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The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939.
It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.

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1929
The Wall Street Crash was a crash in the stock market causing big losses for the industry of America. After the roaring twenties the stock market expanded rapidly. Then suddenly production declined, unemployment had risen and stocks lost their value. With stocks without value everyone lost their money. This event caused The Great Depression.

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1848-1855
The California Gold Rush was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma,California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise od 1850.

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The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period in the 1930s.  Dust Bowl, also known as “the Dirty Thirties,” lasted for about a decade, but its long-term economic impacts on the region lingered much longer.

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The Roaring Twenties refers to the decade of the 1920s in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the United States and Europe. In the 1920s there was a prohibition and the consequence of the Roaring Twenties was the Great depression - economic depression that started in the USA in the 1930. Also, in that time Jazz was invented.

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In 1924 Salinas had the highest per capita income of any city in the United States.  During the growing seasons of the Great Depression, the volume of telephone and telegraph transmissions originating in Salinas was greater than that of San Francisco.  The Salinas Lettuce strike of 1934 ran from August 27 to September 24, 1934, in the  Salinas Valley of California.

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The Great Depression - 5 Minute History Lesson

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Old swamper who dreams of having his own farm, but it never happens. He has no fist so he does easier jobs like feeding the animals. His loneliness heals his dog, but for long. Carlson kills his dog because of his age and bed smell. He thinks the dog is just unnecessary.

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Ranch owner's son who targets Lennie to pick on. Mean - spirited and aggressive young man.
Curleys dream is to be a man. A man that is respected by everyone. His dream is to prove everyone in the ranch that he is a strong individual even if he is physically tiny.

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Steinback described friendship as a parasitic relationship in which only one person has benefits.  He describes friendship as an unbreakable, loving relationship.
Friendship plays a big part in the story. In the absence of friendship, Lenny killed a little puppy and put himself in a situation where he also killed Curly's wife. Curly's wife is also in the absence of friendship and because of that absence she is  ready to talk to everyone and act a little  rebellious.
From people friendship requires mutual respect and understanding, because love is not enough if there is no understanding and respect. It also requires a lot of patience and time. But in return friendship has a lot to offer us. A person who is there for us, who keeps us safe and loves us. We get in return as much as we are prepared to give.

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Discrimination affects characters in Of Mice and Men through Lennie and his mental health making him unable to complete his dream, Candy missing his hand causing him to work harder for his job, and Crooks with the color of his skin making it easy for him to feel more lonely.
Crooks chooses to isolate himself since the others do not include him in the activities they do. He is lonely most of the time because the others discriminate against him, forcing him to stay by himself.
He pushes people away because he thinks that they don`t care what he says because of his race and isolating himself causes a lot of loneliness. Even if he doesn't talk too much about how he feels about discrimination, we can clearly see how it offends and makes him sad. Discrimination affects Crooks because what he says doesn`t matter to people and he is not included in activities which makes him very lonely.

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The California Gold Rush cartoon 1849 (The Wild West)

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He is a large, kind, lumbering, childlike worker. Due to his intellectual disability, Lennie completely depends upon George, his friend and traveling companion, for guidance and protection.
The two men share a vision of a farm that they will own together. At the end of the story, George shoots Lennie in the back of the head; a tragic ending to a dream and a friendship.

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George’s shooting of Lennie is foreshadowed throughout the book as Slim introduces the idea that any creature too weak to survive in a hard world must be killed. From the beginning of the novella, Steinbeck foreshadows that Lennie will accidentally kill Curley’s wife while trying to stroke her hair. In the first section, George scolds Lennie for petting mice until they die. He also mentions that they got chased out of their last town because Lennie “wanted to feel that girl’s dress” and stroked the soft fabric, giving the impression that he raped her. Later, Lennie accidentally kills his puppy while petting it. In addition to creating the sense that Lennie’s fate is inevitable, these instances of foreshadowing prepare the reader to understand Lennie’s innocence. Foreshadowing is used throughout the novel to suggest the tragic ending. From the title, to the death of Candy’s dog and Lennie killing animals, there are frequent suggestions that George and Lennie’s plan to buy their own farm and be happy will go wrong.

