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The Feminist movement was always non-hierarchical and decentralized to begin with. This gave way to the creation of different political alignments, such as the Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM) and the National Organization for Women (NOW).  https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women

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Contributing Factors to the Feminist Movement

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Contributing Factors to the Feminist Movement

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The post-war economic boom induced many societal changes within America. New job openings created a demand for more workers, and women quickly filled those positions. In fact, women took up two-thirds of all new jobs during this prosperous era. However, it quickly became apparent that an income disparity developed between men and women. This would become one of the driving factors in the early stages of second wave feminism.
https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women #feminism

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How the Late 1960s Influenced West German Feminism

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How the Late 1960s Influenced West German Feminism

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This video explains how 1960s developments impacted the Feminist Movement going into the 70s.
https://www.britannica.com/video/180278/overview-womens-movement-West-Germany

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This video shows key points in the journey that women had to undertake to attain sufferage.

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The 1960s and 1970s Womens' Rights Movement

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The music created during this time period still retains the power to inspire future generations with its powerful message. The music mirrors the sentiment of the time, with heavy emphasis on the importance of women. #RememberingThroughMusic

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First wave feminism focused on giving women more legal rights, such as the right to vote. A notable achievement was the creation of the 19th amendment in 1920.
https://www.britannica.com/event/womens-movement

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Second wave feminism sought to achieve more personal freedoms for women and ensure equal opportunities in fields of employment.
https://www.britannica.com/event/womens-movement

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Early 1960s developments started off by addressing salary inequity and restrictions to better jobs. Anti-discrimination laws were promoted to confront these issues. https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women #equality

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In 1964, Representative Howard Smith proposed incorporating the prohibition of gender discrimination into the yet-to-be-passed Civil Rights Act. At first, this proposal wasn’t taken seriously, but with the help of Representative Martha Griffiths, the law was successfully passed. https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women

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Betty Friedan is the author of the novel The Feminine Mystique. The novel was a commentary on the frustrations that women often felt in traditional roles. Friedan is often accredited with sparking the second wave of Feminism in the 20th century because of how she voiced the opinions many women were feeling. (Kallen, Stuart, Women if the 1960s) #pioneer

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Gloria Steinem is an American journalist who became known as a leader of the Feminist movement during the 1960s. She was a columnist for the New York magazine, and became famous for her article “After Black Power, Women’s Liberation”.  Did you get the video links in the works cited? www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/gloria-steinem.

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Angela Davis was an African American woman who was involved in many different civil rights groups. While a firm participant in the feminist movement of the 1960s, Davis also participated in the Communist party and the Black Panther party. https://www.biography.com/activist/angela-davis

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The newly established Equal Employment Opportunity Commission did very little to defend working women. As a response, notable feminists, including Betty Friedan, created the National Organization for Women to further pro-equality laws within congress and battle workplace discrimination in court. The goal was to change the system through the system. https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women

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The NOW was more reformist and focused on promoting equality on a public, political level. The organization wanted to become more mainstream and disavow specific variants of feminism that they deemed "too radical." https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women

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The WLM planned to overthrow what they referred to as “the patriarchy” by addressing personal issues as well. Some of these issues dealt with relationships, sexuality, birth control, abortion, clothing, body image, and childcare.
Their contributions continue to influence the feminist movement to this day. https://tavaana.org/en/case-studies/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women

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The secret life of bees is a novel that takes place in the fictitious town of Sylvian, South Carolina and “Tiburon, South Carolina”. (Kidd 43)

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The novel is set in the summer of 1964, which in South Carolina was a time of great change. Women’s rights movements were beginning to sweep the nation and African Americans were just gaining the right to vote. This sets of the novel with Rosealeen getting arrested after the “voters’ rally at the colored church.” (Kidd 27)

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Women were gaining more and more independence and freedoms not only legally, but in the eyes of society. An excellent example of this is the character August Boatwright, who is able to run her own business selling the honey from her beehives. Her honey is called “Black Madonna Honey” and is sold from her own home. This shows an increased acceptance not only for women leaders, but for African Americans. (Kidd 68) #entrepreneur

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Deborah was a victim of domestic violence who tried to leave behind a miserable marriage. This was an act of independence and self-respect. The scene is especially relevant to the time period since domestic abuse was prevalent and women wanted to change things for the better. (Kidd 18).

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From the very beginning of the novel, Lily’s interests were constantly undermined by T. Ray’s strict parenting. When talking about the man’s refusal to allow books, Lily says, “I think he believed it would stir up ideas of college, which he thought a waste of money for girls, even if they did, like me, score the highest number a human being can get on their verbal aptitude test.” This quote shows how traditional values regarding women’s upbringing remained a stronghold in the south. (Kidd 15).

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“If any of us were to mention feminism in a meeting, the men were likely to look at us as if there were something wrong with us. It did not seem worth it to pursue the topic outside of our conversations with each other. This did not affect our commitment to the left; it was still a better place to be than anywhere else that we knew of” (Epstein 142).