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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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A one dimensional, identifiable path defined by a singular point traveling in space.

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The property of a two-dimensional form, defined by the line around it or a change in color.

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The element of art produced when light strikes and object and the wavelengths reflect back to the eye. A color is made depending on the frequency of the light wave.

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Three dimensional shapes that have volume and take up space.

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The way a surface or object feels, or how the object looks like it would feel.

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The lightness or darkness of an object. Value is determined by how drastic the change in coloring is.

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Space is used to create an allusion of depth.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. The first lens is the photgraphic objective, while the second lens is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above waist level.

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How elements of art relate to each other in terms of their visual weight to create visual equilibrium.

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Using different sizes, shapes, and colors to create visual diversity in a photograph.

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Design in which lines, shapes, forms, or colors are repeated. Can be regular or irregular.

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The dimensions and relations and compositions between heights and sizes.

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A principle used to create the impression of action in art.

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When the elements of art come together in a unified way.

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The use of visual elements to draw attention to a certain area, usually a focal point.

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A camera that uses a large film sheet of 4x5 inches or larger.

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A person who takes care of a museum or collection.

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The gelatin silver print or gelatin developing out paper (DOP) is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides.

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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In the social sciences, framing comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups, and societies, organize, perceive, and communicate about reality.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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Symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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Having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Containing or using only one color.

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Art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature.

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Complementary colours are pairs of colours that contrast with each other more than any other colour, and when placed side-by-side make each other look brighter.

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Neutral (NOO-trul) colors don't usually show up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”

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Taking any image, you can split it into 9 segments by using 3 vertical and 3 horizontal lines. ... The rule of thirds suggests placing key elements of your photo at the points where any of the lines intersect.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest. These lines often draw the viewer's eye in a specific direction or towards a designated portion of the photograph.

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The golden ratio is a composition guide. It helps to lead the viewer through the entire photo. The composition will be more pleasing and balanced for the human eye.

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Negative space is the area which surrounds the main subject in your photo (the main subject is known as the "positive space").

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Positive space refers to the objects in the frame.

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A controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.

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Diffused light is non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even. For example, an overcast day provides diffused light. This light is fantastic for portrait photography, as it creates little or no shadow on a person's face.

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Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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Chiaroscuro is the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition. It is a technique that creates a three-dimensional quality in images on a two-dimensional plane.

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Objective photography is an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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Photography is subjective by simply being a visual art. In other words, it is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective. ... A picture might be subjective based on the photographer's view while a viewer might see at it from the objective angle (based on tone, color, etc.)

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Constructive criticism is a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions. Rather than providing general advice, constructive criticism gives specific recommendations on how to make positive improvements.

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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A painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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A picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, or picture element is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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The blue hour occurs twice each day. It refers to a period of time just before sunrise when the sky turns from a deep twilight to dark blue and then to light blue just before the Sun peeks above the horizon.

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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images. An image file format may store data in an uncompressed format, a compressed format (which may be lossless or lossy), or a vector format.

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Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group." JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos since it supports 2²⁴ or 16,777,216 colors. ... The JPEG compression algorithm may reduce the file size of a bitmap (BMP) image by ten times with almost no degradation in quality.

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A camera RAW image is an unprocessed photograph captured with a digital camera. Instead of applying lossy JPEG compression, which reduces the image quality, RAW mode saves files in a losslessly compressed format. ... Because Camera RAW files are uncompressed, they take up more space than typical JPEG images.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

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PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop (PSD), which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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A brownish tone imparted to a photograph, esp an early one such as a calotype. It can be produced by first bleaching a print (after fixing) and then immersing it for a short time in a solution of sodium sulphide or of alkaline thiourea. a brownish-grey to dark yellowish-brown colour.

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A shadow is the contour created when an object or person blocks rays of light from reaching a surface. The shape of a shadow changes based on its relationship with its light source. The distance, angle, and size of the source work together to determine the intensity, form, and scale of the shadow.

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Midtones – These are neither shadows or highlights but rather a middle value of luminance. Shadows – Darker areas of the image that still maintain detail. Blacks – Completely 'burnt out' portions of a photo that contains absolutely no detail.

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Highlights are usually defined as the brightest area in a photo. As my students learned, what you shoot as white doesn't always come out as white. ... With that in mind, I would like to redefine highlights as the brightest area in a photo in which one can still see detail.

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Post processing is process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image. ... There are more and more camera which have come into market which can capture RAW files. Raw files has much more data at pixel level which and help in post processing and enhancing the image.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed, or in quick succession, the action seems much faster.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph, either to illuminate a subject or space, or to shine light at the camera to 'draw'

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In cinematography and photography panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. ... In other words, the camera moves perpendicular to the direction it is pointed.

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The amount of detail that the camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels. The more pixels a camera has, the more detail it can capture and the larger pictures can be without becoming blurry or "grainy."

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras.

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Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users.

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A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines.

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This term generally refers to the absence of post-processing with an image editing program. The image is untouched, just what the photographer saw and the camera recorded.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. ... Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot. This can be good if you have no idea of what settings to choose and also when you need to shoot quickly.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Manual mode requires the photographer to make all the decisions that determine an image's exposure, as opposed to an automatic or semi-automatic mode that makes at least some of the calls for the photography. Manual exposure gives the maximum amount of control to the photographer.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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In photography, ISO relates to a sensor's (or film's) sensitivity to light. A lower ISO setting makes the sensor less sensitive to light, meaning it either needs more illumination or a longer shutter speed to properly expose an image.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. While film grain is a function of such particles it is not the same thing as such

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. Image noise can also originate in film grain and in the unavoidable shot noise of an ideal photon detector.

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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What is aperture in photography? Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes.

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An f-stop is a camera setting that specifies the aperture of the lens on a particular photograph. It is represented using f-numbers. The letter “f” stands for focal length of the lens.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light". Differences in lens aberrations and aperture shape cause very different bokeh effects.

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Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button

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Shutter speed is the length of time camera shutter is open, exposing light onto the camera sensor. Essentially, it's how long your camera spends taking a photo. This has a few important effects in how your images will appear.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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A three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus or a one-legged support for a camera

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera with a 35 mm image sensor format. Historically, 35 mm was considered a small film format compared with medium format, large format and even larger

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2. ... All APS-C variants are considerably smaller than 35 mm standard film which measures 36×24 mm.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system. Confusion between these two meanings can occur if context doesn't make the interpretation clear.

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A telephoto lens, in photography and cinematography, is a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length.