jones from gbtimes. 

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"Here's what you need to know about China's Chang'e-4 relay satellite launch" by Andrew Jones from gbtimes. 

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China is preparing to launch its Chang'e-4 relay satellite into an orbit beyond the Moon late on May 20, or later on in the three-day launch window.

The mission is the first of two launches that aim to bring about the first-ever landing on the far side of the Moon. Here's what need to know about its job, astronomy goals, orbit and more.

Communications for lunar far side landing

The Chang'e-4 relay satellite, named Queqiao ('magpie bridge'), is a precursor to an unprecedented attempt to soft-land on the lunar far side in late 2018, when a lander and rover will be send to the Moon.

As the far side of the Moon never faces the Earth, the communications relay needs to be in place in order to facilitate the sending of commands from the Earth to the spacecraft on the Moon, and getting data and telemetry back from the lander and rover down to waiting ground stations.

This is the main role of the 425 kg spacecraft, developed by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), which is being sent into position around six months before the landing mission in order to test and verify is functions.

Earth-Moon Lagrange point orbit

To be able to do this, the relay satellite needs to have a line of sight to both ground stations on Earth and the Chang'e-4 lander and rover simultaneously.

To achieve this, the relay satellite will take advantage of a gravitationally stable point, called a Langrange Point, that will allow it to remain in a stable orbit with respect to the Earth and Moon.

By orbiting in a halo (or sometimes Lissajous) around the second Earth-Moon Langranian point, between 65,000 and 80,000 km beyond the Moon, the relay satellite will be able to stay visible to the ground and far side of the Moon, using S-band and X-band frequencies for communications.

The spacecraft is expected to reach E-M L2 around 8-9 days after launch, following a lunar swing-by.

Pioneering astronomy and cosmic dark ages

The satellite will, along with its communications role, also carry a radio antenna to carry out low frequency astronomy which is not possible on Earth, with frequencies below 30 MHz blocked by the atmosphere.

The Netherlands-China Low-Frequency Explorer ( NCLE) was developed by Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) and Dutch company Innovative Solutions In Space (ISIS), and integrated with the relay satellite in April.

Marc Klein Wolt of Radboud University and NCLE project leader says the experiment will begin after lander and rover operations, sometime in 2019. Once the antenna is deployed it will open a new window on the universe with unprecedented observations and set the stage for future missions.

Beginning with observations of solar activity and Jupiter emissions and aurora to establish the solar system baseline - or background radio environment - it will then attempt to detect the faint, redshifted signals from after the Big Bang when the first stars were beginning to form.

As this is a pathfinder mission, Klein Wolt says he hopes to, "get enough time and have our instrument sufficiently calibrated that we can put some constraints on the signal from the cosmic Dark Ages."

Asked if NCLE could also - despite not being a science objective for the team - contribute to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), Klein Wolt says that, "In principle it could, as we are opening a new window on the universe, but I'm not expecting to find ET."

Queqiao - Magpie Bridge

The name for the relay satellite, Queqiao - or magpie bridge - comes from a Chinese myth and was announced late last month at an event marking China's third Space Day.

The name comes from the Chinese myth and love story of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd. Separated by the Silver River, which symbolises the Milky Way, the lovers are reunited for one day each year by a bridge formed by a flock of magpies - Queqiao (鹊桥) - allowing them to cross the heavens.

Piggybacking microsatellites

Also along for the Long March 4C ride from Xichang to the Moon will be two microsatellites developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT).

Named Longjiang-1 and Longjiang-2 (meaning 'river dragon'), the 45-kg, 50x50x40-cm sats will not follow the relay satellite to the Lagrange point, but instead operate in a highly elliptical orbit around the Moon (300 x 9,000 km).

There, the pair, using 1-metre antennas, will test low frequency radio astronomy and space-based interferometry, as well as amateur radio activities. It will also carry a small optical camera developed by Saudi Arabia.

The size of the satellites and need for fuel for propulsion means they will operate for only 10 minutes at a time for observation, followed by 20 minutes for data transmission. The aim is technical verification for future missions.

Chang'e-3 backup

The lander and rover for the Chang'e-4 mission were originally manufactured at the same time as the Chang'e-3 spacecraft, which landed on the Moon in late 2013, in order to provide a backup mission in case of launch failure or other issues.

