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Show Clips: Fences Starring Denzel Washington

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See clips of Denzel Washington in August Wilson's 'Fences'

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The Negro Leagues: Baseball, America, and Segregation - YouTube

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The Negro Leagues: Baseball, America, and Segregation - YouTube

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The Negro Leagues: Baseball, America, and Segregation

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A traveling exhibit exploring the history of Negro Leagues Baseball came to Bucknell University in October of 2011, kicking off a series of events exploring America's pastime during the era of segregation.

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Negro Baseball league
Negro Baseball league
 The Negro League: Segregated Baseball
The Negro League: Segregated Baseball
The Negro Baseball League was founded in 1920 when African Americans were excluded from professional teams. Baseball integration started in 1947, when Jackie Robinson became the first African American player to enter the major leagues.
nbc news
August Wilson’s Pittsbur
 
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 August Wilson's Pittsburgh
August Wilson's Pittsburgh
Denzel Washington's filming of "Fences," the Pulitzer-Prize winning play by August Wilson, has once again put Pittsburgh on the cultural map. As well it ...
pittsburgh post-gazette
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959
 civil-rights-movement-timeline-1951-to-1959-45418
civil-rights-movement-timeline-1951-to-1959-45418
www.thoughtco.com
Satchel Paige article
Satchel Paige article
The article you read for homework
 Before Jackie: How Strikeout King Satchel Paige Struck Down Jim Crow
Before Jackie: How Strikeout King Satchel Paige Struck Down Jim Crow
by Larry Tye Satchel Paige was pitching in the Negro Leagues in California when he got the news he had been anticipating for two decades. Brooklyn Dodgers president Branch Rickey had just signed a Negro to a big-league contract-the first Negro in modern times.
gilderlehrman
Negro Baseball League Videos
Negro Baseball League Videos
Collection of video clips from the MLB
 Negro Leagues Video
Negro Leagues Video
major league baseball
Satchel Paige
Satchel Paige
Website
 The Official Satchel Paige Home Page
The Official Satchel Paige Home Page
The offical web site of Satchel Paige. One of the all time great baseball players of American history, with highlights such as his long career in the game, the oldest rookie, his fast pitching style, and being inducted into the Major League Hall of Fame.
satchelpaige
Performance Clips
Performance Clips
Denzel Washington as Troy
http://www.broadway.com/videos/151292/show-clips-fences-starring-denzel-washington/
Civil Rights in the 1950's
Civil Rights in the 1950's
Website
 50sCVTimeline.htm
50sCVTimeline.htm
afroamhistory.about.com
Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Reference
 Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
Most everyone knows that Jackie Robinson was the first African-American to play major league baseball during the modern era. Suprisingly, few people have given much thought to how Robinson came to the attention of major league scouts, where he played before signing with the Dodgers, or just what the nature of baseball in the black community might have been before professional baseball's integration.
negroleaguebaseball
August Wilson
August Wilson
Biography
 August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography
August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography
The Theater of August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright, your guide to August Wilson plays. Are you looking for the August Wilson Theatre, Broadway, New York currently showing the smash hit musical - Jersey Boys!
august-wilson-theatre
Library of Congress Interview
Library of Congress Interview
Branch Ricky interview
 Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s
Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s
1955?] (Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Branch Rickey Papers) This excerpt covers Branch Rickey's ideas about his role in breaking the color line in baseball, some of why and how he did it, and his expectation that all leagues will be integrated in 1956.
the library of congress
NY Times Article
NY Times Article
Article
 Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball
Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball
Jackie Robinson, 28-year-old infielder, yesterday became the first Negro to achieve major-league baseball status in modern times. His contract was purchased from the Montreal Royals of the International League by the Dodgers and he will be in Brooklyn uniform at Ebbets Field today, when the Brooks oppose the Yankees in the first of three exhibition games over the week-end.
nytimes
Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Video
 Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Raymond Cherry recounts his days playing for the Indianapolis Clowns. Produced/edited by me. Co-produced by Pixie Curry. Videographer Bernard Wooden.
vimeo
 add
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 August Wilson's Pittsburgh
August Wilson's Pittsburgh
Denzel Washington's filming of "Fences," the Pulitzer-Prize winning play by August Wilson, has once again put Pittsburgh on the cultural map. As well it ...
pittsburgh post-gazette
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959
 civil-rights-movement-timeline-1951-to-1959-45418
civil-rights-movement-timeline-1951-to-1959-45418
www.thoughtco.com
Satchel Paige article
Satchel Paige article
The article you read for homework
 Before Jackie: How Strikeout King Satchel Paige Struck Down Jim Crow
Before Jackie: How Strikeout King Satchel Paige Struck Down Jim Crow
by Larry Tye Satchel Paige was pitching in the Negro Leagues in California when he got the news he had been anticipating for two decades. Brooklyn Dodgers president Branch Rickey had just signed a Negro to a big-league contract-the first Negro in modern times.
gilderlehrman
Negro Baseball League Videos
Negro Baseball League Videos
Collection of video clips from the MLB
 Negro Leagues Video
Negro Leagues Video
major league baseball
Satchel Paige
Satchel Paige
Website
 The Official Satchel Paige Home Page
The Official Satchel Paige Home Page
The offical web site of Satchel Paige. One of the all time great baseball players of American history, with highlights such as his long career in the game, the oldest rookie, his fast pitching style, and being inducted into the Major League Hall of Fame.
satchelpaige
Performance Clips
Performance Clips
Denzel Washington as Troy
http://www.broadway.com/videos/151292/show-clips-fences-starring-denzel-washington/
Civil Rights in the 1950's
Civil Rights in the 1950's
Website
 50sCVTimeline.htm
50sCVTimeline.htm
afroamhistory.about.com
Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Reference
 Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
Most everyone knows that Jackie Robinson was the first African-American to play major league baseball during the modern era. Suprisingly, few people have given much thought to how Robinson came to the attention of major league scouts, where he played before signing with the Dodgers, or just what the nature of baseball in the black community might have been before professional baseball's integration.
negroleaguebaseball
August Wilson
August Wilson
Biography
 August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography
August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography
The Theater of August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright, your guide to August Wilson plays. Are you looking for the August Wilson Theatre, Broadway, New York currently showing the smash hit musical - Jersey Boys!
august-wilson-theatre
Library of Congress Interview
Library of Congress Interview
Branch Ricky interview
 Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s
Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s
1955?] (Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Branch Rickey Papers) This excerpt covers Branch Rickey's ideas about his role in breaking the color line in baseball, some of why and how he did it, and his expectation that all leagues will be integrated in 1956.
the library of congress
NY Times Article
NY Times Article
Article
 Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball
Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball
Jackie Robinson, 28-year-old infielder, yesterday became the first Negro to achieve major-league baseball status in modern times. His contract was purchased from the Montreal Royals of the International League by the Dodgers and he will be in Brooklyn uniform at Ebbets Field today, when the Brooks oppose the Yankees in the first of three exhibition games over the week-end.
nytimes
 add

