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Health, employment and financial security are essential for high self-esteem. If these things are missing or lost, an individual can feel:
- that they are no longer useful
- that they are no longer independent  and can't do things for themselves
- financially insecure and anxious about how they will pay for things.
ALL OF THESE WILL REDUCE SELF-ESTEEM.
On the other hand, confidence and self-esteem may increase if:
- own their house
- have raised a family
- maybe they have their own children
- enjoying their fulfilling retirement
- if they reached a certain level in their job.

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Some people can maintain a happy & positive outlook on their life, despite having serious physical health problems.
Other people may appear to be depressed or withdrawn (even when their health is good).
The way that people react to the psychological changes depend on their attitudes & beliefs, culture & religion.

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In the past, family members cared for older people. However, some older people now are cared for in sheltered housing/ nursing or residential homes.
In some Asian cultures place great emphasis on respect and family care for older people.

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How can aging effects someones confidence and self-esteem?- Charlotte

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How can aging effects someones confidence and self-esteem?- Charlotte

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1.     How could aging effect someone’s confidence and self-esteem?

Someone’s confidence and self-esteem are not fixed and can vary as their life experience rises or falls. However, as we increase in older age, our self-esteem and confidence may also increase. This may be due to them feeling content and settled because of all the lifetime goals they have achieved in regards to their self-concept. For example, they may have been given the highest promotion within their job, bought a big house, raised a family of their own and are now living a stress-free retirement. Yet some elderly people experience a loss in self-confidence due to the increase in age and the effects of the aging process. These changes within later adulthood can cause major stress in doing activities they could once do without fault. They may feel worthless in society, for example they might not have a high-status job that once gave them authority within society. Their income may also create stress as it may be from the state pension, this could cause financial stress.

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What effects can be created from losing a partner?  

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What effects can be created from losing a partner?  

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If an individual were to lose a partner, what would the effects be?

If an individual were to experience death of their partner, many changes and effects would take place. This event would bring grief to their lifestyle as they begin to mourn their loss. They will lose a sense of safety and security due to the sudden loss of their loved one.  They will also have lost that sense of intimacy that their partner once provided before their death which will cause a strong feeling of hurt and despair. The loss of a long term relationship will affect their self-concept as they would have lost a sense of who they are. Being alone would have also impacted them negatively in regards to their self-image and self-esteem making them not wanting to live alone.

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If an individual was to lose their partner it can result in a sense of loss which will impact their security and safety, meaning they will be worried and scared when living by themselves. This could result in them wanting to move out so then they’re not alone.

Loosing there partner could also result in developing depression or anxiety which could result in not wanting to socialise with family or friends and not wanting to leave the house, making the individual feel worthless and sad. Being alone at home all day will result in affecting her self-image and self-esteem.

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Financial Concerns associated with Ageing

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Financial Concerns associated with Ageing

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Most people over the age of 65 have their own property and will have paid their full mortgage. They will have enough income to live comfortably. However, some people over 65 may rent and this may cause financial concerns as they have pressure to pay rising rent and to maintain their own property. As many people in this life stage have retired, paying household bills (e.g. rising heating costs) may cause them financial concern as they may not be as able to pay. Some older people will have an occupational pension as well as a state pension. However, some people can only rely on a state pension. This causes financial concerns because they will be receiving less benefits and may struggle with paying, for example, bills, rent and other utilities. Some people within this life stage may require specialist care due to developing illnesses or deteriorating physical health and so financial concern may become an issue when paying for certain health and social care. Another financial concern associated with ageing is the cost of nursing homes. An older person may have to pay a large amount to be under the care of a nursing home. This causes financial concern for them as they may be unable to spend a lot of money and may cause financial concern for those around them, for example, their families. People in later adulthood may experience financial abuse as they are more likely to be scammed or taken advantage of.

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If an individual were to lose a partner, what could the effects be?

Change of status resulting in anxiety or depression.

Impact on safety and security.

