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It dates from the 4th millenium BCE. The form of government was a theocratic monarchy, ruled by the pharaoh by a mandate of the gods.  Agriculture was based cereal crops, barley,  and chiefly emmer wheat. The social pyramid consisted of:

1. Pharaoh

2. Government officials (viziers, high priests and nobels)

3. Soldiers

4. Scribes

5. Merchants

6. Craftsmen

7. Peasants.

Ancient Egypt was the first civilization to treat woman equally, they even had female leaders.

SOURCE:
http://edss470assignment2.weebly.com/civics--citizenship.html

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From the start Rome had an   organized  military. Tradition has it that Rome had seven kings before it became a republic.
After victory in the Latin War, Rome granted citizens’ rights, short of voting, to its conquered foes. The dome of the Pantheon in Rome is still the world’s largest unsupported concrete dome.

Much of the Romans’ architectural mastery is due to their use of concrete

SOURCE: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/

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The Middle Ages refers to a time in European history from 400-1500 AD. It occurred between the fall of the Roman Empire   and the Renaissance.

Historians usually divide the Middle Ages into three smaller periods called the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages.

During the Renaissance, scholars and thinkers began to call the preceding era as the Middle Ages as it separated the culture of ancient Rome  and Greece, and the Renaissance. Some called the early period the Dark Ages when Europe was overrun by the Byzantines and Arabs.

SOURCE: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/middle-ages

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It was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Its bases are that the human reasoning could discover the truths of the world, religion and politics. Skepticism was also really important.

Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets.

In the mid-18th century, Paris became the center of philosophic and scientific activity challenging traditional doctrines and dogmas. The philosophical movement was led by Voltaire  and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued for a society based upon reason as in ancient Greece rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation.

The enlightment produced numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions.

Some of its direct results ere the French and American Revolution.

The roots of the enlightment take place in the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation.

SOURCE:
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/enlightenment

https://www.britannica.com/event/Enlightenment-European-history

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The form of government was an "Athenian Democracy", which has greatly  influenced our demoracy as well as being one of the largest ones in terms of population.  However, only free adult men were considered citizens, therefore only 20 percent of the population were allowed to vote, own lands, participate in any political activity, among others.

SOURCE:
https://erenow.net/ancient/ancient-greece-and-rome-an-encyclopedia-for-students-4-volume-set/89.php#:~:text=Ancient%20Greek%20and%20Roman%20societies,considered%20subordinate%20did%20not%20possess.&text=In%20Greece%2C%20citizenship%20meant%20sharing,%2C%20or%20city%2Dstate*.

https://www.ushistory.org/civ/5b.asp

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In 1830, when the Republic of Ecuador was founded there was no universal vote, only men of legal age who owned property and dependents were allowed to vote. In 1929, the vote for women was activated and 50 years later the vote for illiterates. As of 2008, the optional vote was implemented from age 16. Currently the constitution of 2008 is in force. The political system is a democracy and the government regime is presidentialism.

SOURCE:
https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Ecuador/english08.html

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The development and growth of the United States during this era was influenced by helping Europe recover from World War II and U.S. involvement in other wars--mainly the Cold War with the Soviet Union and the Vietnam and Korean Wars.

During this time, Americans went to the moon, ushered in the civil rights movement and the fight for equal rights for women, established relations with China, and witnessed the fall of communism in Russia and Eastern Europe.

SOURCE:
https://www.toppr.com/guides/general-knowledge/world-history/modern-world-history/