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The Negro Baseball League was founded in 1920 when African Americans were excluded from professional teams. Baseball integration started in 1947, when Jackie Robinson became the first African American player to enter the major leagues.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Negro Baseball League was founded in 1920 when African Americans were excluded from professional teams. Baseball integration started in 1947, when Jackie Robinson became the first African American player to enter the major leagues.

# data[].attributes.body
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 August Wilson's Pittsburgh
August Wilson's Pittsburgh
Denzel Washington's filming of "Fences," the Pulitzer-Prize winning play by August Wilson, has once again put Pittsburgh on the cultural map. As well it ...
pittsburgh post-gazette
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959
 civil-rights-movement-timeline-1951-to-1959-45418
civil-rights-movement-timeline-1951-to-1959-45418
www.thoughtco.com
Satchel Paige article
Satchel Paige article
The article you read for homework
 Before Jackie: How Strikeout King Satchel Paige Struck Down Jim Crow
Before Jackie: How Strikeout King Satchel Paige Struck Down Jim Crow
by Larry Tye Satchel Paige was pitching in the Negro Leagues in California when he got the news he had been anticipating for two decades. Brooklyn Dodgers president Branch Rickey had just signed a Negro to a big-league contract-the first Negro in modern times.
gilderlehrman
Negro Baseball League Videos
Negro Baseball League Videos
Collection of video clips from the MLB
 Negro Leagues Video
Negro Leagues Video
major league baseball
Satchel Paige
Satchel Paige
Website
 The Official Satchel Paige Home Page
The Official Satchel Paige Home Page
The offical web site of Satchel Paige. One of the all time great baseball players of American history, with highlights such as his long career in the game, the oldest rookie, his fast pitching style, and being inducted into the Major League Hall of Fame.
satchelpaige
Performance Clips
Performance Clips
Denzel Washington as Troy
http://www.broadway.com/videos/151292/show-clips-fences-starring-denzel-washington/
Civil Rights in the 1950's
Civil Rights in the 1950's
Website
 50sCVTimeline.htm
50sCVTimeline.htm
afroamhistory.about.com
Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Reference
 Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
Most everyone knows that Jackie Robinson was the first African-American to play major league baseball during the modern era. Suprisingly, few people have given much thought to how Robinson came to the attention of major league scouts, where he played before signing with the Dodgers, or just what the nature of baseball in the black community might have been before professional baseball's integration.
negroleaguebaseball
August Wilson
August Wilson
Biography
 August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography
August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography
The Theater of August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright, your guide to August Wilson plays. Are you looking for the August Wilson Theatre, Broadway, New York currently showing the smash hit musical - Jersey Boys!
august-wilson-theatre
Library of Congress Interview
Library of Congress Interview
Branch Ricky interview
 Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s
Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s
1955?] (Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Branch Rickey Papers) This excerpt covers Branch Rickey's ideas about his role in breaking the color line in baseball, some of why and how he did it, and his expectation that all leagues will be integrated in 1956.
the library of congress
NY Times Article
NY Times Article
Article
 Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball
Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball
Jackie Robinson, 28-year-old infielder, yesterday became the first Negro to achieve major-league baseball status in modern times. His contract was purchased from the Montreal Royals of the International League by the Dodgers and he will be in Brooklyn uniform at Ebbets Field today, when the Brooks oppose the Yankees in the first of three exhibition games over the week-end.
nytimes
Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Video
 Negro Baseball League
Negro Baseball League
Raymond Cherry recounts his days playing for the Indianapolis Clowns. Produced/edited by me. Co-produced by Pixie Curry. Videographer Bernard Wooden.
vimeo
 add

# data[].attributes.headline
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

# data[].attributes.subject
August Wilson’s Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Denzel Washington's filming of "Fences," the Pulitzer-Prize winning play by August Wilson, has once again put Pittsburgh on the cultural map. As well it ...

# data[].attributes.headline
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959

# data[].attributes.subject
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959

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This civil rights movement timeline chronicles the fight for racial equality in its early days, the 1950s. That decade saw the first major victories for civil rights in the Supreme Court as well as the development of nonviolent protests and the transformation of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. into the movement's preeminent leader.

The U.S. Supreme Court strikes down the segregation of African Americans in graduate and law schools. The initial case was fought by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Marshall used this win to begin building a strategy to fight the "separate but equal" doctrine established in 1896.

Linda Brown, an 8-year-old girl in Topeka, Kan., lives within walking distance of a whites-only elementary school. Because of segregation, she has to travel by bus to a more distant school for African American children. Her father sues the school board of Topeka, and the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear the case.

The Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, Tenn., which runs workshops on organizing protests for individuals such as union organizers, issues invitations to civil rights workers.

The Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education on May 17, arguing that "separate but equal" schools are inherently unequal. The decision legally prohibits school segregation, declaring it unconstitutional.

Rosa Parks attends a workshop for civil rights organizers at the Highlander Folk School in July.

On Aug. 28, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago, is killed near Money, Miss., for allegedly whistling at a white woman.

In November, the Federal Interstate Commerce Commission forbids segregation on interstate buses and trains.

On Dec. 1, Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Ala., sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

On Dec. 5, the Montgomery Improvement Association is established by a group of local Baptist ministers. The organization elects the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, president. In this role, King would lead the boycott.

In January and February, whites angry about the Montgomery Bus Boycott bomb four African American churches and the homes of civil rights leaders King, Ralph Abernathy, and E.D. Nixon.

On court order, the University of Alabama admits its first African American student, Autherine Lucy, but finds legal ways to prevent her attendance.

On Nov. 13, the Supreme Court upholds an Alabama district court ruling in favor of the Montgomery bus boycotters.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott ends in December, having successfully integrated Montgomery's buses.

King, along with Ralph Abernathy and other Baptist ministers, helps found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in January. The organization serves to fight for civil rights, and King is elected its first president.

The governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, obstructs the integration of Little Rock High School, using the National Guard to block the entry of nine students. President Eisenhower orders federal troops to integrate the school.

Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957, which creates the Civil Rights Commission and authorizes the Justice Department to investigate cases of African Americans being denied voting rights in the South.

The Supreme Court decision Cooper v. Aaron rules that a threat of mob violence is not reason enough to delay school desegregation.

Martin Luther King and his wife, Coretta Scott King, visit India, the homeland of Mahatma Gandhi, who won independence for India through nonviolent tactics. King discusses the philosophy of nonviolence with Gandhi's followers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This civil rights movement timeline chronicles the fight for racial equality in its early days, the 1950s. That decade saw the first major victories for civil rights in the Supreme Court as well as the development of nonviolent protests and the transformation of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

# data[].attributes.body
Article

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Jackie Robinson, 28-year-old infielder, yesterday became the first Negro to achieve major-league baseball status in modern times. His contract was purchased from the Montreal Royals of the International League by the Dodgers and he will be in Brooklyn uniform at Ebbets Field today, when the Brooks oppose the Yankees in the first of three exhibition games over the week-end.

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Branch Ricky interview

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[1955?]

(Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Branch Rickey Papers)

This excerpt covers Branch Rickey's ideas about his role in breaking the color line in baseball, some of why and how he did it, and his expectation that all leagues will be integrated in 1956. (For additional information on the Branch Rickey Papers, you can leave this site and read a summary catalog record for the collection.)

Davis: Well, now this one day - or two inning strike on the part of Arky Vaughn would you like to go into that at all, the reason behind it -

Rickey: Well, that would be a long story and it involved the manager and involved a temporary upset in which Arky was disaffected and decided he would quit and he changed his mind and was very -

Davis: You feel that going into the details might needlessly -

Rickey: Oh it isn't involved here - I don't think you would want that, Davis - I don't think so -

Davis: I see - well, then let's get to Jackie Robinson - that's one of the high points of your career certainly, if not the highest, you broke the colored line in baseball, how far do you want to discuss that?

Rickey: Well, I have so many angles, I think it is in the course of permanent solution - I am deeply gratified if it has had any effect at all upon solving even in the slightest detail our race problem in this country - it has come out I think agreeably and it's good that it was done - I'm glad I did it - but I don't know how to go into the matter to discuss it with any fairness at all - there were many questions involved there, in the solution of it and its a very long story - I think that the negro in baseball has come into a prominent place in the life of baseball in this country and I don't believe that there will be any League in the United States that will not be willing to employ negro players within the next year or so - I look for a complete break of the color line in the Southern Association in the year 1956 -

Davis: You went into the Robinson thing with me rather briefly earlier in this recording and -

Rickey: I think I did - yes

Davis: Possibly that may be the answer to the entire question that I put to you

Rickey: If it becomes important at any time - any specific questions that you would want to ask - I would try to answer them

Davis: Well, it was a great thing for you that Robinson turned out to be a great player, don't you think?

Rickey: I was very positive about that before I employed him - that I had to be sure about -

Davis: It could have resulted disastrously

Rickey: It was a wild experiment - playing for publicity - I didn't want that - I can not say that deeply down and indirectly I had in mind the overall effect of the employment of a negro - I was not out primarily to solve the race question in America - I felt that it did have a direct impact upon it - and that it would be healthy and particularly so if Robinson vindicated his choice and he did

Davis: Well long before you ever heard of Robinson you had this feeling

Rickey: Yes, I did indeed - very deeply

Davis: If a negro could play Major League baseball - he should play

Rickey: The utter injustice of it always was in my mind - in St. Louis a negro was not permitted to buy his way into the Grandstand - you know that - and it has only been in recent years that he has been permitted to go into the Grandstand and of course there was no negro player in baseball - I felt very deeply about that thing all my life and within a month after I went to Brooklyn I want to Mr. George McLaughlin and had a talk with him about and found he was sympathetic with my views about it

Davis: He was the Vice President of the Brooklyn Trust Co.

Rickey: He was - and we owed him over $800,000 - the Club did - when I went to Brooklyn and he was a man of wide importance in that community as well as a financier of note - he was President of the Brooklyn Trust Co.