The loss of a long term partner is particularly difficult as people have a self-concept as a couple and loss a sense of who they are as an individual.

Being alone with impact negatively on self-esteem and self-image as they don’t want to live alone.

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An elderly individual would usually spend their free time doing different things, depending on their age and their mobility. These consist of developing their friendships, taking up new hobbies, or reliving past times. Some individuals may decide to travel whilst they have their free time, as to remain busy and enjoy time away from a work career. Others may take advantage of free bus passes and concessionary entrance costs. These in particular give elderly individuals opportunities to maintain their independence and also allow them to socialise. This is important as it reduces loneliness in their vulnerable period as it avoids the aspect of them disengaging from society. This also prevents the development of mental health issues common in the elderly population (eg. dementia). Also, these open the possibilities for new interests and relationships for the elderly. There are different things people can do, for example: walking, gardening, yoga, swimming, reading, doing puzzles etc. In particular, most elderly individuals spend their time with family or close friends. However, some others choose to extent their social links.

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Losing a close friend can be very traumatic for an elderly person. It will cause a lot of grief and stress for the individual and this can cause many psychological effects, such as depression. It can also cause cardiovascular disease due to high levels of stress hormones, especially due to the fact that elderly people have a higher risk of developing this. If the individual has no social support it can be extremely difficult to overcome these problems and find help to recover from losing a close friend. They may feel alone, irritable and depressed and this may cause them to alienate themselves from their family and friends or other social support groups that are trying to help.

High levels of stress hormones over a long time can affect the body’s systems and cause health problems such as;

Immune system: susceptibility to infection and colds especially if they are using unhealthy ways to deal with stress such as excessive alcohol consumption.

Cardiovascular system: high blood pressure, heart attacks and sudden death.

Respiratory system: breathlessness, asthma.

Digestive system: loss of appetite, gastric ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome.

Musculoskeletal system: tension headaches, taut muscles, muscular twitches.

Endocrine system:  diabetes, loss of sex drive, absence of menstruation.

People who are stressed usually causes them to have a lack of sleep and causes them to feel fatigue. This makes them be indecisive, have impaired judgement, muddles thinking and make errors. It may also make them more prone to have an accident. Stress can also affect an individual’s emotions and this will affect their self- esteem and self-image as they will feel very vulnerable as they are fragile and depressed.

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Elderly people may have more free time. How would they spend it?

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Elderly people may have more free time. How would they spend it?

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They could go out with friends or family. They could do gardening or look after the house. They could make food and prepare meals. They could go out on daytrips on their own or with others, e.g. get the train to the closest city. They could join group for elderly people, were they would go on trips and do activities. They might have lots of hobbies. They could knit, or go swimming. They could look after their grandchildren, or go on a walk. Some elderly people tend to spend a lot of time watching TV or running errands. They could get a pet, and spend a lot of their time looking after it.

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If an individual were to lose close friends, what could the affects be?

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If an individual were to lose close friends, what could the affects be?

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If an individual experiences the death of a friend it can take a long time for them to adjust to a major change. It could make them become stressed and irritable but could also lead to depression and many cardiovascular problems.

High levels of stress hormones will build up over a long period of time and will affect many of the body’s systems to cause a lot of psychological problems. Some of these will include:

The immune system = this will make the more sustainable to infections and colds, especially if they were already unhealthy beforehand. This can also include unhealthy behaviours such as a large intake of alcohol as a way of dealing with stress.

The cardiovascular system = a high blood pressure can occur which will lead to heart attacks and potentially sudden death.

The respiratory system = high stress can lead to breathlessness or even asthma.

The digestive system = a loss of appetite may occur as well as gastric and duodenal ulcers and infections such as irritable bowel syndrome.

The musculoskeletal system = can have tension headaches as well as taut muscles and muscular twitches.

The endocrine system = stress can result in diabetes, a loss of a sex drive and the absence of menstruation.

