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pages 72, 73, 74, 86, 89 on Pearson Successnet Textbook

“Phase Changes and Refrigeration: Thermochemistry of Heat Engines.” Refrigeration and Phase Changes, www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Thermochem/Fridge.html.

“Sublimation.” Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/sublimation.

“What Is a Deposition?” Findlaw, litigation.findlaw.com/filing-a-lawsuit/what-is-a-deposition.html.

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-Melting is an endothermic phase change in which a solid turns into a liquid. When an ice cube is exposed to heat, melting occurs.
-Sublimation is an endothermic phase change in which a solid turns to a gas. Sublimation occurs in freeze-drying.
-Vaporization is an endothermic phase change in which a liquid turns into a gas. When water from the ground goes up to the clouds, that is an example of vaporization.
-Freezing is an exothermic phase change in which a liquid turns to a solid. When you put water in a place that is below 32 degrees, like a freezer, it will turn to ice. This is an example of freezing
-Condensation is an exothermic phase change in which a gas turns to a liquid. When water from the ground is sent up to the clouds, it creates rainwater. This is an example of condensation.
-Deposition is an exothermic phase change in which a gas turns to a solid. An example of deposition is when water vapor turns into ice without ever being a liquid.

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Boyle's Charles's Law Combined Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions Heat of Fusion

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Boyle's Charles's Law Combined Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions Heat of Fusion

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-Charles's Law is a gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
-Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. (In a way its kind of the opposite of Charles's law)
-Endothermic is when energy is absorbed during a phase change. Phase changes that are Endothermic include: Melting (solid to liquid), sublimation (solid to gas), and vaporization (liquid to gas).
-Exothermic is when energy is given off during a phase change. The phase changes that are Exothermic include: Freezing (liquid to solid), Condensation (gas to liquid), Deposition (gas to solid).
-Heat of Fusion is the heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid at its melting point that converts the solid to a liquid at the same temperature. One gram of ice absorbs 334 joules as it melts.

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Phases of matter: gas, solid, liquid, plasma

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Phases of matter: gas, solid, liquid, plasma

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-Gas particles are constantly moving (at an average of 1600 km/hour) and bouncing around in its container. The atoms move in a straight line until they hit another atom or they hit the wall of the container. The atoms may slow down but the total kinetic energy of the atom stays the same.
-Solids have a definitive shape and volume because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations. The atoms generally do not move but they do vibrate around each other.
-Liquid particles move faster as the temperature of the liquid increases. When a liquid reaches 100 degrees Celsius, the particles underneath the surface of the liquid overcome the attraction of the neighboring particles, allowing them to break fee and bubble up to the surface. This is called boiling.
-Plasma is a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons. Plasma is basically a gas made up of two components called nuclei and and electrons.

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-The kinetic theory of matter states the all matter is made of small particles that are in constant motion.
-The theory was developed in the mid-1800s to explain the behavior of gases and can also help explain the behavior of solids and liquids.
-Another name for The Kinetic Theory of Matter is  the Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter and the Kinetic Theory of Gases.
-The word kinetic means "to move" in Latin
-The faster an object is moving, the greater its kinetic energy is. The particles in the air that the object is moving in are moving as well.