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1)   What are civil rights and freedoms?

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1)   What are civil rights and freedoms?

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Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples physical and mental safety, protection from discrimination. Civil rights and freedoms limits the power that the government has over it's citizens.

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Human rights protect people from being unfairly discriminated against by other individuals.

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3) In early human history, what was law most concerned with? And least concerned with?

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3) In early human history, what was law most concerned with? And least concerned with?

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Law was about the survival of the fittest. The least concerned area of law was fairness, justice or freedom.

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4(a) Explain the significance of the following:                       (a) Magna Carta                              

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4(a) Explain the significance of the following:                       (a) Magna Carta                              

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A  document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges that the nobles forced King John to sign to prove that established the king was not above all things

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The bill creates separation of power and limits the powers of kings and queens, as well as enhance the democratic election.

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Natural rights are a set of rights that first appeared near the end of the 17th century in the West. The people thought that the right to life, liberty and security existed separately from any rights or duties created by other parties (government, religion, society). People in power in this time felt threatened by this ideology.

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4(e)  Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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4(e)  Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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4(h)  Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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4(h)  Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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It was the first time that nations from around the world had signed a formal agreement on specific rights and freedoms for all human beings

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Abraham Lincoln did a short speech that the people who died for the American ideal of freedom and that freedom extended to everyone

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Country's first federal law to protect human rights and freedom on August 10, 1960.

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4(d)  American Declaration of Independence

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4(d)  American Declaration of Independence

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It proclaimed the existence of a new country, the United States of America

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7) What is the intent of the CRF? How much force does the Charter have?

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7) What is the intent of the CRF? How much force does the Charter have?

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The intent of the CRF is to limit the power of the government. The CRF seems to carry a great deal of force as typically only the supreme court deals with it. Even before it has to be determined if a case concerning the charter is within or outside the authority of the government

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8) How has the role of the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) changed as a result of the Charter? What controversy or debate has arisen as a result of these changes?

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8) How has the role of the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) changed as a result of the Charter? What controversy or debate has arisen as a result of these changes?

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4(i)  Martin Luther King's "I have a dream..."

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4(i)  Martin Luther King's "I have a dream..."

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The significance of the "i have a dream" speech is that he gathered a large number of the black community to come and support him in his rallies for equality. His speech drew a large amount of attention and publicity to the racial inequality that was plaguing america at the time, which helped to change laws around segregation and other rules regarding the way blacks were treated.

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6) Within the context of the Charter, define the following terms: (a) Entrenched (b) Infringed (c) Remedy (d) Reasonable Limits Clause (e) Notwithstanding Clause

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6) Within the context of the Charter, define the following terms: (a) Entrenched (b) Infringed (c) Remedy (d) Reasonable Limits Clause (e) Notwithstanding Clause

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A right and freedom within the constitution would be entrenched, meaning that it is a part of it.

Charter rights can be violated which also means that they have been infringed. If this is the case, they are able to apply to a court.

Remedy means that if your rights were infringed, they can be restored as long as the court considers it appropriate and fair. (?)

The 'Reasonable Limits Clause' is a clause that has boundaries, which states that although laws can be set, there has to be the addition that the law must be appropriate for a democratic society.

The 'Notwithstanding Clause' is a clause that allows provincial and territorial governments to enact in legislation despite the fact that it might violate with the Charter.