As well as having many of these problems, people who are suffering from the loss of a friend may become indecisive or have impaired judgement as well as muddled thinking and making errors. These effects can sometimes be because of an inability to sleep and a fatigue feeling. This can lead to the person becoming more accident prone.

As a result of the problems stress can rise up. This will affect the individual’s emotions as well as their self-esteem and self-image (self-concept).

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What effects may retirement have?
Retirement is when a person retires from working, which may mean less or more contact with people.

Retirement may cause disengagement, this is where a person beings to withdraw from involvement with others. Psychologists, Cumming and Henry said that older people naturally withdraw from social involvement as they begin to age. They concluded that older people will restrict their opportunities to socialise and interact with others, causing them to become more isolated and less concerned with others. They also become increasingly individual but this is all a natural part of growing older. Disengagement may be a result of losing a loved one causing loneliness and potentially depression, to fill this empty feeling they may turn to alcohol, potentially resulting in addiction.

As a result of immobility or an illness this could reduce their ability to remain active, this will physically effect their health and mentally too because they will be unable to get out and socialise with others, increasing loneliness. They may be depressed and isolated because of this and also because they are likely to be left alone for long periods of time.

However the majority of people remain socially active and involved with family and friends. Many older people look forward to retirement as they find this is the best way to engage in new/old hobbies and interests, by taking part in various activities they have the chance meet new people increasing their social life. This is good because they’ll remain both fit and active, physically and socially. Having all these opportunities will increase wellbeing and overall happiness because they aren’t isolated from people and importantly reducing illness and emotional issues such as depression.

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A death of a partner or spouse will bring grief and also a sense of loss which impacts a person’s sense of safety and security. It also changes the way the individual acts and behave such as being less talkative. In addition, a change of status may lead to anxiety or depression. When a partner dies, there is a loss of intimacy which can cause additional sense of deep pain and despair. The loss of long-term relationships is particularly challenging as people may have a self-concept as a couple and have lost a sense of who they are as an individual. Being alone will impact negatively on self-image and self-esteem which may result in not wanting to live alone.

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Retirement can be a positive thing as the elderly will have more time to remain active and socialise by taking up new hobbies etc. Many elderly residents will also take advantage of free bus passes and reduced costs meaning the elderly community can continue to be independent throughout this life stage. Many elderly people may learn new IT skills which allow them to form relationships and find new interests, it can also help them stay in contact with their loved ones. There has also been a report of those of an older age experience a considerably lower level of anxiety compared with the younger generation. Plus people who are aged 90 and over have reported a higher life satisfaction than those in their middle/younger years.

However some older people will detach themselves from society especially if a loved one has passed. This means that they may feel lonely and vulnerable resulting in a loss of independence as they start to depend on others more.

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Only one in five old people experience isolation, showing that the majority have effective social networks. Older people are more likely to vote than any other age group, showing there is an increase in interest for politics and community issues. However, the individual may have previously viewed themselves as the head of the house, providing for the rest of the family, and may find it difficult to readjust to their children growing older and taking over these functions for themselves.  If they are having to move in to a care home, they may find selling their home and possessions hard and also might have difficulties adjusting to being cared for instead of caring for someone else. Their self-esteem may deteriorate and they may gain a negative self-concept. As they age, they will retire, this changes their role as they do not have the same responsibilities as they used to. They will not be earning a steady wage, which can cause stress in many older adults. This can however, allow for more time being spent with grandchildren, this can make them happier and may make it easier for them to readjust to their children maturing and moving away from home.

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If an individual were to lose a close friends, what could the effect be?

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If an individual were to lose a close friends, what could the effect be?

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Physical effects could include problems with their hips, legs and back because they wouldn’t leave the house as often. Less exercise could also lead to high cholesterol and blood clots over time. Emotional effects could include grief and stress from losing their friend, which could also lead to depression, anxiety, increased irritability and detachment. Intellectual effects could include not being able to attend social events or clubs, because they used to attend with that friend. That friend could have also possibly been the only form of a social support network, therefore losing that network could lead to sense of isolation.