These spacecraft, totalling near 4,000 kg, have now been repurposed for objectives on the lunar far side, and have recently been progressing through space environment tests.

Cameras on Chang'e-3 returned astounding images from Mare Imbrium, and the same is hoped for Chang'e-4. Chang'e-3 made a number of discoveries with its instruments, including multiple distinct layers beneath the surface, suggesting the Moon has a more complex geological history than previously thought.

The landing - Von Kármán crater?

China has finalised, but not officially announced, the site for the Chang'e-4 landing. Candidates have been stated to be within the Von Kármán impact crater within the South Pole-Aitken Basin.

Ian Crawford, professor of planetary science and astrobiology at Birkbeck University of London, told gbtimes.com in 2016 that a successful landing would be an, "enormously significant event in the history of space exploration, in the exploration of the Moon, and a tremendous boost for lunar science."

Crawford explains that the 2,500 kilometre diameter and roughly 13-kilometre-deep impact crater is an intriguing site, which could tell us more about the deep interior of the Moon than any other landing site so far.

Launch - live?

Latest indications are that the Long March 4C carrying the relay satellite will launch around 21:00 UTC on Sunday, May 20 (17:00 EDT; 05:00 Beijing time May 21), weather permitting. Radboud University has a countdown timer to launch here.

China has previously provided live footage of its lunar missions, but there is no word yet on possibilities for this launch. Check here for updates.

The European Space Agency provided ground station support for Chang'e-3 and other Chinese lunar missions, but Chang'e-4 will rely solely on Chinese facilities, thanks in part to a new, 35m-diameter parabolic antenna in Argentina.

Yuanwang space tracking ships are also in position ready in the Pacific, ready to observe the rocket's trajectory and providing survey and control capabilities as it heads to orbit.

Chinese lunar exploration past and future

Chang'e-4 will be China's fifth mission, following two orbiters (Chang'e-1 and 2), the 2013 Chang'e-3 lander and rover, and a 2014 test mission.

This last mission, the Chang'e-5 T1 mission to test reentry on return from the Moon in preparation for a sample return missions, gave hints that China was considering a lunar far side landing. These clues were picked up on and reported by Emily Lakdawalla of the Planetary Society.

China is also preparing for a (delayed) sample return mission, Chang'e-5, in 2019, and is developing a plan for expanding its lunar exploration programme, with the lunar south pole expected to be the main target.
For latest news and developments on the mission, see our feature on China's Chang'e-4 mission to the far side of the Moon
Andrew Jones covers the growing Chinese space programme, including exploration, space science, politics, launches, human spaceflight and more.

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Here's what you need to know about China's Chang'e-4 relay satellite launch

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China is preparing to launch its Chang'e-4 relay satellite into an orbit beyond the Moon late on May 20, or later on in the three-day launch window. The mission is the first of two launches that aim to bring about the first-ever landing on the far side of the Moon.

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NCLE instrument onboard Queqiao Satellite will be launched by Rocket Long-March 4C. 

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NCLE instrument onboard Queqiao Satellite will be launched by Rocket Long-March 4C. 

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From ScieNews: Long March-4C launch vehicle launched the Gaofen-5 satellite from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi Province, north China, on 8 May 2018, at 18:28 UTC (9 May, 02:28 local time). Gaofen-5 is a hyperspectral imaging satellite, the first China-made satellite capable of monitoring air pollution. Gaofen-6 will be launched later this year to form a constellation with other Gaofen satellites in orbit.
Here is the video of Gaofen-5 launched by Long March 4-C rocket. Credits:ScieNews

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"China’s moon mission will probe cosmic dark ages", a nice article in Science about NCLE  ... 

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"China’s moon mission will probe cosmic dark ages", a nice article in Science about NCLE  ... 

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On 21 May, China plans to launch a satellite with a vital but unglamorous mission. From a vantage point beyond the moon, Queqiao, as the satellite is called, will relay data from Chang'e 4, a lander and rover that is supposed to touch down on the lunar far side before the end of the year. But a Dutch-made radio receiver aboard Queqiao will attempt something more visionary. In the quiet lunar environment, it will listen to the cosmos at low frequencies that carry clues to the time a few hundred million years after the big bang, when clouds of hydrogen gas were spawning the universe's first stars.

