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The development of knowledge, skills, problem solving, which help children to think about and understand the world around them .

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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. Piaget believed that children take an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world. As kids interact with the world around them, they continually add new knowledge, build upon existing knowledge, and adapt previously held ideas to accommodate new information.

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PIAGET'S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

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PIAGET'S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

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Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years

Preopretional stage: ages 2 to 7

Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11

Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up

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•From the age of 3–6 months, infants begin to develop a stronger sense of perception. At this age, most babies begin to:

•Imitate facial expressions

•React to familiar sounds

•Recognize familiar faces

•Respond to the facial expressions of other people

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During this period, most infants begin to:

•Demonstrate anticipatory behaviors, like rooting and sucking at the site of a nipple or bottle

•Detect sound differences in pitch and volume

•Discern objects more clearly within a distance of 13 inches

•Focus on moving objects, including the faces of caregivers

•See all colors of the human visual spectrum

•Tell between tastes, from sweet, salty, bitter, and sour

•Use facial expressions to respond to their environment

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•From the age of 6–9 months, researchers have found that most infants begin to:

•Gaze longer at "impossible" things such as an object suspended in midair

•Tell the differences between pictures depicting different numbers of objects

•Understand the differences between animate and inanimate objects

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At the age of three, most kids are able to:

•Ask "why" questions to gain information

•Demonstrate awareness of the past and present

•Learn by observing and listening to instructions

•Maintain a longer attention span of around 5 to 15 minutes

•Organize objects by size and shape

•Seek answers to questions

•Understand how to group and match object according to color

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•Imitate gestures and some basic actions

•Manipulate objects by turning them over, trying to put one object into another, etc.

•Understand the concept of object permanence, the idea that an object continues to exist even though it cannot be seen

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Most one-year-old begin to:

•Identify objects that are similar

•Imitate the actions and language of adults

•Learn through exploration

•Point out familiar objects and people in picture books

•Tell the difference between "Me" and "You"

•Understand and respond to words