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If an individual were to lose a partner, what could the effects be?

Going through later adulthood has its pros and cons. The older generation are wiser and most have for filled their purpose and had a family. Unfortunately there are many cons of getting old. One being that their children have grown up and possibly may have started a family off their own. Due to this the elderly can feel isolated. This is why having a partner in later adulthood can have a huge positive effect on the people in the relationship.  If an individual then loses a partner it will have an overwhelming negative impact on the individual.  The individual may feel lost and stuck almost like their life is at a standstill. Furthermore this negativity could result in the individual turning to alcohol, smoking or possibly illegal substances. It also increases the chance of health risks as the induvial is under a huge amount of stress. The induvial may also feel disconnected from society as they will feel grief and bereavement.

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Old AgeWhat effects may retirement have?This gives older adults time to build new friendships by taking up new hobbies. This also gives them time to travel around the world or even just round their country and this gives them the opportunity to talk to new people, they may even end up making a new friendship with them. People in retirement enjoy the freedom from work but still continue to have a busy social life. It is also cheaper for them to live the retirement life because they have free bus passes and have access to cheaper entry payments to places. It allows them to control their own lives. But this gives them a risk of having stress because they have loss of contact with work colleagues and have difficulty having a new lifestyle. They take part in voluntary work and community work. People can still work part time while retired. Some people will have a loss of income and have loss of interest in life. 

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Old AgeWhat effects may retirement have?This gives older adults time to build new friendships by taking up new hobbies. This also gives them time to travel around the world or even just round their country and this gives them the opportunity to talk to new people, they may even end up making a new friendship with them. People in retirement enjoy the freedom from work but still continue to have a busy social life. It is also cheaper for them to live the retirement life because they have free bus passes and have access to cheaper entry payments to places. It allows them to control their own lives. But this gives them a risk of having stress because they have loss of contact with work colleagues and have difficulty having a new lifestyle. They take part in voluntary work and community work. People can still work part time while retired. Some people will have a loss of income and have loss of interest in life. 

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Taylor Cole

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If an individual was to lose close friends, what could the effects be?

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If an individual was to lose close friends, what could the effects be?

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Losing friends could cause grief and stress for the individual. This can also make them feel isolated and feel as if they’re not useful for anything anymore. This can lead to depression as it can bring a sense of own morality. Losing friends can also lead the individual to lose their appetite. If this individual is alone most of the time it will impact negatively on their self-image and self-esteem which may result in not wanting to live alone. They also may become less active and not be motivated and become more vulnerable. If the individual fails to make sense of it they may feel emotionally despair. This can also seriously decline physical health and wellbeing. They can find it hard to reach out as they tend not to ask for help because they have too much pride.

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How ageing affects confidence and self esteem

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How ageing affects confidence and self esteem

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As people age they develop changes to their appearance, such as; grey thinning hair and increase in wrinkles. They might not feel as though they can change their appearance and feel bad about themselves so they don’t end up looking after themselves and therefore lack self-esteem.

With age an older person might find simple tasks more difficult to do than a healthier, more, younger person - they cannot cope or are unable to do things that they used to do. OAP’s are now retired from their jobs and feel like they’ve lost their place in society as they’re no longer needed and cannot work like before. It is reported that “as people pass the age of 75 years old they find that there is decreasing levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and a sense of what they do in life is worthwhile.” Furthermore, from losing their job (due to being a pensioner), they might be in financial difficulty and cannot afford the lifestyle they once used to have.

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An individual losing a close friend and the effects.

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An individual losing a close friend and the effects.

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If an individual were to lose close friends, what could the effects be?

Losing a friend can be a source or grief and stress. If the case is losing social support networks it could lead to a sense of isolation. It can also make a person have a sense of their own mortality and possibly lead to depression. Another issue for their psychological health would be the anxiety of losing someone else close to them. Because of stress they could also have cardiovascular problems. Once someone is experiencing these issues it makes it harder for them to recover, especially if they have no social support. People who are stressed van be indecisive, have bad judgement, muddled thinking causing them to make a lot of errors.