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The Roaring Twenties Explained in 11 minutes

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The book is both pessimistic and optimistic. The optimistic part is for example, the hope that George and Lennie have. They truly believe they will buy the farm and they dont doubt it. The pessimistic part is seen in the ending. Lenny dies, but his death also represents the death of hope. The hope for buying the farm dies with Lennie.

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Slim is a compassionate and kind ranch hand. He is considered the leader and is respected by all.
Slim does not have dreams in the book. If he does, then he does not speak of it. Therefore, the reader is left with the conclusion that Slim is actually content and satisfied with his life.

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Curley's wife is usually referred to as a tramp, tart, or a looloo by the men on the ranch. In the story, her name isn’t mentioned, instead called "Curley’s wife". She had a dream, and like the other characters in the story, it didn’t come true. Her dream was to become an actress, but due to a forced and unhappy marriage it could not come true. Everyday she regrets the path her life has taken, and laments having missed her chance to move to Hollywood and become a movie star. She is shown to be more of a victim rather than a villain. Since Curley doesn't let her out of the house, she gets lonely, and she tends to hang around the men but doing that gets her into trouble.

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Mostly there was tension in bunkhouse because they were not friends but colleagues who had to be in that place whether they wanted to or not.
When George first comes in and is shown his bed he finds a small yellow can which says "positively kills lice, roaches and other scourges." George becomes very suspicious of the bed he has been given. This shows that the beds are probably infested with lice and roaches.
They have come from the town of Weed, where Lennie was involved in an incident that required them to leave hastily. This, in fact, is why they are running late to their next job--George chose to have the two of them get off the bus somewhere out of the way so they could not be followed.
Carlson offers to kill the dog quickly by shooting it in the back of the head. Reluctantly, Candy gives in. Carlson takes the dog outside, promising Slim that he will bury the corpse. After a few awkward moments of silence, the men hear a shot ring out, and Candy turns his face to the wall.
The most elemental reason that Curley picks the fight with Lennie is to prove he can. The perception of Curley being "yella as a frog belly" and publicly shamed eats away at him. Slim's challenging of Curley in such a demonstrative manner has caused Curley to be even more sensitive.

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He is an immigrant worker working on a ranch. George is smart and hardworking. He takes care of his best friend Lenny and is very protective of him. His dream is having his own farm where no one bosses him around. Lenny and he had many conversations about their dream farm. Too bad they never had a chance to make that dream come true. George is caught in a tricky situation where he had to kill his best friend. That way, he destroys a part of his dream.

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Relationship of Lenny and George
George and Lennie have a friendship/relationship like a master and his dog. George always has to take care of Lennie and that sometimes makes him mad. He cares deeply about him but he is aware that his life would be easier without him. George was Lennie's bully when they were younger but now he is trying his best to keep him safe and does that by giving him commands. In the end George mercifully kills Lennie so he dies in peace and not from Curly's hand. That shows George in a way loved Lennie even tho he put him through a lot of trouble.

Travelling and working
George and Lennie travel together because they have known each other since they were children and a natural friendship developed over time. George explains their history when he confides in Slim, saying, “Him and me was both born in Auburn. I knowed his Aunt Clara. She took him in when he was a baby and raised him up. When his Aunt Clara died, Lennie just come along with me out workin’. Got kinda used to each other after a little while.” George explains to Slim that even though Lennie can be a challenge, their friendship and companionship make life better for both of them.

How they relate to other characters
George protects and eventually kills Lenny for his good. Slim suports George, and Candy wants to buy the ranch with Lenny and George. Curly picks on Lenny and Lenny breaks his hand in a fight that Curly started. Lenny is also facinated by Curly's wife and unintentionally kills her in the end.

Incidents involving them both
George always took care of Lenny and told him everything what to do, especially not to get into any trouble while they were in the ranch. When Curley attacked Lenny, it was George who encouraged Lenny to defend himself and told him “Get him Lenny”. Likewise when he killed the puppy and Curly’s wife George defended him even though he knew that Lenny is guilty and in the end he helped him by killing him.

Lenny's death
At the end of "Of Mice and Men", George spares Lennie from Curley's wrath by shooting him in the back of the head after reciting their shared dream of owning a farm one final time.

