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I love this class
It's so much fun
History is cool
I like history
WW1
Apple
Trenches and such
Okay?
Okay
okay
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- Germany lagged behind both Britain and France regarding tank development. It only had a single tank model called A7V which appeared on battlefields quite late in the war - around March 21, 1918.
- It weighed 33 tons, had a speed of 8 miles per hour, could carry an 18-man crew, and was equipped with a 57 mm cannon along with 6 machine guns.

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Paths of Glory (1/11) Movie CLIP - A Stroll Through the Trenches (1957) HD

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Paths of Glory movie clips: http://j.mp/151owD9 BUY THE MOVIE: http://j.mp/111N8uz Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr CLIP DESCRIPTION: General Mireau (George Macready) strolls through the trenches checking up on the soldiers and comes across a shell-shocked coward.

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- Produced the Schneider "cheese box" (1916), which was equipted with 2 machine guns and a 75-mm canon
-  The "St. Chamond" had 4 machine guns and a 75-mm gun
- The "Renault" was lightly armored but highly manuverable/fast
- relied on lighter tanks manufactured by the Renault automotive firm

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- Britain was the first nation to start designing and producing tanks. Its most successful tanks were the Mark V and Mark V Star.
- The Mark V Star weighed 36 tons and could span a 14 ft trench. It had a speed of 4.6 miles per hour and was equipped with either powder guns, machine guns, or both depending on the version.

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Diary Entry of Lieutenant of the 2nd Scottish Rifles

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Diary Entry of Lieutenant of the 2nd Scottish Rifles

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"...Paddling about by day, sometimes with water above the knees; standing at night, hour after hour on sentry duty, while the drenched boots, puttees and breeches became stiff like cardboard with ice from the freezing cold air"

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The first tank, "Little Willie", was created by Great Britain (pictured below) - Sept. 19, 1915.

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Winston Churchill saw technology as a way to break deadlock

- Ernest D Swinton determined requirements --> must climb 5ft ledge, span a 5ft trench, range of 20 miles, weigh 8 tons, and accomidate 10 men

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-Airplanes were first used as reconnaissance, flying over the enemy territories to determine troop movements.
Bombers
- In 1913 Russians developed a practical bomber, which held a crew of 5 and could carry 1,500 pounds of bombs and 4 machine guns.
-In 1915 Italy created a bomber similar in capabilities to the Russian bomber.
- In 1916 Germany introduced bombers capable of carrying 1,100 pounds of bombs, but it was produced too late to have significance.
Dogfighting
-Dog fighting started off much like jousting, with low causality rates and hand held guns.
-In 1914 dog fighting became its own entity, and airplanes were created with forward facing machine guns and

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'Flyboys' is a Hollywood-styled war movie about the "Lafayette Escadrille", a World War I fighter squadron made up of American volunteer pilots flying for the French Air Service before America's official entry into the war. In this selection, we see Texas-born Rawlings (James Franco) fly with his other squadron mates as they head out on their first mission to escort Allied bombers.

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Life in a Trench | World War I | History

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-Zeppelins used predominantly at the begging of the war.
-These aircraft flew high but were and very susceptible to attack.
-Used for reconnaissance but also mainly for bombing

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Over the top:
-Many soldiers on both sides provided accounts showing how inhumane warfare had become psychologically
-Most of them admitted that the only thing they feared was showing fear. It got to a point where no one truly feared injury or death, and most men simply accepted it as the likely future
-This lack of fear and removal of emotions allowed soldiers to "push themselves over the top" and slaughter their enemies without second thought
-One soldier described how as he charged up and out of the trenches into no man's land, it felt completely unreal and he had the sensation of being alone, surrounded by shadows instead of soldiers
Rats:
- The rats were so numerous the soldiers would collect them and round them up.
- Rats were so large that they would occasionally
- in ideal conditions a couple of rats produced a litter of at least 880 more powerful and bigger rats which spread more disease.
- Rats would go for soft parts of the body, such as the eyes and the liver.
Lice:
- In 1918, doctors also identified lice as the cause of trench fever, which plagued the troops with headaches, fevers, and muscle pain.
-The trenches were full of lice that would cover the soldiers in bites.
-They tried to prevent lice with baths and chemicals, but the lice were still able to spread pain and disease.
-   Lice had been identified a major irritant to soldiers, and by 1918 as the cause of trench fever, an illness that left soldiers gravely ill for several weeks.

