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Queen's Bedroom, Charlottenburg Castle, Germany (1776-1810)

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Queen's Bedroom, Charlottenburg Castle, Germany (1776-1810)

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Drawing Room, Greymuller Schlossl House, Germany (1820 - 1830)

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Drawing Room, Greymuller Schlossl House, Germany (1820 - 1830)

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Secretaire by Karl Friedrich Schinkel; early 19th century

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Secretaire by Karl Friedrich Schinkel; early 19th century

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The Middle class cannot afford the expensive lifestyle of the upper class so they focused on comfort and simplicity.
Characteristics: Good lighting, warm wool and bright colors

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These include classical motifs such as columns, Egyptian terms, pediments, Greek key or fret, ancanthus leaves, palmettes, lyers, urns, hearts, arrows, and a stylized Prince of Wales motif.

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characterizes Beidermeier furniture.

It is light in scale and uses light colored local woods.

Its design is usuallly composed of geometric pieces that do not blend with each other.

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The facade of Shauspielhaus (Royal Theater now know as Konzerthaus) in Berlin, Germany designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel

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They usually hang mirrors, family portraits, or silhouettes on their walls

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The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate.  The gate consists of twelve doric columns, six to each side, forming five passageways. Citizens were originally allowed to use only the outermost two on each side.( Its design is based on the propylea the gateway to the acropolis in Athens,Greece,) and is consistent with Berlin's history of architectural classicism. Berlin was also influenced by baroque and neo-palladian.

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Characterized by classical element-- pediment and rectangular framework

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1. German Greek Revival: derives its details from Roman architecture and ancient Greek. The style features Greek and Roman temple forms, the Greek orders, plain walls, and minimal classically derived ornament.
2. Biedermeier: interiors display bright colors, good lighting, warm woods, plants, and flowers, contributing to an inviting atmosphere. lots of furniture – especially chairs to support numerous activities. Families personalize each home to be their own with portraits and collectables.
3. types: museums, monuments, gateways, galleries, theaters, prisons, factories, markets, squares, row houses, apartments, and palaces.
4. floor plans: symmetrical and rectangular in shape
5. materials: brick in northern germany but others prefer local stone. (Colored brick, terra-cotta, and cast iron are introduced).
6. facades: temple fronts or colonnades announce important buildings
7. windows: columns, pilasters, or plain lintels may accentuate rectangular windows
8. doors: porticoes, temple fronts, or aedicula define and emphasize entrances
9. roofs: low pitched gabled roofs

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Favors Greek architecture over Roman architecture

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Colors of Interiors for Private Buildings

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Colors of Interiors for Private Buildings

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light & bright

Typical palette:

green, blue, yellow, gray, & brown

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Northern Germany favors brick, other area use local materials

Schinkel introduces colored brick, terra-cotta, and cast iron

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Because the political activism was prohibited by Prince Clemens von Metternich of Austria, the people focused on their homes and families and decided to prioritize practicality and coziness of interiors that is why common themes for interiors and furnishings revolve around family values, simplicity, and modesty. 

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Because the political activism was prohibited by Prince Clemens von Metternich of Austria, the people focused on their homes and families and decided to prioritize practicality and coziness of interiors that is why common themes for interiors and furnishings revolve around family values, simplicity, and modesty. 

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The period being tagged as the "golden age for music and literature" also influence the decorative feature that be reflected in interiors, architectural element, and even furniture through the lyre motif.

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The period being tagged as the "golden age for music and literature" also influence the decorative feature that be reflected in interiors, architectural element, and even furniture through the lyre motif.

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Wood planks

Occasionally parquet

Wall-to-wall carpet or area rugs

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The interior of Greek revival reflected the ancient Greek culture. Like the "Greek revival" meant, this period revived the design style and the decorative arts of the ancient Greece. It's like everything was back to the classical milieu.  Symmetry, huge scales, marble sculptures, classical orders, etc.

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Greek revival started through archaeology. Archaeological excavations in Greece uncovered illustrations, sculptures, and writings from the world of classical Greece. These past illustrations of temples and sculptures fascinated the then Greece and sparked the revival of the past.

European architects developed their own architectural style which became popular in Europe as well as in America. Thomas Jefferson used classical architectural elements on new buildings. His design of the Virginia State Capitol building in 1785, reflected classical Greek elements.

Greek revival structures reflect the symmetry of ancient Greek structures. Usage of capital (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian).

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symmetry, repose, and concern for proportion, rationalism, geometric forms

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The interiors as well as the architecture reflected greek style. It revived the motifs, ornamentation and interiors with the country's own twist making it their own. I think that the renewed interest in greek revival of art and its architecture stems from the want to recreate collosal buildings that reflect the city's wealth and taste.