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In Of Mice and Men, the main relationship is that of George Milton and Lennie Small. Throughout the whole book, George is responsible for Lennie, making sure he has work, food, and does not get into too much trouble. This novel exhibits many forms of relationships (Croock and Lennie, George and Slim) and show how each pair benefit from each other companionships and help each other in the harder moments of their lives.

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Some characters like Candy, Crooks and Curley's wife are lonely because they are isolated from everyone else. Candy's dog was always with Candy but when he died, he left Candy truly alone. Crooks was isolated from everyone because of his race and Curley's wife wasn't alowed to talk to anyone because her husband wouldn't let her.

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The novel protests against three social and political evils: racial discrimination, the treatment of old age and disability, and the plight of the farm worker who never reaps what he sows. Crooks illustrates racial prejudice. He is intelligent, reads books and, like any other human being, he needs warmth and companionship. He is denied these, not through any fault of his own but because he is black.
We agree, because the fact is that every human being regardless of skin color and nationality should have normal living conditions

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Author of this poem is Robert Burns. He was born in 1759 in Alloway, Scotland. He was a talented farmer. Throught his life he was practicing poem. His poem celebrated aspects of farm life. He died in 1796 in Dumfries.

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On the 10th January 1918 the House of Lords gave approval for women over the age of thirty to have the right to vote. The historical political decision was passed under the Representation of the People Act. However it would not be until 1928, a decade later, that another law would be passed allowing women over the age of twenty one to vote, in accordance with male voting rights.

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To A Mouse depicts Burns' sadness at having destroyed the nest of a tiny field mouse with his plough. He apologises to the mouse for his accident. We can connect the poem to Lennie, who loves mice and is a little to rough with them and kills them. Later Lennie apologises and feels bad for what he unintentionally did. This also forshadows the rest of the book.

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Crooks is the only black man on the ranch and experiences a significant amount of racism and discrimination. He is lonely and isolated, making him resentful and bitter towards the other characters. Crooks' dream consists of his being a part of George and Lennie's plan to buy their own ranch. This will give Crooks the opportunity for more freedom and dignity, something he desperately lacks in his present situation. Being black, he could not easily become independent and have his own ranch because at that time black people had no rights and were discriminated against.

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Dreams help the characters feel like more active participants in their own lives because they allow them to believe that the choices they make can have real, tangible benefits. They also help characters cope with misery and hardship, keeping them from succumbing to the difficulties they face regularly. In their darkest moments, George and Lennie invoke their ranch like a spell that can temper their daily sufferings and injustices. George and Lennie almost always fantasize about the ranch after some traumatic event or at the end of a long day, suggesting that they rely on their dreams as a kind of salve. The dream of the ranch offers George, Lennie, Candy, and the others a goal to work toward as well as the inspiration to keep struggling when things seem grim. This dream is very important to the men because it represents freedom and having control over their own lives, which they do not have while moving around looking for work.

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Curley's father is the most powerful person on the ranch as the owner. Curley is also powerful because he is the boss's son. He is likely to inherit the ranch, and he won't be fired. He has positional power. He gives up power, however, because he bullies the ranch workers, which loses him respect.

Slim is the next most powerful person on the ranch. In some ways, he is more powerful than Curley, because Curley is afraid to cross him and because the other ranch workers trust Slim more than Curley. He has personal power: people respect him because of the his competency, decency, and strength of character, not because he is the owner's son.

The other ranch workers listen to Slim because he treats them as human beings and isn't out to hurt anyone.

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Although present in all the characters to some degree, the theme of loneliness is most notably present in Candy, Crooks, and Curley's wife. They all fight against their isolation in whatever way they can. Until its death, Candy's dog stopped Candy from being alone in the world. Lennie cannot think as quickly as the other men, he is often set aside and isolated from them. Curley's wife is very lonely. She seeks out men to speak to so that she can engage in conversation with somebody. Candy is isolated because of his age and disability, making him less useful on the ranch and therefore insignificant.

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The fragility in the story also tells us how it will end. At first it starts with a small mouse which Lennie accidentally killed. Then it moves onto a puppy and then a woman. All of these objects are considered to be Fragile unlike Lennnie who looks really rough and strong. As the animal/person gets bigger Lennie unknowingly becomes stronger with his grip. When he kills Curley's wife he sees what he has done and runs from his actions but this time there is a punishment which he has to face.