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At around the age of twelve a child going into adult would start to think in a abstract manner and by manipulating ideas in their head. Uno always them to strategies and think outside the box to win a game.
If i were to redesign the game i would create a two person team version. It'll help with team building and good sportsmanship training.

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CONCRETE OPERATION STAGE
This is the third stage in Piaget's theory in which children between 6 and 12 years of age develop logical thinking but still cannot think abstractly. Online games have become the norm for today's children of all ages. There is all types of games for the young to the old, I watched my three year old grandchildren turn on the PlayStation and go to a game he loves. This game was him having to move down a mountain while shooting monster to move to the next level. I watched this child get upset when at the end of each round there was a big monster that he had to kill. My other two grandson plays a game called Night something they both go online and play with their friends from Buffalo, and other Cities they have met.

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FORMAL OPERATIONS
Piglet's fourth stage in which people 12 and older think both logically and abstractly. This game is hours of fun while learning at the time. The object is o earn property and win money by people paying you rent if you earn all the same color, railroads and utility company without going to jail.
The Vetch toy is for children who likes to be alone without anyone around, they have a way to go online with this toys so the child is making friends but still being alone at the same time.

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PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
I choose this toy because at this children 2-7 are thinking magically and egocentrically. If any child is like me we cry when see a shot or even have to get our blood drawn, this helps the child to play with the things that they will see at the doctor office emolliating some of the fears they may feel.

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SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
This toy is an example of the secondary circular reaction by the infant and happiness when their action causes the toy to move. This also can fall into the coordination of reactions and application to new situations. In this stage infants understand the world through the information they take in through their senses and their reaction.  I have my own children and grandchildren fall in love with this toy.  I would change this toy by making the strings adjustable so you can lower it for newborns and raise it as the months goes on.

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Guess who? Is a board game made up of two players who have to guess which character they have? They need to ask questions like "Does your character have black hair?" the opponent must answer yes or no. With this game, the child will develop his skills in reasoning, deduction, and imagination. At this stage, children develop abstract thinking and begin to reason logically. If I had to change something to this game, it would be by adding a timer to make it more exciting and challenging.

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Mastermind for kids is a code-breaking game with colorful animal-themed playing pieces and is a two-player game. The game is about a code-maker which set a secret code of 3 colored animals and the code-breaker need to try matching the code using logic and deduction. This game helps develop logical thought, concrete reasoning, and think more abstractly. This game provides a reasonable challenge.

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This toy is good for the development of the child and his sensorimotor stage. It has bright colors that encourage visual tracking. This toy makes rattle sounds, and this can help the child with excellent motor skills, sensorimotor skills, and promotes infant muscle development. With this toy, the child can shake, rattle, and roll it. Also, it supports two-handed play.  If I had to change something in this toy, I would add and combine different textures, and this would help the child develop better physical development.

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This toy is about building varieties of things using imagination. It also helps them develop knowledge because while they connect the pieces, they would be able to hear sounds, letters, and much more, helping teach them while letting them play. The child can learn about colors, numbers, animals, shapes, letters, and objects. This toy has more than 170 learning phrases and sounds. It is an excellent toy for a child because while they are building helps them practice imagination and creativity. They can learn while having fun!

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At this stage, children can understand abstract concepts. A child in this stage should be able to play and understand a myriad of games. The Mancala is a two-player game played on a wooden board with two rows of six holes carved into it. This game teaches observation skills: Players need to distinguish good plays from bad ones. It shows how to think analytically: Players must learn to plan and develop strategies. It also teaches problem-solving: Whenever there’s a gap between the way things are and the way you want them to be, you have a problem. At the start of a game of Mancala, the Kahalas are empty, while the players want them to be full. Players have to move their pieces to allow them to get the greatest number of pieces into their Kahala while trying to prevent the other player from doing the same.

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In this stage, the child develops logical thought.A child in this stage has a good use of inductive logic. With Hedbanz kids will develop their deductive reasoning skills with the games' simple question and answer method.
This game is excellent for this stage because the child possesses logical thinking, which is excellent for trying to guess what is on their card. If I could change anything from this game, I would replace the timer with a longer one. With this, the kids would have more time to think and process.

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As a child my favorite concrete operational stage toy was the easy bake oven. At this stage a child is starting to understand conversations better and is able to follow more then one rule to follow. The easy bake oven allows a child to go step by step to create treats they love to eat. It has since been discontinued since my child hood days but if i were to redesign it i would have it make slum since that a big thing to kids these days.

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This toy helps develop memory imagination.
With this toy I would redesign it by making the same toy but installing different major keys for the number keys, It'll give the child more choices.

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The child is now mature enough to use logical thought or operations. It is ages 7 to 11.  Children began to  to understand the concept of conservation like which amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass.
Solving puzzles helps reinforce existing connections between our brain cells. Puzzles also helps children at this age to think logically.  Meaning, does this piece go here or there. Puzzles help children to concentrate, it helps with socialization, and Sharpen, children's brains. THis helps kids with the ability to reverse mental operations and the ability to organize objects into hierarchical concept categories.