The mission is a proof of principle for other efforts to take radio astronomy above the atmosphere, which blocks key radio frequencies, and far from earthly interference. "Putting the whole show into space is extremely appealing," says Michael Hecht of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Haystack Observatory in Westford, whose team is also developing small radio satellites that could be used to probe the cosmos. For Europe's astronomers, it is also a test of cooperation with China, something their U.S. counterparts at NASA are barred from doing.

The Netherlands-China Low-Frequency Explorer (NCLE) project stems from a 2015 Dutch trade mission to China, during which the two countries agreed to collaborate on space missions. The Netherlands is strong in radio astronomy: Its Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) stretches across much of northern Europe. NCLE Principal Investigator Heino Falcke, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, has long advocated a "LOFAR on the moon." China has an ambitious program of moon missions, so he jumped at the chance to take a first step. "We put together a proposal in 2 weeks," he says. Once funded, the team had just 1.5 years to build the instrument. "Half of the experiment is how you work together" Falcke says. Jinsong Ping of the National Astronomical Observatories of China in Beijing, who leads the Chinese team working on the NCLE, agrees: "It is really challenging both sides. ... Different culture, habit, language, working manner."

To see back into the dark age before the first stars, astronomers look for a signal emitted when electrons in the primordial neutral hydrogen gas spontaneously flipped their orientation. These photons started out with short radio wavelengths, but over their more than 13-billion-year journey to Earth, the universe's expansion stretched them out to long wavelengths, or low megahertz frequencies. After the gas clumped together to form the first stars, their radiation ionized the neutral gas and eventually snuffed out the faint signal.

Telescopes such as the LOFAR aim to detect the ancient signal and use it to map the distribution of primordial matter. But the signal is hard to discern in the maelstrom of radio noise from terrestrial sources and other objects across the universe. Only one detector, the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature, a set of ground-based antennas in Australia, has so far claimed a detection.

Queqiao, orbiting a gravitational balance point beyond the moon called L2, will offer a quieter vantage. In order to relay signals from the moon to Earth, the satellite can't be completely in the moon's shadow, which means that Earth noise could still be a problem, says Jack Burns, an astronomer at the University of Colorado in Boulder who has long campaigned for a lunar radio observatory. Burns adds that the spacecraft itself will also be a source of interference. But by testing hardware in space, the NCLE "will set the stage for other missions."

Once Queqiao arrives at L2, the NCLE will wait its turn until after the Chang'e 4 lander has achieved its main mission: exploring the South Pole-Aitken Basin, a huge far side depression. Then, around March 2019, the instrument will unspool three 2-meter-long carbon-fiber antennas, each at right angles to the others.

Because Earth's atmosphere blocks all radio signals below 30 megahertz, the data will delight a range of astronomers. Falcke says the team will study solar flares, the aurora of Jupiter, and the galaxy's radio emissions. "There's nothing as good as having real data," he says. The dark age signal is a long shot, he admits. Realistically, the mission is about "gaining expertise to build a follow-up."

The Chinese NCLE team has its own plans. It has placed basic receivers on the Chang'e 4 lander and two microsatellites that Queqiao will release into lunar orbit to study solar radio bursts. Ping says his team will also try to combine signals received by the NCLE with those taken by earthbound detectors-a technique known as interferometry, which can improve resolution. "It is a demonstration," he says. It could show that, once detectors are sensitive enough, interferometry could help them map the newborn universe.

Burns and his colleagues are working on a proposal for a small satellite called the Dark Ages Polarimetry Pathfinder, which he says will be more sensitive to the dark age signal. But eventually, he wants to see an observatory on the lunar far side, deep with the moon's radio quiet shadow. He predicts a NASA-funded low-frequency telescope in the next 5 years. "There's great interest in the far side."

doi:10.1126/science.aau2004

Daniel is Science 's senior correspondent in the United Kingdom, covering astronomy, physics, and energy stories as well as European policy.

More from News

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China's moon mission will probe cosmic dark ages

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On 21 May, China plans to launch a satellite with a vital but unglamorous mission. From a vantage point beyond the moon, Queqiao, as the satellite is called, will relay data from Chang'e 4, a lander and rover that is supposed to touch down on the lunar far side before the end of the year.