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Locally-available materials were favored compared to exotic ones like Mahogany.

(from: https://ocoochhardwoods.com/scroll-saw-lumber/ash/)

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Locally-available materials were favored compared to exotic ones like Mahogany.

(from: https://www.gothiccabinetcraft.com/pages/birch-wood-finishes/birch-wood-unfinished-raw/)

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Locally-available materials were favored compared to exotic ones like Mahogany.

(from: https://ocoochhardwoods.com/scroll-saw-lumber/cherry/)

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Locally-available materials were favored compared to exotic ones like Mahogany.

(from: https://ocoochhardwoods.com/scroll-saw-lumber/HardMaple/)

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Furniture in the Greek Revival have inlays and marquetry. They can also be painted or gilded as seen on the legs or corners.

(from: https://michellegoetz.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/late-neoclassical/)

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Unlike the middle class whose choice of color is light and bright as implied in Biedermeier, the higher class still preferred the Empire style with colors of deep red, magenta, blue, green. yellow and purple.

As a reference to the colors of the empire style, here is the Empress Josephine's Room

(from: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/403142604116010890/)

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Simple white muslin swags multiple brightly colored swags Floor length curtains and glass curtain hang under swags
Columns,  pilasters, or plain lintels may accentuate rectangular windows These form a grid across the facade

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doors Porticoes
Temple Fronts

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Columns,
pilasters, or plain lintels may accentuate rectangular windows These form a grid across the facade

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(from: https://aidamola.com/2020/02/14/konzerthaus-berlin/)

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Schauspielhaus: This German Greek Revival Style

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Schauspielhaus: This German Greek Revival Style

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This German Greek Revival style shows preference of Greek architectural details like the Greek Doric and Corinthian, over its Roman counterparts as they value honesty in structure.

(from: https://barnimages.com/konzerthaus-berlin/)

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While there are still lingering interest in using the French Empire style especially by the upper class, it is important to note that such time was when the German Confederation was formed in attempts to mitigate the economic, political and social problems brought about by the failing Roman Empire.

This in turn brought comfort and growth in the middle class as seen in the Biedermeier style.

(The 1815 German Unification from: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/423619908674719573/)

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The orders include Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

(from: https://www.thoughtco.com/another-look-at-types-of-columns-177524)

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Floor plans during the revival were symmetrical. They have rectangular or square spaces, but they can also have round or apsidal spaces. An example is the ground, first and second floors of the Altes Museum by  Karl Friedrich Schinkel

(from: https://www.dse.univr.it/documenti/OccorrenzaIns/matdid/matdid467058.pdf)

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As seen in the Konzerthaus, walls have classical proportions highlighting symmetry. They may possess friezes or cornices on their dados; gilded carvings that can be also in the balconies. Architectural elements of pilasters, columns and pediments, all made of marble or stone, and can be a pedestal for statues, are also present.

(from: https://aidamola.com/2020/02/14/konzerthaus-berlin/)

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Coffered Domed Ceiling of the Altes Museum

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Coffered Domed Ceiling of the Altes Museum

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(from: https://www.dse.univr.it/documenti/OccorrenzaIns/matdid/matdid467058.pdf)

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As seen in the Schauspielhaus, now Konzerthaus, the empire style of the Greek revival is seen through carved wood or stuccowork that are painted or gilded.

(from: https://aidamola.com/2020/02/14/konzerthaus-berlin/)

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Antique German Porcelain Wall Plaque of Helios: God of the Sun

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Antique German Porcelain Wall Plaque of Helios: God of the Sun

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(from: https://aidamola.com/2020/02/14/konzerthaus-berlin/)

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Antique German Figural Dresden Meissen Hand Painted and Gilt Porcelain Cupid

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Antique German Figural Dresden Meissen Hand Painted and Gilt Porcelain Cupid

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German 19th Century Berlin Porcelain Kpm Covered Bacchus Tureen Centerpiece

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German 19th Century Berlin Porcelain Kpm Covered Bacchus Tureen Centerpiece

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(from: https://www.dse.univr.it/documenti/OccorrenzaIns/matdid/matdid467058.pdf)

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LOW-PITCHED GABLED - typical

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Natural Lighting: from large windows

Artificial Lighting: from ceiling fixtures:

lanterns/small chandeliers,

sconces,

candlesticks,

& oil lamps(few people can afford this)

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Inlay

Marquetry

Porcelain or Glass Plaques

Painted, stenciled or transfer-printed decorations

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"Its exterior is demonstrative of impressive neoclassical architecture while its interior harbors the antiquities collection. It was placed under the UNESCO World Heritage Sites umbrella and has adorned the protected title since 1999, along with the other spectacular bastions of artistic antiquity on Museum Island (Pierce, 2016)."