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8th of November 2019
This was our first draft of our first section A.

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8th of November 2019
We also looked at the start of the chorus within this session.

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15th November 2019
This was the motif we created for the tart of section B in which we also ended our final section the same way.

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September 27th 2019

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September 27th 2020

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September 27th 2020-
This is a clip of a motif which has been changed and developed with choreographic devices.
1- Force
2- original motif
3- tempo
4- size
5- background
6- repetition
7- retrograde

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15th November 2019
We had cleared up the first section so that it was cleaner and more fluid.

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25th of November 2019.
We changed the start of our piece to fit the intention of the piece better.

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30th of November 2019
In this session we showed the draft of our section B to the class to gain some feedback and help us to see if the intention cam across to the audience.

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11th December 2019
This was our finalised video of our section A’ with the use of repetition and fragmentation of our original A section.

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Who.int. (2020). Drowning. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drowning [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; outcomes are classified as death, morbidity and no morbidity.

Scope of the problem

In 2019, an estimated 236 000 people died from drowning, making drowning a major public health problem worldwide. In 2019, injuries accounted for almost 8% of total global mortality. Drowning is the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury death, accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths.

The global burden and death from drowning is found in all economies and regions, however:

low- and middle-income countries account for over 90% of unintentional drowning deaths;

over half of the world's drowning occurs in the WHO Western Pacific Region and WHO South-East Asia Region;

drowning death rates are highest in the WHO Western Pacific Region, and are 27-32 times higher than those seen in the United Kingdom or Germany, respectively.

Despite limited data, several studies reveal information on the cost impact of drowning. In the United States of America, 45% of drowning deaths are among the most economically active segment of the population. Coastal drowning in the United States alone accounts for US$ 273 million each year in direct and indirect costs. In Australia and Canada, the total annual cost of drowning injury is US$ 85.5 million and US$ 173 million respectively.

There is a wide range of uncertainty around the estimate of global drowning deaths. Official data categorization methods for drowning exclude intentional drowning deaths (suicide or homicide) and drowning deaths caused by flood disasters and water transport incidents.

Data from high-income countries suggest these categorization methods result in significant underrepresentation of the full drowning toll by up to 50% in some high-income countries. Non-fatal drowning statistics in many countries are not readily available or are unreliable.

Risk factors

Age

The Global report on drowning (2014) shows that age is one of the major risk factors for drowning. This relationship is often associated with a lapse in supervision. Globally, the highest drowning rates are among children 1-4 years, followed by children 5-9 years. In the WHO Western Pacific Region children aged 5-14 years die more frequently from drowning than any other cause.

Child drowning statistics from a number of countries presented in the Global Report on Drowning are particularly revealing:

Drowning is one of the top 5 causes of death for people aged 1-14 years for 48 of 85 countries with data meeting inclusion criteria (1).

Australia: drowning is the leading cause of unintentional injury death in children aged 1-3 years.

Bangladesh: drowning accounts for 43% of all deaths in children aged 1-4 years.

China: drowning is the leading cause of injury death in children aged 1-14 years.

United States of America: drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury death in children aged 1-14 years.

Gender

Males are especially at risk of drowning, with twice the overall mortality rate of females. They are more likely to be hospitalized than females for non-fatal drowning. Studies suggest that the higher drowning rates among males are due to increased exposure to water and riskier behaviour such as swimming alone, drinking alcohol before swimming alone and boating.

Access to water

Increased access to water is another risk factor for drowning. Individuals with occupations such as commercial fishing or fishing for subsistence, using small boats in low-income countries are more prone to drowning. Children who live near open water sources, such as ditches, ponds, irrigation channels, or pools are especially at risk.

Flood disasters

Drowning accounts for 75% of deaths in flood disasters. Flood disasters are becoming both more frequent as well as more severe and this trend is expected to continue as part of climate change. Drowning risks increase with floods particularly in low- and middle-income countries where people live in flood prone areas and the ability to warn, evacuate, or protect communities from floods is weak or only just developing.

