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The Janssen microscope was the first compound microscope invented by Zacharias Janssen in 1590. It was in the 20-30 times life size range.

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It was made by Dutch Antony Van Leeuwenhoek in 1668. He crafted his own lenses and turned out to be 300x magnification, which was a huge jump in power compared to the Janssen microscope. He was the first observations of bacteria and protozoa.

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Robert Hooke's Microscope

Robert Hook refined the design of the compound microscope around 1665 and published a book titled Micrographia which illustrated his findings using the instrument.

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In the 1800s, biologists began taking a closer look at both animal and plant tissues. What they learned advanced cell theory. Scientists could easily tell that plants were completely made up of cells. That's because plant cells have a layer on the outside called a cell wall. However, this was not so obvious for animal cells, which lack a cell wall. Many scientists believed that animals were made of "globules."

German scientists Theodore Schwann and Mattias Schleiden studied cells. Schwann studied animal cells and Schleiden studied plant cells. These scientists found key differences between the two cell types. They had the idea that cells were the simplest units of both plants and animals.

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As with the rapid growth of molecular biology in the mid-20th century, cell biology research exploded in the 1950’s. It became possible to maintain, grow, and manipulate cells outside of living organisms. The first continuous cell line to be so cultured was in 1951 by George Otto Gey and coworkers, derived from cervical cancer cells taken from Henrietta Lacks, who died from her cancer in 1951. The cell line, which was eventually referred to as HeLa cells, have been the watershed in studying cell biology in the way that the structure of DNA was the significant breakthrough of molecular biology

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Researchers invented a new type of microscope called reflective matrix microscope, which uses adaptive optics techniques. Non-invasive microscopic techniques such as optical coherence microscopy and two-photon microscopy are commonly used for in vivo imaging of living tissues

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John Leonard Riddell invented the first practical microscope to enable binocular viewing of objects through a single objective lens in 1850.

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R. Krugelstein Microscope circa 1900

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Richard Zsigmondy invented the ultramicroscope in 1903, which allows for observation of specimens below the wavelength of light.

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The resolution of electron microscope images is 1000x more detailed than light microscopy. It's magnification can range from 20x to approximately 30 000x. It was made in 1931.

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The stereo microscope has high or low options.