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The amount of light an object reflects relative to it's surroundings

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Suggested that the corners in our rectangularly carpentered world teach us to interpret " outward" or "inward" pointing arrowheads at the ends of a line as a cue to the lines distance from is and so to it's length

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a geometrical-optical illusion that suggest that the human mind judges an object's size based on its background.

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We perceive objects as having a constant size, even while our distance from them varies

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Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes

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If one object partially blocks our view of another, We perceive it as closer.

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If we assume that two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away. To a driver, distant pedestrians appear smaller, which also means that small- looking pedestrians( children) may sometimes be misperceived as more distant than they are

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Depth cues, such as interpostition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

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A binocular cue for perceiving depth; By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity( difference) between the two images, the closer the object

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A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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Becuase light from distant objects passed through more atmospheres, we perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects.

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Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge with distance

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Because they are uniform and linked, We perceive the two dots and the line between them as a single unit

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We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.

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We group nearby figures together. We see not six separate lines, but three sets of two lines

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The organization of the visual field into objects( the figures)that stand out from their surroundings( the ground)

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Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

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The tendency for vision to dominate the other sneses

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The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional allows is to judge distance

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The perceptual tendency to organize stmuli into coherent groups

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We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole,object

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We group together figures that are similar to each other. We seethe triangles and circles as vertical columns of similar shapes, not horizontal rows of  dissimilar sgsoes

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A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at.an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object

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An organized whole. Gesalt psychologist emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes