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Hedging is a type of language use which 'protects' your claims.

Using language with a suitable amount of caution can protect your claims from being easily dismissed. It also helps to indicate the level of certainty we have in relation to the evidence or support.

Compare the following two short texts, (A) and (B). You will notice that although the two texts are, in essence, saying the same thing, (B) has a significant amount of extra language around the claim. A large amount of this language is performing the function of 'hedging'.

The table below provides some examples of language to use when making knowledge claims.

Try to find examples of hedging language in your own reading, to add to this table.

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Hedging is a type of language use which 'protects' your claims. Using language with a suitable amount of caution can protect your claims from being easily dismissed. It also helps to indicate the level of certainty we have in relation to the evidence or support. Compare the following two short texts, (A) and (B).

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Using English for Academic Purposes: Information and Advice for Students in Higher Education

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Writers may give specific examples as evidence to support their general claims or arguments. Examples can also be used to help the reader or listener understand unfamiliar or difficult concepts, and they tend to be easier to remember. For this reason, they are often used in teaching. Finally, students may be required to give examples in their work to demonstrate that they have understood a complex problem or concept. It is important to note that when statements are supported with examples, the explicit language signalling this may not always be used.

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Writers may give specific examples as evidence to support their general claims or arguments. Examples can also be used to help the reader or listener understand unfamiliar or difficult concepts, and they tend to be easier to remember. For this reason, they are often used in teaching.

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Dear students:
Hello!
Thank you for your cooperation in our investigation. This is a survey of International students' study abroad, adaptability to life and cultural integration. The purpose of this survey is to understand the situation of International students' mental health and what factors affect psychological problems.
Thank you for your participation. I wish you success in your studies!
Team: Ether, Majeed, Lucky

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Dear students: Hello! Thank you for your cooperation in our investigation. This is a survey of International students' study abroad, adaptability to life and cultural integration. The purpose of this survey is to understand the situation of International students' mental health and what factors affect psychological problems. Thank you for your participation.

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This chapter describes the mental health status of international students in institutions of higher education, unique challenges these students face and their impact on mental health, and suggestions...

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Objective and Participants: The authors examined the prevalence of mental health needs in international graduate students, their knowledge of mental health services, and their use of on-campus and off-campus counseling services. Methods: All registered graduate students in the Spring 2004 semester received an e-mail invitation to participate in a Web survey. Of the 3,121 completed surveys, 551 completed surveys were from international graduate students. Results: Approximately 44% of international graduate students responded that they had had an emotional or stress-related problem that significantly affected their well-being or academic performance within the past year. International students who reported a more functional relationship with their advisors were less likely to report having an emotional or stress-related problem in the past year and using counseling services. International students who reported higher financial confidence were also less likely to use counseling services. Conclusions: There is an unmet mental health need among international graduate students. Special mental health outreach efforts should be directed at international graduate students, with particular attention on the relationship between students and their advisors and on adequate financial support for students.

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Mental Health Need, Awareness, and Use of Counseling Services Among International Graduate Students

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Objective and Participants: The authors examined the prevalence of mental health needs in international graduate students, their knowledge of mental health services, and their use of on-campus and off-campus counseling services. Methods: All registered graduate students in the Spring 2004 semester received an e-mail invitation to participate in a Web survey.

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BBC Learning English - Pronunciation / Introduction to The Sounds of English

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This is the introductory video to our The sounds of English series