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Overall and Outline - Sirirada
Content - Janja, Maprang, Nithiwuth, Teera, Sarah, Abby, Danny
Visual - Hamleys
Speakers - Gavin, Grace

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The most active current solution, particularly to increase local air quality is looking at a mass transport system that can bring massive numbers of people in and out of the city while encouraging them to leave their vehicles at home. Bangkok is planning 12 more rapid transit train lines but they will not be ready until 2029.

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Tourism
- Although tourism can earn profits for local people and the city, the environment around that area is destroyed as well. When more people visit the attraction, more and more wastes were dumped in particular area and it could be worse when it combined with natural disasters. There is strong positive correlation between the number of tourists and plastic garbages. Due to the fact, at least 55 major roads in Bangkok were submerged under the water ranged from 30cm to thigh-level

after heavy rain in Bangkok and there were evidences that were blocked from going through the sewage by plastic wastes.
http://www.khaosodenglish.com/featured/2017/10/14/heavy-rains-leave-bangkok-swimming-floods/
https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/1342275/widespread-floods-in-bangkok-after-heavy-rain
Gentrification
- According to Forbes, Bangkok was ranked at The World's best street food city. Unfortunately, as the city develops, these street food vendors would be priced out or forced to move. One of the most popular street food location, sukhumvit 38 alley, is one example of gentrification happening in Bangkok. Landlord sold the land to real estate developer which will force every single shops to move out and many people took this as opportunity to increase property rental price around the area. Condominiums will increase population density in certain area compared to undeveloped past, as such, creating more traffic and waste which will result in dramatically increased pollution.
https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/feb/12/bangkok-street-food-stalls-under-threat
https://www.forbes.com/pictures/ehlk45fiii/1-bangkok-thailand-3/#748a6121386e
Mall Culture
- Shopping malls are frequently reported for causing pollutions and releasing large amount of waste to surrounding areas. Waste management is critical for eliminating pollutions and keeping surrounding areas clean. One of the popular malls in Thailand, Siam One, were reported for producing threatening, almost 6 times more than the level that considered as "high alarm", quantities of hydrogen sulfide. This particular toxic caused respiratory system problems to people around the area due to the fact that they failed to treat waste water.
https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/do-not-breathe-dangerous-toxic-gas-found-siam-square-one/

Urbanization

The are many growing urban problems in Bangkok, including land use problems, traffic congestion and air and water quality. Bangkok also has a slum in a district called the Klong Toey which is in great need of help.

-          LAND USE

A main problem in Bangkok is the massive number of concrete buildings. Thais have close to no zoning laws, and they use to this to build up any concrete building they want. The amount of buildings being built each year in Bangkok is increasing and is endangering the people of Bangkok.

-          TRAFFIC CONGESTION

The amount of transportation has increased rapidly and is the main reason for Bangkok’s pollution. From early morning to late at night, no matter where you're going, you'll sit in a traffic jam barely moving 100 metres in 10 minutes.

-         WATER AND AIR POLLUTION

The water is black with pollution and unable to support marine life. The canals are suffering from low oxygen levels and they often give off odors

-         SLUMS

The slum is one of the country’s 5,500 slum communities and covers an area of around a 1600 km squared and is home to around 100,000 people
https://megacitiesbangkok.weebly.com/urban-problems--solutions.html

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Tourism
It is important to find ways to keep Bangkok clean all the time especially at the tourist attractions because it is the appearance of our city. More people, more trashes are thrown, so how can we keep it clean because we can’t keep watching and direct every trash to the bin. What we can do is promoting a campaign such as “Keep Bangkok clean.” We all need to help each other, the government and us! Alone cannot do but together is possible. Government need to help giving out bins to places where it is still lacking. Posters can be put to encourage both the locals and the tourists to help Bangkok clean. With just a hand from everyone, we can have better environment.

“Just trashing them in the bin.”

“1 person 1 trash, for better Bangkok”

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Lowe, I. (2010) Climate will strangle growth - if we dont!, in: Gleeson, B. and Steele, W. (eds.) A Climate for Growth (St Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press). p75-87

Martino, D. (2009). "'Sustainable Cities': No Oxymoron." Ethics, Place & Environment 12(2): 235-253.

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As mall culture is such a huge part of life in Bangkok it is important to implement some new ideas in order to improve sustainability in the future.

- As malls would generate a lot of waste, especially plastics, it would benefit greatly to emphasise the importance of recycling. This could be by having more recycle bins around and make them more easily accessible.

- Make sure all electricity sources are environmentally friendly. Such as, energy efficient light bulbs, solar panels, sustainable water systems.

- In the future more stairs could be used instead of escalators.

- Could use the power from human used machinery such as gym equipment to power other sources like lights, air conditioning etc.

- Censored lighting and water faucets to save energy and decrease water usage.

- As malls are a huge part of young peoples lives in Bangkok, it could be beneficial to use the school platform to encourage sustainability and recycling particularly in malls.

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A large outcome with urbanization is the growth of densely populated slums. Practical lessons for sustainable development could well be drawn from the many “compact” mixed-used slums. They are the results of spatial, social, and economic stratification, usually located where environmental deterioration is at its worst. In order to improve the sustainability within the slums, education is at the center. Once the people living in the less desirable areas of Bangkok are taught characteristics of sustainability, they are more likely to replicate those ideas. Some of these community-based environmental management routines that could be practiced within the slums are:

Compact settlements, in which most community services are within walking distance of most houses

Employment in or near the community

Social capital and the exchange of favors in the construction of houses, the provision of childcare, and other services

Relatively strong awareness of environmental issues and their relation to livelihood – with assistance from external agencies (involving networking and the sharing of lessons and experiences from other communities), and activism

Out of necessity, the efficient use of energy and resources

Recycling of building materials and waste

Sintusingha S. (2011) Bangkok’s Urban Evolution: Challenges and Opportunities for Urban Sustainability. In: Sorensen A., Okata J. (eds) Megacities. Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration, vol 10. Springer, Tokyo

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High Noise and Light Pollution, High Water Pollution, which has additional effects such as high
Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City and moderate
Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City.

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Hundreds of tons of plastic trash in sea off Thailand

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A trail of trash in a Thailand waterway is causing a big stink. Environmentalists say it's highlighting one of the biggest threats to the world's oceans: plastic waste. Millions-of-tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year, killing marine life and polluting the environment. CGTN's Martin Lowe reports.

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The Majestic Plastic Bag - A Mockumentary

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Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

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Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region