Travelling on water

Daily commuting and journeys made by migrants or asylum seekers often take place on overcrowded, unsafe vessels lacking safety equipment or are operated by personnel untrained in dealing with transport incidents or navigation. Personnel under the influence of alcohol or drugs are also a risk.

Other risk factors

There are other factors that are associated with an increased risk of drowning, such as:

lower socioeconomic status, being a member of an ethnic minority, lack of higher education, and rural populations all tend to be associated, although this association can vary across countries;

infants left unsupervised or alone with another child around water;

alcohol use, near or in the water;

medical conditions, such as epilepsy;

tourists unfamiliar with local water risks and features;

Prevention

There are many actions to prevent drowning. Installing barriers (e.g. covering wells, using doorway barriers and playpens, fencing swimming pools etc.) to control access to water hazards, or removing water hazards entirely greatly reduces water hazard exposure and risk.

Community-based, supervised child care for pre-school children can reduce drowning risk and has other proven health benefits. Teaching school-age children basic swimming, water safety and safe rescue skills is another approach. But these efforts must be undertaken with an emphasis on safety, and an overall risk management that includes a safety-tested curricula, a safe training area, screening and student selection, and student-instructor ratios established for safety.

Effective policies and legislation are also important for drowning prevention. Setting and enforcing safe boating, shipping and ferry regulations is an important part of improving safety on the water and preventing drowning. Building resilience to flooding and managing flood risks through better disaster preparedness planning, land use planning, and early warning systems can prevent drowning during flood disasters.

Developing a national water safety strategy can raise awareness of safety around water, build consensus around solutions, provide strategic direction and a framework to guide multisectoral action and allow for monitoring and evaluation of efforts.

WHO response

WHO released the Global report on drowning in November 2014. This was the first time WHO had developed a report dedicated exclusively to drowning. The report pointed out that drowning has been highly overlooked to date, and that a great deal more should be done by governments and the research and policy communities to prioritize drowning prevention and its integration with other public health agendas.

The Global report on drowning provides recommendations to governments to tailor and implement effective drowning prevention programmes to their settings, improve data about drowning, and develop national water safety plans. The report also points out the multisectoral nature of drowning and calls for greater coordination and collaboration among UN agencies, governments, key NGOs and academic institutions to prevent drowning.

In May 2017, WHO released Preventing drowning: an implementation guide. This publication builds on the Global report on drowning and provides concrete guidance for drowning prevention practitioners on how to implement drowning prevention interventions.

At country level, WHO has worked with Ministries of Health in some low- and middle-income countries to prevent drowning through the use of barriers controlling access to water and the establishment of day care centres for pre-school children. In addition, WHO has also funded research in low-income countries exploring priority questions related to drowning prevention. At a regional level, WHO organizes training programmes and convenes workshops to draw together representatives of governments, NGOs and UN agencies working on drowning prevention.

(1) Mortality data for countries were considered if they met the following criteria: estimated coverage of national deaths of 70% or more; ill-defined causes of death less than 20%; 10 or more deaths in the 1-14 year old age group; and data available from 2007 or later.

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Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; outcomes are classified as death, morbidity and no morbidity. In 2019, an estimated 236 000 people died from drowning, making drowning a major public health problem worldwide. In 2019, injuries accounted for almost 8% of total global mortality.

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www.dictionary.com. (2020). Definition of drowning | Dictionary.com. [online] Available at: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/drowning [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Definition of drowning from Dictionary.com, the world's leading online source for English definitions, pronunciations, word origins, idioms, Word of the Day, and more.

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www.thesaurus.com. (2020). Synonyms of drowning | Thesaurus.com. [online] Available at: https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/drowning [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Only in the cafes there is a clamor of voices and a drowning of care.

And I don't mind your drowning sorrow in the flowing bowl, either.

"It's a drowning man's straw," he said, a little breathlessly.

"And there's a third reason why I wish to be away," went on Roland, drowning the noise.

I glanced at his daughter: she hung on him with a drowning look.

She would have received with composure the news of his drowning.

