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1.) Energy is conserved, it can’t be created or destroyed.
2.) Total entropy change must be positive, energy flows and increases.
3.) Driving force for equillibrium. Entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature gets to zero (0K.)

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CHM1046 Lecture - TuTh

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Relationship between Entropy, Enthalpy, and Free Energy

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Relationship between Entropy, Enthalpy, and Free Energy

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Free energy equals the enthalpy minus the product of the temperature and entropy of the system. Enthalpy and Entropy are combined into a single value in order to create free energy.

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Requires the continuous external input energy to proceed the process. Cannot be made spontaneous using a catalyst, but can be made if coupled with high spontaneous reactions.

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process that proceeds without external input of energy.

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The energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work under pressure and temperature.

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Ex: Perfect crystal
This law is very difficult to relate to our day-to-day life.

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Ex: Sitting on a wood bench inside a sauna

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Ex: A pool ball hitting another which transfers kinetic energy and allows the other ball to move.

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Change in internal heat energy under constant pressure.

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Quantity of energy transferred from one system to another.

work=force×displacement

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Change in heat flow over the temperature during chemical process.
ΔS =Sf−S i

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System- matter or region in a space chosen for study.
Surrounding- mass or region outside the system.

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-Small vs. Large
-Ideal/Imaginary vs. Real/Natural Process
-Reversible/ Irreversible Heat

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System that only depends on the current (initial and final) equilibrium state.