Having high stress levels can also affect the body’s symptoms for example their immune system would be weaker, it can cause high blood pressure and the digestive system which could cause a loss of appetite.

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Losing a person close to your heart is a mammoth struggle, your familiar world has been flipped upside down. Feelings of fear or anxiety may be overwhelming and this can make you feel that you have little self-control left. Your emotions are everywhere as well as your thoughts which can make you feel weak, scared and certainly vulnerable. This can therefore impact on your sense of safety and make you feel insecure. However this doesn’t last forever, at the start of the bereavement process the realisation of what’s happened is very challenging but as time goes by you will be able to cope and get stronger.

Losing a loved one results in a loss of intimacy which can really affect you whilst grieving as you no longer have a shoulder to cry on or someone to be intimate with. Along with this, you could have an overwhelming sense of despair and feel extremely alone due to you just losing your other half.

Your self-esteem would also have dropped massively because you have been in a long term relationship for so long, and you’ve therefore lost sense of your identity as you aren’t used to being completely independent. This is because when together for a long time, you have a self-concept as a couple and you aren’t who you are without them.

A very high but common risk of suddenly being alone is that you may not feel as if you’re strong enough to get through it, meaning you don’t feel as if you can live life alone. This could lead to serious depression or even worse; suicide.

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How could ageing affect a person's confidence and self esteem?

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How could ageing affect a person's confidence and self esteem?

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When some people get older, they start to develop grey hairs in middle adulthood.

They also get wrinkles and develop mobility issues (usually 65+ which is later adulthood).

A woman between the ages of 40-45 can also begin to experience menopause and come to the end of their menstrual cycle.

All of these things could knock a person’s confidence and self-esteem. For example, a woman starting menopause can knock their confidence as it is a sign of ageing and that they are getting older. It can also have an effect on someone’s self-esteem as this prevents a woman from having any more children. For some women, this could affect them emotionally as they may have had an interest in having another child. This could lead to the build-up of stress and anxiety.

Stress is also a main cause to mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression.

People who are ageing may look at youth and remember that that was once them in earlier years. This could lower an individual’s self-esteem as they may fear getting older and they might miss being young with little responsibilities and a fitter, healthier body. It may also knock their confidence as the youth have yet to experience what they have already experienced (i.e. creating a family, getting a fulltime job, getting married etc…) and they are aware they can’t go back and re-live some of those moments and memories.

In the life stage of later adulthood which is 65 and over, this is where ageing can really affect someone’s self-concept. When you are in this life stage, your body becomes a lot weaker and you are less able to do things independently than you could earlier before. This could lower a person’s self-esteem because they may now become reliant on people and have to start trusting people that they may not want to rely on but feel they have no choice, when really they used to be completely independent and didn’t often need anyone’s help.

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During their free time, the elderly individual may start using this as an opportunity to meet up with friends who also have free time due to their retirement. The friends and the individual may use this free time together by attending coffee mornings with other elderly people or going to do other hobbies which they may have wanted to do but not been able to because of work. Furthermore, elderly individuals may use their spare time as a chance to relax at home with their partner (if they have one) or alone as they might not have been able to do this before. In addition to this, the elderly person may also be able to spend more time with family members. For example, there could be younger children in the family that do not go to school yet and the elderly individual (as a grandparent) could take care of them and increase their bonding time.

The individual may also spend their time learning a new hobby, this could be something as simple as knitting or learning to bake. This would take up their time instead of sitting around doing nothing practical all day every day. An additional way they could use their spare time is volunteering to help out with different local organisations such as support groups for the elderly or other. This may also take up their free time in a positive way and as they have retired, they may feel better if they know they are helping others and working in some kind of way.