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This is a very controversial thing but! As a gamer, and a person who loved this console, I believe that the nintendo was formal operational for the age group of 12 and older. Nintendo came out with games like Mario brother and Zelda which were not only has scientific thinking but helped figure out logic. For example, in Super Mario Brothers there are areas you could not go into because there were bad guys there. Automatically, you knew not to go into that area because you were going to die. This means, you had to quickly think about a plan to reach that area. in the game Zelda, you had to search the level and find the hidden treasure. With every hidden treasure was a step closer to achiving your goal to winning that area. Then use those treasures to beat the bad guy. Once again you had to critically think how to get the treasure to reach the next level. Another game played was the racing game and an airplane game. These games not only helped me to understand the point of driving in the lines but it gave me a better view of what racing and driving was really about. The killing zombie games help me to understand the use of guns and what type of gun really excist.

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The shape sorting cube allows your child to strengthen their hand-eye coordination, fine motor and problem-solving skills, as well help your child identify colors and shape.
I would redesign it by connecting to some sort of coding device to introduce them to the future early.

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Preoperational are from ages 2-7.   See N’ Say toy This toy promotes perceptual development by implementing the use of vision, hearing, and touch. The hearing is stimulated with this toy by all of the animal sounds that are made. It promotes perceptual development. Children will mentally determine what kind of animal it is and what kind of letter the animal starts with. they are visually and mentally learning what not only the alphabets but also the animals.

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With this toy children learn formation, arrangement, succession, or position in a series or orderly sequence. I believe that children in this age need to learn the ability to put objects in order by length, width, or even height. This is the age were kids learn what is too big or to small and what fits is different areas by shape and size. Using toys like this can help children find their cognitive ability. This helps children to critically what is bigger or smaller and what can fit in what order.

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CLICK ON  PADLET 3

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During this stage, the child begins to develop language and learn how to speak. Also, in this stage, start the role-playing. Role-play is very important at this age. Toys like plastic food or toy kitchen furniture are fantasy toys for this age. With toys like this, the child can practice verbal skills and use plastic food to symbolize real food. If I had to change something about these toys, I would include plastic food with scents to stimulate other senses.

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Checkers
The highlights of this toy/game:
~board game
~ Individual family bonding and memories
~transportable from one place to another
~Learning tool which promotes Linear Thinking, strategies, and planing
With this board game children have the ability of hypothetico-deductive reasoning/scientific thinking.
Educational Focus:
Creative Thinking
If I had to make a change to this toy/game, I would not change a thing it is a classic game that has been around for centuries. It is one of the games that should be in every home and  should be in our classrooms.  As I have stated in the highlights above, this would help with children that have different disabilities, it could be included in a BIP to do with a counselor.

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LEGO Minions Bricks - Built Minions and Their Lair 75551
The highlights of this toy:
~A creative building set
~Build both Kevin and Stuart, and then rebuilt Kevin into Bob
~Explore the intricate room play set inside, using the fun accessories to create their own Minion stories
~Features tools to help children to build independently
With this toy children have the abilities of reversibility and classification.
Educational Focus:
Creative Thinking
If I had to make a change to this toy  I would put more characters into this play set. Enhance more play and creativity time.

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KIDZ DELIGHT Smooth Touch Alphabet Tablet
The highlights of this toy:
~Smart educational tool to learn alphabets
~Ideal for ages 3 & up
~Smooth touch tablets
~Features speaks phrases (letters, first words, spelling, and phonics) and multiple modes of play
~Bilingual-Spanish/English
Educational Focus:
Letters, Teaching Aid, Shapes and colors, large motor skills, memory skills.
With this toy children are able to represent mentally by reacting to the sounds they hear from the tablet of each letter and the pictures that represent the letters.(symbols and and sounds)
Piaget state that symbols are very concrete at this stage.
If I had to make a change to this toy, I would make it rechargeable instead of battery operated. This would save money and the environment. It would also help limit the time the child spends on the device.

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Fisher-Price Laugh and Learn Controller
The highlights of this toy:
~2 musical settings: Learn and Play
~Press the ABCD Shape buttons and directional numbers pad, or move the joy stick, to activate content
~Multi color, light-up face
~Move the clicker disc and toggle the switch on the top of the controller for more fine-motor play
~Introduces shapes, colors, the alphabet, numbers, and more.
Educational Focus:
Teaching Aid, Shapes and colors, numbers, fine motor skills, creative thinking.
This toy has the four general trends in development within the sensorimotor period.
If I had to make a change to this toy, I would make it rechargeable instead of battery operated. This would save money and the environment. If you have take this with you, you will be able to recharge it on the go.

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Concrete Operational
This is when the child is able to use tablets and understand what they're using. this v smile teaches children how tom read and write and los teaches them learning skills and games.

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Formal Operation stage

The ability to test children systematically and see if the get the answer. A game I say use is Uno it teaches numbers, colors, and stratieges

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The ability to formulate and systematically test them to arrive at an answer.  One of my favorite games and still is "Monopoly". Monopoly teach life skills, addition, subtractions as well working with others.