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The team of NCLE are about to get into the flight to China to participate in the launch campaign. Here is a short update by Marc Klein Wolt at Amsterdam airport .. (this time in Dutch!) stay tuned ..

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The team of NCLE are about to get into the flight to China to participate in the launch campaign. Here is a short update by Marc Klein Wolt at Amsterdam airport .. (this time in Dutch!) stay tuned ..

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Article about NCLE in engineers-online (in Dutch)

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Article about NCLE in engineers-online (in Dutch)

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Volgende week wordt een Nederlandse radioantenne op een Chinese satelliet gelanceerd naar de achterkant van de maan. Het gaat om een radioantenne die speciaal is gemaakt om de zwakke radiosignalen uit het heel vroege heelal te detecteren.

De NCLE-antennes gemaakt zijn volgens een nieuw concept. Albert-Jan Boonstra, projectleider van Astron: "De radio ontvanger gaat het universum bestuderen in een frequentiegebied (frequenties < 30 MHz) dat vanaf de aarde slecht of helemaal niet waarneembaar is, doordat de aardse ionosfeer de radiogolven niet doorlaat en omdat er op de aarde teveel interferentie is van aardse zenders. Een plek achter de maan is dus een ideale plek."

De Chinese communicatiesatelliet zal achter / 'aan de rand' van de maan gaan hangen om een link te vormen tussen de aarde en een Chinese maanlander die eind van dit jaar of begin volgend jaar gelanceerd wordt.

Zwerm superkleine satellieten

Boonstra: "De ontvanger bijzonder omdat:

(a) dit de eerste ontvanger is die radio astronomische waarnemingen gaat doen in de ruimte

(b) het een unieke samenwerking is met de Chinezen op het wetenschappelijk radioastronomie gebied

(c) de ontvanger erg breedbandig is; andere ontvangers hebben veel smallere banden (en richten zich niet op radio astronomie, maar op plasma onderzoek)

(d) er veel aandacht is besteed aan de lineariteit van het systeem en aan EMC. Doordat het systeem breedbandig is, is het veel gevoeliger voor sterke signalen, maar dat probleem hebben we opgelost door (I) differentieel te meten, (II) ontwerp en componenten zorgvuldig uit te voeren, (III) de versterkers flexibel instelbaar te maken, (IV) de mogelijkheid in te bouwen in de geproduceerde data achteraf nog te filteren, (V) aandacht te besteden aan interne filters en 'dozen van Faraday' toe te passen, en (VI) interferentie metingen te doen aan de Chinese systemen

(e) we unieke 5 meter lange monopool-antennes gebouwd hebben. Er zijn maar een paar bedrijven in de wereld die dit kunnen. Door dit project kan het bedrijf Isis (Delft) dit nu

(f) het een eerste stap is naar een hele grote zwerm superkleine satellieten die in de toekomst detailonderzoek gaat doen naar de fase van het heelal waarin de eerste sterren zich gingen vormen."

Nederland-China

De Netherlands Chinese Low-Frequency Explorer (NCLE) is gebouwd door een team van wetenschappers en ingenieurs van het Nederlands instituut voor radioastronomie Astron, het radiolab van de Radboud Universiteit, en het Delftse bedrijf Isis.

De Nederlandse ruimtevaartorganisatie NSO tekende in 2016 een overeenkomst met de Chinese ruimtevaartorganisatie CNSA voor dit project, als invulling van een Memorandum of Understanding dat een jaar eerder was afgesloten in aanwezigheid van de Chinese president Xi Jinping en koning Willem Alexander. "Partijen uit beide landen hebben hard aan NCLE gewerkt. In korte tijd is een instrument gebouwd van hoog niveau. De samenwerking aan de NCLE hebben onderzoekers, instrumentenmakers en wetenschappers uit beide landen dichter bij elkaar gebracht", besluit Harry Förster van het NSO.

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bijzondere nl antenne op chinese satelliet mee naar de maan

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Bijzondere NL antenne op Chinese satelliet mee naar de maan

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Volgende week wordt een Nederlandse radioantenne op een Chinese satelliet gelanceerd naar de achterkant van de maan. Het gaat om een radioantenne die speciaal is gemaakt om de zwakke radiosignalen uit het heel vroege heelal te detecteren. De NCLE-antennes gemaakt zijn volgens een nieuw concept.