Nay, he was drowning his sorrows therein, for his Master, alas!

She had been so distressed at first that she had thought of drowning herself in the river.

She must have been drowning there for the last hundred years.

In the breaking waters of his madness he was struggling like a drowning man.

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Only in the cafes there is a clamor of voices and a drowning of care. And I don't mind your drowning sorrow in the flowing bowl, either. "It's a drowning man's straw," he said, a little breathlessly. "And there's a third reason why I wish to be away," went on Roland, drowning the noise.

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www.thesaurus.com. (2020). Synonyms of engulf | Thesaurus.com. [online] Available at: https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/engulf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Was it possible so slight an antagonist could engulf the battle cruiser?

We are in a cavern of fire, and in another moment it will engulf us.

Father Hennepin tells us that the stout soul of La Salle quailed before the horrible tumult which threatened to engulf him.

Then, like erl-king in the German legends, they broaden out to engulf their opponent.

Over this body of this hero, rolls the horrible flood that is to engulf France.

This cloud of superstition which is settling about us may engulf us in ruin.

As it is, we all tread on quicksands of mystery, that may open and engulf us at any instant.

The storms of life were about him, the great waves were ready to engulf him.

Should haste to enjoy the lusciousness of summer engulf the delights of spring?

The shadow cast by the hills to the west rose to engulf them as they descended.

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Was it possible so slight an antagonist could engulf the battle cruiser? We are in a cavern of fire, and in another moment it will engulf us. Father Hennepin tells us that the stout soul of La Salle quailed before the horrible tumult which threatened to engulf him.

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www.dictionary.com. (2020). Definition of struggle | Dictionary.com. [online] Available at: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/struggle [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020]

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Definition of struggle from Dictionary.com, the world's leading online source for English definitions, pronunciations, word origins, idioms, Word of the Day, and more.

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www.dictionary.com. (2020). Definition of mental health | Dictionary.com. [online] Available at: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/mental-health [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Definition of mental health | Dictionary.com

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Definition of mental health from Dictionary.com, the world's leading online source for English definitions, pronunciations, word origins, idioms, Word of the Day, and more.

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Mental Health Foundation. (2020). Stigma and discrimination. [online] Available at: https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/s/stigma-and-discrimination [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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This content discusses discrimination or discriminatory violence (such as homophobia, racism, sexism and ableism), which some people may find triggering.

Summary

how stigma and discrimination affect people with mental health problems

why people with mental health problems are discriminated against

what you can do about stigma and discrimination

what you can do if you are being discriminated against.

Mental health problems are common, affecting thousands of us in the UK. Despite this, there is still a strong stigma (negative attitude) around mental health. People with mental health problems can also experience discrimination (negative treatment) in all aspects of their lives.

This stigma and discrimination make many people's problems worse. It can come from society, employers, the media, and even our friends and family. You may even experience internalised stigma, where you come to believe the negative messages or stereotypes about yourself.

How do stigma and discrimination affect people with mental health problems?

Nearly nine out of ten people with mental health problems say that stigma and discrimination have a negative effect on their lives.

We know that people with mental health problems are among the least likely of any group with a long-term health condition or disability to:

find work

be in a steady, long-term relationship

live in decent housing

be socially included in mainstream society

Stigma and discrimination can also make someone's mental health problems worse and delay or stop them from getting help. Social isolation, poor housing, unemployment and poverty are all linked to mental ill health. So stigma and discrimination can trap people in a cycle of illness.

You may face more than one type of stigma: for example, you may also be stigmatised because of your race, gender, sexuality or disability. This can make life even harder.

Why are people with mental health problems discriminated against?

There are many reasons for this discrimination, including:

stereotypes. Society can have stereotyped views about mental ill health. Some people believe people with mental health problems are dangerous when in fact, they are at a higher risk of being attacked or harming themselves than hurting other people

the media. Media reports often link mental ill health with violence or portray people with mental health problems as dangerous, criminal, evil, or very disabled and unable to live normal, fulfilled lives

What can I do about stigma and discrimination?