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The child is now mature enough to use logical thought or operations. Leapfrogs, tablets, Ipad are great learning tool for reading and math. It also have learning games.

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The Fisher Price Laugh and Learn Around the Town Learning Table. This toy have pop ups, lots of colors, ABC's, sounds. the table helps grasps the child attention and help provides knowledge, At this stage children are thinking at a symbolic level but not fully understanding the full concept.

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The Fisher Price Rainforest Bouncer provided stimulating and engaging environment for the child. This toy was perfect for my son. One of my sons favorite shows is The Lion Guard. The story takes place in the Pride Lands(jungle,rainforest). I believe one reason my son relates to the show is from the bouncer.

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Note: All four (4) stages are attached. Click the box and they will appear.

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This toy is very suitable for the sensorimotor stage. With this toy, the baby can do different actions to see results. You can push, hit, or touch the different parts of this gym to create sounds or turn on lights. Also, this toy stimulates the substage of coordination of reactions where the infant begins demonstrating intentional actions.  If I had to change something about this toy, I would add some textured toys.

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Toys that Promote Cognitive Development
Edit: Click the picture and it will lead to the four stages of Cognitive Development.

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If I were to redesign each toy I will be more aware of the material for the child's safety. For example, the edges of the triangles can be a little rough around the edges as well as the wood sticks that are coming out for the pieces to fall into place. If the child falls on top of it, it can hurt them. I will change the material to something more flexible instead of wood and fix the edges of each figure so they can be more smooth instead of pointy.

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Formal operations stage 12 years and older

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Formal operations stage 12 years and older

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Artie 3000 the coding Robot. Educational insights this Stem toy for kids combins coding, robots,and creative arts in one product. Artie will draw the design according to the code. This robot comes with activity cards and colored markers an alignment tool to keep marker in place and instructions. This robot encourages logic, planning problem solving, critical tinking, math skills, and creativity an ideal introduction to programming. robot needs batteries and tablet,laptop or computer. If I was to redsign this toy I would make sure it had rechargeable batteries and can be programmed from your phone.

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Concrete Operations stage 7 to 12 years old 

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Concrete Operations stage 7 to 12 years old 

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Kurio smart kids tablet 2in 1 touch screen. This tablet is good for homework and play. Made for kids but can be used by adults. Kids use tablets in school that are programmed just for learning. Pros: can do homework and play games. Cons: no parental controls, smarts software pre-load consists of more than a handfuk of nothing more than a handful of shareware titles you could download for yourself, the intel Bay trail processor lags under modest usage with poor battery life and poor viewing angles, and the keyboard slides. If I was to redsign this tablet I would have parental controls that would show up on parents phone when the child is on a site not made for them. a better camera and battery life programs with math and reading skills added to screen and a better way to toggle with more then one window open. And a way to keep keyboard from sliding while you type.

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V Tech little Apps tablet. A tech toy that comes with a screen that can change colors. This gives your child the opportunity to work on their color recognition skills. There are also various buttons which have letters on them. They can deepen their understanding of language and the alphabet. Kids learn via their audible senses. There are 12 activities available which your child can use to learn from with a progressive system. Pros: 12 learning activities, color design, develops color recognition skills and improves understanding of letters. Cons: the screen is small. If I redesign this toy I would make the screen bigger also give a cover and handles to make it easier to hold.

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Learning jounrney my first match it. Gives your child the freedom to explore the world of animals. They can match the tail to the head of the corresponding animal.This is a fun exercise that develops their recognition skills. All the pictures are bright in color. Pros: memory and processing, develops hand and eye coordination, color recognition skills improved and encourage creativity. Cons: pieces fall apart easier than some expected. If I was to redesign  this toy I would add magnets to the pieces so they will stay together and voice to say what the animal is and spell the animals name out so it can help babys spell at a early stage.

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This toy promotes the four stages

Sensorimotor: Is safe for the infant to make sucking motion (circular reaction) with the shape pieces that are loose. It can also experience grasping (development of object permanence) by taking them and observing them.

Preoperational: It has shapes like fruits, flowers, and hearts that relates with the color

that is used in two different symbols (fantasy and language). It has areas that the child has to repeatedly try to find the logic, such as trying to match the shapes with the correct hole, or how to move the “fruits'' and make sounds.

Concrete Operation: These toys promote reversibility and classification, children can start asking questions to solve it and start exploring. For example, if I hit the stick against the metal I can make a sound or if I move the figures on top I can get them to the other side.

Formal Operation: At this point the child will make the connection that she or he has to find the piece that has the same shape of the hole and put it in.

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This toy uses motor schemas because it allows the infant to put them in their mouth without choking and giving them the sense to figure out life

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This toy is an example of the Information Processing Theory as it checks the 3 areas: development is continuous,brain function is central, but innate knowledge is not and brain function interacts with environmental experiences to produce cognitive development. all four theories speak to continuous brain function, but I do not see a strong correlation to culture in this toy.