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the amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings

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Suggests that the corners in our rectangularly carpentered world teach us to interpret "outward" or "inward" pointing arrowheads at the ends of a line as a cue to the lines distance from us and to its length

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A visual trick

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A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular

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Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes

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Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge with distance

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As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move

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We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away. Because we perceive the lower part of a figure-ground illustration as closer, we perceive it as figure

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A gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed

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Because light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere, we perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects

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If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

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If we assume that two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away

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depth cues, such as interposition and liner perspective, available to either eye alone

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a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object

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a binocular cue fro perceiving depth: by comparing images from two eyeballs, the brain computes distance-- the greater the disparity (diifference) between two images, the closer the object

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depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

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a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

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Because they are uniform and linked, we perceive the two dots and the line between them as a single unit

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We perceive smooth, continuous patterns  rather than discontinuous ones

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We group together figures that are similar to each other

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we group nearby figures together. We see not six seperate lines, but three sets of two lines

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the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

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the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

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the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground

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an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

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the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses