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Can religion and law be separated?
- when you look at marriage laws, conversion therapy, abortion laws - race, gender and religion still influence law
- politics and religion are intertwined - to different degrees in Canada and the US? Example? Trump, Evangelists, party not supported in the same way by religion, in the US more open about calling selves a Christian country and its association with patriotism (is it just more insidious in Canada? Christian values are still there, more implicit)
- What about banning the hijab or other religious head coverings in public service jobs in QB
- political events - liberal or conservative - god is brought up in some way
- We, Canada, like to think we are more accepting than the US, QB
- multiculturalism and its influence on policy - about diversity not belonging, falsehood

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*  Question 2: (connection to the discussion about family in London and media's descriptions of them being accomplished and educated) - whether they have honorary entry into education or class, it didn't matter to the attacker who targeted them. Despite entry into certain spaces and conversations, it doesn't matter to attackers, because their visibility as Muslims comes first.
*  The color of their skin, the impact of colorism and how that impacts the perception of their identity, which leads to more stigma.
* A different take: their class and education is what let humans sympathize with them. The constant mention of the mother's PhD did matter. If they were a poor, Black, Muslim family, they would not have gotten the same media attention.
* Question 3: minority families come to Canada feel like they "owe" something as immigrants - feeling of inner inferiority that is perpetuated by neo colonialism.
* the importance of social mobility in neocolonial ideologies

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- Honour killing is a vilified way of identifying the same thing, which is essentially domestic abuse - reinforces notions of us vs. them
- Rate in rise of domestic violence associated with place (Quebec) and events (like England losing the World Cup)
- Binaries of being either very religious or not - turning away from faith gains traction and thereby increases trust from others
- In the US, faith is very interconnected with state affairs but that is not as pointed - hypocrisy of the West
- Patriarchy is mostly a Western phenomenon but this narrative has been flipped, ironically
- White supremacy has created a lot of the problematic and untrue narratives

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“Non-Black American Muslims ‘have traditionally been dubious about recognizing race as a feature of the American socio-political landscape’...dissociating from Black (Christian or Muslim) Americans...was a conscious class act on behalf of Muslims and Arab Americans” (Sheehi, 2018 p.38). What thoughts arise from this refusal to confront how the racist structure and history of the U.S. merges with class privilege?

“Muslim American immigrants’ higher than average educational level and social economic status also permitted them honorary entry into white privilege” (Sheehi, 2018 p.39) How does the intersectionality between class and race tie into Muslim identity and actions?

“...aspirations to possess racialized peoples’ wealth and exploit their labour emanates from a sense of superiority...certain races of people are worthy of being exploited because of their inherent inferiority” (Bakali, 2016 p.46). How does neocolonialism tie into narratives of bringing other nations into modernity?

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Muslim women have been put into 2 main archetypes: the victim and the one who turned away from religion to gain freedom, or as defined in the reading, “native informants” (Balaki 2016, pg. 37). What does this say about stereotyping and the assigning of roles?

What do you think of when you hear “honour killing” and compare it to what you think of when you hear “domestic abuse”. What is the importance and implication of labelling and how does it tie into Islamophobia?

Think about what it means to be a native informant, women “who empower themselves by turning against their faiths” (Bakali 2016, pg. 37). What is their projected image in Western contexts? What about in religious contexts?

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Muslims have been categorized as a race.” (Bakali, 2016 p.31) What does this quote mean? How do perspectives change or remain the same if Islam is looked at as a race rather than religion?

“These two reports assert that Islamophobia is the purview of a radical fringe in U.S. polity...an issue of religious rights and fundamental values divorced from race.” (Sheehi, 2018 p.36) Do you think it is possible to completely separate religion from race? Why or why not?

How do the U.S./Canadian governments tackle the issue of white supremacy vs. “Islamic extremism”?

“Exaltation is the process of attributing certain qualities which characterize the nationality of a people...the failings of outsiders, however, are seen as reflective of the inadequacies of their community, their culture, and, indeed, of their entire ‘race’...The exalted national subject is able to forget their own violent treatment of others throughout their national history, while at the same time condemning other racialized groups for engaging in similar actions and explaining such behaviour as defective and inferior qualities which are said to form the essence of that group.” (Bakali, 2016 p.35) Can this quote be applied to Canadian politics today?

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You will be added to one of three discussion groups under the following topics: Race, Gender, and Class. Each group will be provided with prompts to guide your discussion (10 min).

After this, we will come together as a class. A representative of each group will give a short (1 min) overview of the highlights of their groups’ discussion before we have a class discussion on Islamophobia through the intersectionality of race, class, and gender.

Please assign a notetaker to take jot notes of your group’s discussion on the Padlet link

Please assign a “presenter” to give a short summary of your group’s discussion with the class.