Challenge stigma

Time to Change campaigned to change the way people think and act about mental health problems. The campaign has now closed, but there is still plenty of useful information on their website about challenging stigma and discrimination when you see, hear or experience it.

They have tips for talking to someone about their mental health, which can be as simple as asking someone if they're sure if they tell you they're feeling fine. Showing someone that there's no shame or stigma in talking about how they feel could make a huge difference.

They also have resources for your workplace or school if you want to help others understand mental health and challenge stigma.

In Scotland, the anti-stigma organisation See Me has ideas on challenging stigma and discrimination. They also have resources and activities you could use at work.

Join our network

If you want to do more campaigning around mental health issues, you could join OPEN, our experience network. It's an online community of people we ask to inform us what we do, through anything from quick feedback on a social media post to participating in a research project. We want to hear from people with a range of mental health experiences, whether yours is good, bad or something in between.

I'm being discriminated against - what can I do?

The Equality Act 2010 protects you from discrimination and lets you challenge it. It makes it illegal to discriminate against people with mental health problems when you:

are at work, applying for a job, or leaving one

use services such as hotels, restaurants, public transport, hospitals, local councils and places of worship

deal with organisations carrying out public functions such as tax collection or law enforcement

buy or rent a property

To be protected, you need to show your mental health problem is a disability. You may not think of yourself as disabled, but the Equality Act could still protect you if you fit its definition of disability. You need to show you have a long-term mental health problem that makes your everyday life substantially difficult. Mind has more information on what this could mean for you.

There are different ways you can experience discrimination, including:

direct discrimination: if you're treated worse than others because of your mental health problem

indirect discrimination: if a person or organisation has arrangements in place that put you at an unfair disadvantage

discrimination arising from your disability: if you're treated badly because of something that happens because of your mental health problem, for example, if you're given a warning at work for taking time off for medical appointments

harassment: if you're intimidated, offended or humiliated

victimisation: if you're treated badly because you've made a complaint

There are different things you can do if you're experiencing discrimination. In general, it's best to try these steps to resolve things.

1. Talk to someone informally. Speak to the person or organisation who has discriminated against you. This can be a quick and easy way to resolve things.

2. Make a formal complaint. You can make a formal complaint if an informal conversation doesn't resolve things. Try to do it in writing if possible. Give a clear account of what went wrong and what you'd like to happen, such as an apology, explanation or better service in future. Your complaint should be properly investigated, and you should be told the outcome.

3. Complain to the ombudsman. If your formal complaint doesn't change things, you can take your complaint to an ombudsman. Mind has more information on which ombudsman to contact in England and Wales and how they work. There are different ombudsmen for Scotland and Northern Ireland.

4. Make a legal challenge. If you're not able to resolve things through the ombudsman, you may want to make a legal challenge.

You don't have to take any of these steps on your own. You can ask a friend or relative for help or help from a professional advocate.

Further resources and information

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How stigma and discrimination affect people with mental health problems; why people with mental health problems are discriminated against; what you can do about stigma and discrimination; and what you can do if you are being discriminated against.

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MHT. (2020). Mental Health Today. [online] Available at: https://www.mentalhealthtoday.co.uk/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Mental Health Today campaigns for improvements in the provision of mental health services in the UK today. Visit us today to get involved.

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Youtube.com. (2020). YouTube. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjZsxTZVeBk [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Youtube.com. (2020). YouTube. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yx0KRkUwtmg [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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We looked at this technique as it used a lot of breath and how to work it into choreography.
Youtube.com. (2020). YouTube. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX7YQxn7HVw&list=RDQMm3Ztak91PNg&start_radio=1 [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Martha Graham Technique Floorwork  by Phyllis Gutelius DVD1

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Youtube.com. (2020). YouTube. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMzjbyZhM5U [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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Youtube.com. (2020). YouTube. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qk00gbDwGqM [Accessed 15 Jan. 2020].

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SLIP | @PhillipChbeeb & Renee Kester | @ElliotMossMusic