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The effects that retirement may have on the elderly when they retire are things such as they may begin to feel a lot lonelier due to not doing as much in their spare time and may begin to face boredom. However the effects that retirement may have on an individual positively are things such as they may feel they can do a lot more with their spare time such as getting things done or doing activities they may not have been able to do when they had a job due to not having enough time. They will also have the positive effect that they can spend more time at home with maybe their partner or have more time to see family that they may not have been able to see when they were still in their job. Although retirement can leave a negative effect on some individuals as some enjoy working instead of sitting at home in their spare time, a lot of individuals enjoy doing their job and what they do in it as it is something they like doing so may not enjoy the fact of going into retirement, a lot of people enjoy work and find it quite boring going into retirement. Also things such as it has a positive effect on the individual as it will help them focus on their health and themselves more when they don’t have a job.

Moreover some individuals may see going into retirement as a positive effect for them as they see that they have no more responsibilities to do with their job on their hands which some can see this to be a big weight lifted off them which can then go on to improving the individuals health as they will be less stressed about the jobs they will have to do. Except there is also the negative effect that each individual will have a lower salary and have to make their retirement money last them longer than they may be used to.

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How an elderly individual would spend their time

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How an elderly individual would spend their time

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More free time enables to elderly to engage in more physical leisure activities such as activity holidays, walking or gardening which is very popular with people ages 50-70.

In addition studies found that most elderly tend to participate in some form of learning to fill their free time such as taking up new college courses or completing a university degree.

Furthermore, depending on their ages and whether they are capable enough they could travel or immigrate to another country to live out the rest of their retirement years.

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the effects of losing a partner - Daisy 

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the effects of losing a partner - Daisy 

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Physically – one common physical change is that people become exhausted and weak after the loss of a partner and through grief feel like they can’t physically do things. There are a lot of physical symptoms to going through grief and dealing with a loved one’s death and here are some of those symptoms pain, sleep difficulties, poor appetite or overeating, shakiness or trembling, listlessness, disorientation, migraines or headaches, dizziness, dry mouth, crying, numbness, shortness of breath and exhaustion.

Intellectually – becoming distracted and unable to focus because of over thinking and worrying, during these times it is best they take time to themselves to make sure they’re okay.

Emotionally – grief which is the emotional response to someone close to you dying, this can cause extreme sadness and even depression. Also you can start to feel anxious or isolated as the person you probably spent most of your time is has now gone. Loosing someone can make people feel unsafe as they are alone and they lost the safety of having someone else. People will build a relationship with someone and when they die it can be like they lost a part of themselves.

Socially – being alone can have a negative impact on a person’s self-image and self-esteem which may make them feel like they don’t want to live alone. People might isolate themselves because of the loss and grief causing them to not talk about it and can make them feel worse. For some people this may cause them to go out more and spend more time with their family and friends. Losing a partner can mean that the person has lost the only person they see regularly and socialise with meaning they are left alone and have no one to express themselves to which can cause people to close in and repress emotions.

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What effects do retirement have? Molly FlahertyRetirement can affect old or elderly in many different ways some benefit from it and some don’t enjoy being retired. Firstly some people who have retired have financial problems, they don’t like the idea of not earning their own money anymore hand having to get it off somebody else. Also the fact that you have free days every single day, this can make people very bored especially if they are so old that they are unable to get out. However some elderly people benefit from retiring as getting to work spending a whole day at work they coming home was getting too much for them due to their age and the conditions they were in whilst they were working for example someone might be glad to retire because they are developing a bad back and they can’t work any longer because of the pain that they are in. Some also enjoy the free time to constantly relax as they are getting older and maybe have more time to do things such as shopping etc. the biggest problems with retirement is keeping money in control and only spending it on thigs that they definitely need such as food shopping and bills. The most common thing to happen to someone who has retired is that they can no longer afford bills because they are spending the money that they get on unreasonable things, which gets a lot of old people in dept. which means they will have to give all their money away to the companies which provide them with heating etc. as soon as they get the money so they can’t spend their money on priority’s which they need such as food to keep them aliveAs people get older their self-esteem can be effected because the things they are lacking in being able to do now. This can make an elderly person feel very down because they want to be able to do things which they were perfectly able to do in the past when they were at a younger age. This can cause a lot of problems and make older people not want to even leave the house. Especially if they aren’t going out for a purpose like they used to like going to work so they had a reason to leave the house but now they are retired. It can even lead to a person getting depressed because they feel as if they have nothing to wake up for anymore especially if spouse is no longer alive. Also peoples self-image will be effected because when people are retired they have a lot of free time in their hands and not always can people fill that time with something to do 24/7 so old people can become very lazy and research has shown that people who retire are guaranteed to gain weight because they are not as active anymore and their health isn’t very good because of the lack of exercise they are doing now that they are not working.  If the health is bad and the person who has retired is gaining weight then the person is going to have a negative self-imagine on the way that they look because they are gaining weight, this can also lead to a change in diet as they get older because they are doing less they are going to start eating more healthier foods because they are trying to avoid gaining a lot of weight.