This is our space, back up.

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-"Machine guns dominated the battlefield" (Ellis 89)
-When soldiers would hear the sound of a machine gun it would send "shivers down their spine" (it symbolized death) (Ellis 89)
- "In 1884, Hiram Maxim produced the the Maxim gun, the first modern machine gun and the world's first truly automatic weapon" (Axelrod 34)
-Contributed to massive casualties: "At Nueve Chapelle in March 1915, the second Middlesex was virtually wiped out by two German machine gun posts" (Ellis 93), "During the Third Battle of Ypres from August to November (1917), attack after attack was broken up by German machine gunners: a total of 244,897 men were killed or wounded" (Ellis 95)
-Contributed to psychological damage of the war, "Each soldier was keenly aware of his own fears and hopes... each tried to come to terms with the fact that he was likely to be killed or horribly maimed" (Ellis 96)
-Changed the war more than any other factor, " the machine gun transformed what could have been a war of rapid advance and conquest into an endless struggle of defense" (Axelrod 35).

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They were only to give some minimal protection, for 24 hours at the most, prior to moving forwards

Higher ground gave the Germans a tactical advantage but it also forced the British to live in the foulest conditions (they would find water)

There wasn't room from people to sleep so they would have to dig out of the trench for sleeping room or just sleep in the trench

On the Bellewaarde Ridge in 1915 the British and Germans shared the same front-line trench divided by a barrier of sandbags and barbed wire

--> Structure:

The front of the trench was known as the parapet, about 10 feet high

Broken up into small sections, each screened from the other by a barrier of earth and sandbags jutting out into the trench

Box trench was built up with sandbags

Had outlets from the back, in triple lines:  the fire trench, the support trench, and the reserve trench or dugouts

Used barbed wire placed at least a grenade's throw from one's own trench,  hardly ever less than 50 ft deep

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Soldier has to use a makeshift walking stick to propel himself through the trench

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-Trenches were ankle-deep in mud.
-Mud made it hard to walk.
-It took an officer 3 hours to walk 400 yards.
-Sometimes men had to lie flat and distribute their weight evenly in order to prevent sinking in the mud.
-In one month, 16 men were lost through exhaustion and drowning in the mud.
-Cartridges and rifles clogged
-Waterproof groundsheets served as some sort of protection
-Thigh-length gum-boots worn to combat mud
-Great-coat
-Caused trench foot

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-The tanks were created by engineers of automobile companies like Mercedes-Daimler and the mass method of production devised by America's Henry Ford was used.
-The first tank, "Little Willie", was created by Great Britain (pictured below) - Sept. 19, 1915.

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Gas:

Began in April 1915 when Germany leaked this into Ypres Salient cylinders of 168 tons of gas

January 1915 Germany fired 18,000 shells at Russian Troops

Manufactured over 200,000 tons throughout the war

First used at the second battle of Ypres April 22, 1916

Chlorine Gas - Lead to a slow death by Asphyxiate

Mustard Gas - Deteriorated skin and rotted the body. Prolonged effects up to 12 hours. Death took up to 4-5 weeks.

Anti-Gas driles consisted of men running in circles and holding their noses with pieces of tow soaked in Hyposulphite and wrapped in veils in between their teeth.

Started using barge lock gauze tied with tapes to cover eyes. Given a bottle a Hyposulphate to soak.

Given a grey flannel hood with small eye pieces with phenol

2 types of tube helmet

Hood with a rubber tipped metal tube for between the teeth to breathe

1917 - Box respirator replace all of these devices and was standard to all troop

Over 27 million gas masks produced in Britain.

Guns:

Rifles were the most commonly used weapon on battleground due to their mobility.

Snipers were also a prevalent type of gun used.

Britain created a new and lighter gun, the machine gun. They began replacing their weapons on the Western Front with these machine guns.

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1. Trace the military, political, and diplomatic progress of the Great War.

2. Analyze the effect of technological developments on the progress of the Great War