Davis: He gave you support on Robinson

Rickey: He did - he certainly did - and then my Board did it - they supported me royally on it and

Davis: Looking back now - it's only - it isn't even 10 years

Rickey: Oh, no

Davis: Looking back now it seems a little absurd that all these maneuvers were necessary

Rickey: No - I wouldn't

Davis: Oh, yes they were necessary - today, as you say, every League in the Country even the Southern Association

Rickey: They will break the colored line this coming year without a question

Davis: So - here we are back

Rickey: I could have so much to say on that point and all of that story has not yet been told - and I don't believe that we can go into that very much at this time

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Transcript of interview with Branch Rickey by Davis J. Walsh - By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
1955?] (Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Branch Rickey Papers) This excerpt covers Branch Rickey's ideas about his role in breaking the color line in baseball, some of why and how he did it, and his expectation that all leagues will be integrated in 1956.

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Biography

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright: Biography

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Theater of August Wilson, Pulitzer winning playwright, your guide to August Wilson plays. Are you looking for the August Wilson Theatre, Broadway, New York currently showing the smash hit musical - Jersey Boys!

# data[].attributes.body
Reference

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
An introduction to the history of Negro League baseball for those just learning about this fascinating period in American social history.

# data[].attributes.body
Website

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This civil rights movement timeline chronicles the fight for racial equality in its early days, the 1950s. That decade saw the first major victories for civil rights in the Supreme Court as well as the development of nonviolent protests and the transformation of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. into the movement's preeminent leader.

The U.S. Supreme Court strikes down segregation of African Americans in graduate and law schools. The initial case was fought by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Marshall used this win to begin building a strategy to fight the "separate but equal" doctrine established with in 1896.

Linda Brown, an 8-year-old girl in Topeka, Kan., lives within walking distance of a whites-only elementary school. Because of segregation, she has to travel by bus to a more distant school for African American children. Her father sues the school board of Topeka, and the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear the case.

The Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, Tenn., which runs workshops on organizing protests for individuals such as union organizers, issues invitations to civil rights workers.

The Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education on May 17, arguing that "separate but equal" schools are inherently unequal. The decision legally prohibits school segregation, declaring it unconstitutional.

Rosa Parks attends a workshop for civil rights organizers at the Highlander Folk School in July.

On Aug. 28, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago, is killed near Money, Miss., for allegedly whistling at a white woman.

In November, the Federal Interstate Commerce Commission forbids segregation on interstate buses and trains.

On Dec. 1, Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Ala., sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycot t.

On Dec. 5, the Montgomery Improvement Association is established by a group of local Baptist ministers. The organization elects the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, president. In this role, King would lead the boycott.

In January and February, whites angry about the Montgomery Bus Boycott bomb four African American churches and the homes of civil rights leaders King, Ralph Abernathy, and E.D. Nixon.

On court order, the University of Alabama admits its first African American student, Autherine Lucy, but finds legal ways to prevent her attendance.

On Nov. 13, the Supreme Court upholds an Alabama district court ruling in favor of the Montgomery bus boycotters.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott ends in December, having successfully integrated Montgomery's buses.

King, along with Ralph Abernathy and other Baptist ministers, helps found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in January. The organization serves to fight for civil rights, and King is elected its first president.

The governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, obstructs the integration of Little Rock High School, using the National Guard to block the entry of nine students. President Eisenhower orders federal troops to integrate the school.

Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957, which creates the Civil Rights Commission and authorizes the Justice Department to investigate cases of African Americans being denied voting rights in the South.

The Supreme Court decision Cooper v. Aaron rules that a threat of mob violence is not reason enough to delay school desegregation.

Martin Luther King and his wife, Coretta Scott King, visit India, the homeland of Mahatma Gandhi, who won independence for India through nonviolent tactics. King discusses the philosophy of nonviolence with Gandhi's followers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This civil rights movement timeline covers the start of the racial equality fight, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King's rise.

# data[].attributes.body
Denzel Washington as Troy
http://www.broadway.com/videos/151292/show-clips-fences-starring-denzel-washington/

# data[].attributes.body
Website

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The offical web site of Satchel Paige. One of the all time great baseball players of American history, with highlights such as his long career in the game, the oldest rookie, his fast pitching style, and being inducted into the Major League Hall of Fame.

# data[].attributes.body
Collection of video clips from the MLB

# data[].attributes.body
The article you read for homework

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
User account | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History