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What effects do retirement have? Molly FlahertyRetirement can affect old or elderly in many different ways some benefit from it and some don’t enjoy being retired. Firstly some people who have retired have financial problems, they don’t like the idea of not earning their own money anymore hand having to get it off somebody else. Also the fact that you have free days every single day, this can make people very bored especially if they are so old that they are unable to get out. However some elderly people benefit from retiring as getting to work spending a whole day at work they coming home was getting too much for them due to their age and the conditions they were in whilst they were working for example someone might be glad to retire because they are developing a bad back and they can’t work any longer because of the pain that they are in. Some also enjoy the free time to constantly relax as they are getting older and maybe have more time to do things such as shopping etc. the biggest problems with retirement is keeping money in control and only spending it on thigs that they definitely need such as food shopping and bills. The most common thing to happen to someone who has retired is that they can no longer afford bills because they are spending the money that they get on unreasonable things, which gets a lot of old people in dept. which means they will have to give all their money away to the companies which provide them with heating etc. as soon as they get the money so they can’t spend their money on priority’s which they need such as food to keep them aliveAs people get older their self-esteem can be effected because the things they are lacking in being able to do now. This can make an elderly person feel very down because they want to be able to do things which they were perfectly able to do in the past when they were at a younger age. This can cause a lot of problems and make older people not want to even leave the house. Especially if they aren’t going out for a purpose like they used to like going to work so they had a reason to leave the house but now they are retired. It can even lead to a person getting depressed because they feel as if they have nothing to wake up for anymore especially if spouse is no longer alive. Also peoples self-image will be effected because when people are retired they have a lot of free time in their hands and not always can people fill that time with something to do 24/7 so old people can become very lazy and research has shown that people who retire are guaranteed to gain weight because they are not as active anymore and their health isn’t very good because of the lack of exercise they are doing now that they are not working.  If the health is bad and the person who has retired is gaining weight then the person is going to have a negative self-imagine on the way that they look because they are gaining weight, this can also lead to a change in diet as they get older because they are doing less they are going to start eating more healthier foods because they are trying to avoid gaining a lot of weight.

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3) If an individual were to lose a partner, what could the effects be?

o   They will feel lonely as they may have been with their partner for a number of years so they will miss having them around the home and will be grieving their loved one.

o   Feel depressed as they don’t have anyone close to talk to anymore, they also depended on that person for just daily tasks like them waking the up in the morning and will feel really upset when they’re not there to comfort them.

o   They will have more responsibility as many elderly couples usually have set roles within their marriage e.g. they may now have to wash their own clothes, prepare meals and do the dishes.

o   They will feel isolated e.g. Often, older couples are always together and therefore don’t feel the need to develop a wider social network. The loss of their life-long companion is felt in every aspect of their day as well as having to sleep alone, often for the first time in decades.

o   They may feel unsafe and scared to live alone now that their partner is gone, this may cause them to move out or possibly go to a retirement home so they’re not alone and around more people.

o   It may affect them physically in the sense that they will not eat properly therefore they will lose weight and not be as healthy as they were before.

o   They may not go out the house as much as they do not feel the need to or have the motivation to do so as their partner is not there to prompt them to maybe go to the shops to buy food.

o   If he/she did socialise with friends their age they may not want to go out and socialise with anyone without their partner by their side, will not want to go out as much knowing they will not be any happier.

