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Established around 2700 BCE
Flourished around 2000-1450 BCE
Destroyed around 1400 BCE
Created fantastic art works

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The Mycenaean civilization was  between 1650 and 1200 BC.

their culture collapsed from natural disasters

Frequent wars and battles

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The Greek Dark Ages was considered the period between 1100 and 750 BCE. Transitioning from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Homer set the Greek ideals through his stories of heroism.

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Started with 4 villages at southeastern Peloponnesus

Conquest of Messenia (ca. 730–710 b.c.e.)

Beginning of Peloponnesian League (ca. 560–550 b.c.e.)

Three layers of people: citizens, Perioikoi (who were free inhabitants but need to give government money and sometimes need to perform military service for Sparta), Helots (slaves who were forced to work at farms)

Lycurgus: who decided to turn Sparta to a perpetual military camp. Also, he was the law-giver for oligarchy

Oligarchy was used in Sparta, where there were assembly only for males, to elect males to perform different positions.

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Athens was founded in 3000 BC

it was home to art and culture

theater was a main form of entertainment for ancient Athenians.

Solon’s reforms (594–593 b.c.e.)

Tyranny of Pisistratus  (ca. 560–556 and 546–527 b.c.e.)

End of tyranny (510 b.c.e)

Cleisthenes’s reforms (ca. 508–501 b.c.e.)

Solon: canceled all land debt but failed to deal with Athens' economic crisis

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Athens was first attacked by the Persians after they assisted the Ionian Greek cities that revolted against Persia.
There was the Battle of Marathon in which the Athenians won. Leading to the Battle of Thermopylae. A small group of Spartans held back the Persians for 7 days. Giving time for Athens to prepare for the Persians invasion. The Greeks won in the end.

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Athens made the delian league to protect the city and  liberate eastern Greek cities from Persian rule.

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After the Delian League was formed Athens grew in wealth and power. Athens tried to expand its empire.

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Athens vs. Sparta

Delian League threatened Sparta

Process: Plague over Athens, 1/3 of people died, Pericles died too

Outcome: Athens lost, lost land empire, Delian League was over, power being diminished