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Cities rulers changed from priests to kings because cites started to grow. Growing cities caused war between cities so wars happened. When wars happened priests chose  other people they see fit to general the army. During the wars, the priests stepped down from kings for the generals to take over. After the wars, the generals were expected to go back to there normal lives but sometimes they stayed in a position of power.

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definition: a person who is trained to write and keep records in ancient times.
By 3000 B.C. , Sumerian priests had developed a writing system that could record fr more than numbers of objects. Writing was so useful that priests set up schools to train scribes

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Writing began as pictographs to record the number of fish given to a temple, for example, Sumerian priests sketched a fish shape , then added marks to show how many. Eventually, scribes simplified these pictographs into symbols that were easier to press into wet clay. They also created symbols to stand for other object and ideas. As a result, the number of cuneiform symbols grew to more than 2,000. Some of the symbols Sumerians used for words evolved into sounds, for example, the word arrow was pronounced "tih". Once the Sumerians created symbols for every syllable in their language, they could string these together to make words. This left the Sumerians with about 600 symbols to remember. The next step of writing was the creation of an alphabet. By combining these symbols in many ways, a writer can record anything.
Over time the Egyptians developed a simpler writing system, this system contained only 24 letters. Eventually the primary alphabet became the one we use today containing only 26 letters but it had a lot of twists and turns before it got this way.

definitions:
pictographs: a picture that represents and object
cuneiform: the written language of Sumer
alphabet: A small set of letters or symbols, each of which stands for a single sound

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As cities grew so did their society. When little villages emerged their society was very simple, but when they grew into city-states their lives changed. With priest-kings there were more social classes. The upper class consisted of the ruler, his top officials, powerful priests, wealthy merchants, and large landowners. The middle class has farmers and skilled workers. The lower class included slaves and servants.

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Sumerians invented many techniques to help them farm. The Sumerians invented irrigation to bring water to the dry areas. The plow helped people plant seeds, later they attached it to oxen so they didn't have to do anything.

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https://drive.google.com/a/capousd.org/file/d/0B8kBFco9GzdFNUI2QnJDMEJTWG8/view?usp=sharing

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https://drive.google.com/a/capousd.org/file/d/0B5yq71haOGyJLTIzNF9ETWV5Vkk/view?usp=sharing