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Effects retirement have on elderly people?

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Effects retirement have on elderly people?

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Chloe Adam

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Effects retirement have on elderly people

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Q4. If an individual were to lose close friends, what would the effects be?If an individual were to lose close friends, there would be lots of negative effects on them. It’s likely they would feel lonely and isolated because they’re beginning to have less people to talk to and spend time with. This individual may get used to close ones dying and won’t see it as a surprise anymore. They may gradually find it easier to move forward with each death of a friends as it’s becoming a common and usual thing for them to go through. Close friends dying might not seem like a surprise or shock anymore.Attending funerals would become a more common thing as someone grows older and may make them realise how old they actually are since many old and new friends have died. This will be because they’d have to at some point come to terms with the fact that they tend to have a lot less people that they are now close to. Someone who goes through this may feel like the main thing that they do in life is just grieve and spread the news to others.It’s very distressing and stressful for an individual to cope with their close friends dying, especially if there are many friends passing away. However, it can also greatly impact a person if they are only really close to one person and then they pass away. This is because the one person that they relied on and spend lots of their time with is gone so they no longer know what to do with themselves and they feel lonely and unloved.Stress from someone’s friends dying can cause a lack of sleep and make them feel fatigued. This can affect their emotions and also the way that they act and behave.

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Q4. If an individual were to lose close friends, what would the effects be?If an individual were to lose close friends, there would be lots of negative effects on them. It’s likely they would feel lonely and isolated because they’re beginning to have less people to talk to and spend time with. This individual may get used to close ones dying and won’t see it as a surprise anymore. They may gradually find it easier to move forward with each death of a friends as it’s becoming a common and usual thing for them to go through. Close friends dying might not seem like a surprise or shock anymore.Attending funerals would become a more common thing as someone grows older and may make them realise how old they actually are since many old and new friends have died. This will be because they’d have to at some point come to terms with the fact that they tend to have a lot less people that they are now close to. Someone who goes through this may feel like the main thing that they do in life is just grieve and spread the news to others.It’s very distressing and stressful for an individual to cope with their close friends dying, especially if there are many friends passing away. However, it can also greatly impact a person if they are only really close to one person and then they pass away. This is because the one person that they relied on and spend lots of their time with is gone so they no longer know what to do with themselves and they feel lonely and unloved.Stress from someone’s friends dying can cause a lack of sleep and make them feel fatigued. This can affect their emotions and also the way that they act and behave.

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How could ageing affect a person’s confidence and self-esteem?

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How could ageing affect a person’s confidence and self-esteem?

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Ageing could affect an individual’s confidence and self-esteem in many ways, one being that as an individual gets older they could start to loose friends as people start breaking up and having families. This means that the individual could have little or no friends, this could lead to their self-esteem being affected in a negative way as they could think they are no longer good enough for their friends. It could affect an individual’s self-confidence as they could start to feel ugly as they get older and start to look different, such as they get grey hair, wrinkly, thinning hair, this could make them feel conscious about how they look as they will have less muscle/fat and get wrinkly.

As a women starts to age and enter menopause this could drop her self-esteem massively, this is as her menstrual cycles will stop, therefore, she could feel less of a women as she can no longer carry a child if she wished to, this would affect women who haven’t conceived a child self-esteem more. This is similar to when a male ages and stops being able to conceive a child, this could make them feel bad and effect their self-confidence as they could feel less powerful not being able to conceive a child, again, this would affect men who have not had children yet over those who have. This could cause a lot of stress for an older person to be able to cope with, especially if they have no family and friends around, this is bad as stress is the number one cause for anxiety and depression, which is also common in older people.