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Jammu and Kashmir (Triyan Mitra XI Humanities A)

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Jammu and Kashmir (Triyan Mitra XI Humanities A)

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Jammu and Kashmir, officially known as the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, which was recently divided into two union territories, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh, with effect from 31 October 2019.

Popularly known as "Paradise on Earth", Jammu and Kashmir is world famous for its scenic splendour, snow-capped mountains, plentiful wildlife, exquisite monuments, hospitable people and local handicrafts. The experience of visiting Jammu and Kashmir will be a memorable one as the state will appeal to you with its scenic beauty and snow-covered mountain ranges.

It's capital is Shrinagar during summers and Jammu during the winters as during winters, Srinagar becomes geographically challenging due to the blockage of National Highways and landslides. Thus every year the capital is shifted to Jammu to make sure that the trade and business do not suffer.

Jammu is famous for its temples, while Kashmir Valley is known for its lakes and gardens. Jammu and Kashmir has agro-climatic conditions best suited for horticulture and floriculture. Horticulture is the mainstay of the rural economy, providing employment to large number of local inhabitants. Some of the main festivals of Kashmir include Lohri, Holi, Navratri, Baisakhi or New Year Day, Guru Ravi Das's Birthday, Tihar and Sankranti.

What is the famous dance of Jammu and Kashmir you ask? the Dumhal is a famous dance performed by men of the Wattal region of Kashmir valley. The major proportion of the population consists of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Jains, meanwhile Buddhists and Christians are in lesser proportions.

Some facts about Jammu & Kashmir :-
• The ruins of Martand Sun Temple is located in Kashmir. It was built around the 8th century CE.
• India’s first floating post office was built on a houseboat at the western edge of Dal Lake in Srinagar
• Houseboats first appeared in the 1800’s in Dal Lake by Pandit Naraindas to house English visitors
• The official State Animal and State Bird of Jammu & Kashmir are the Hangul and Black-necked Crane respectively.
• The 9 km long Chenani-Nashri Tunnel is located in Chenani, Jammu and Kashmir. It is India’s longest road tunnel.
• Kashmir is the largest producer of saffron in India and the third largest producer in the world.

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Amazing Facts about Meghalaya

Meghalaya is a young state in India. It is in the North-East region of India.

The literal meaning of the term “Meghalaya” is “Abode of Clouds”.

Meghalaya is a beautiful state and hence widely known as “Scotland of the East”

Meghalaya became an autonomous state by virtue of Assam Reorganization (Meghalaya) Act, 1969 and North East Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971.

On January 21, 1972, the new state of Meghalaya was formed. The districts included were Khasi hills, Jaintia hills and Garo hills.

Meghalaya shares an international border with Bangladesh. It is one of the most interesting and lesser-known facts about Meghalaya.

Famous Places in Meghalaya

Shillong: The capital of this state, Shillong is also known as Scotland of the East. It is a hill station and has rolling hills and narrow lanes that remind you of Scotland.

Don Bosco Museum of Indigenous Cultures: The Don Bosco Museum situated in Shillong is one of the major tourist destinations of Meghalaya. A visit to this place will make you privy to the rich, multi-cultural lifestyle of the indigenous people of the entire north-eastern states of India.

Mawsmai Cave: Mawsmai Cave located in Cherrapunji is an experience of a lifetime that every traveller should have. There are narrow paths that are entwined with each other.

Garo Hills: Garo Hills is situated in the western part of Meghalaya. Garo Hills are home to Nokrek Biosphere Reserve (pictured above), Balpakram National Park and also the Siju Wildlife Sanctuary.

Elephant Falls: The structure on the black rocks resembles an elephant and hence the name. The rock structure was destroyed during an earthquake.

Nohkalikai Falls: Located near Cherrapunji in Meghalaya, Nohkalikai Falls are the tallest in India flowing from a height of 1115 feet (340 mt). The force of the water is so strong that there is a waterhole that has been carved.

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PUNJAB
Punjab, a state bordering Pakistan, is the heart of India’s Sikh community. The land of the five rivers punjab, Punj+Aab, reminds you of richness and royalty. The lush-green state is widely famous for its rich heritage, food, tradition and culture, but more than anything else Punjab is known the most for “Punjabis”!! Their spontaneity, positivity and vibrancy is beyond imagination. The loud, boisterous, generous and full of life-‘Punjabis’ have so much to offer.
CUISINE
The Punjabi cuisine goes way beyond Butter chicken and naan! The buttery flavours of Sarson-ka-Saag with Makki-di-Roti, Aloo-wala-Kulcha, Maa-ki-Daal, Tandoori Chicken, all possible varieties of stuffed Paranthas, aam papad…the list is endless!
Though milk in all its forms is exceedingly loved in Punjab, but the lip-smacking lassi is indeed the National Drink of Punjab! Equally enjoyed in its sweet or salty avatar, the tall-glass of lassi, that too malai-maar-ke is truly irresistible.
DRESSES OF PUNJAB
DRESSES OF PUNJAB Costumes of Punjab are indicative of the bright and vibrant culture and lifestyle of the people. The costumes are a mix of colour, comfort and beauty. It may be noted here that the state of Punjab is well known for the use of phulkari in its costumes. Other commonly worn clothes by people in Punjab are pagri, dhoti, lacha, kurta, khusa, gharara, paranda, choli and shalwar kameez. The traditional dress for Punjabi men is the kurta and tehmat, which is being replaced by the kurta and pajama, especially the popular muktsari style in India. The traditional dress for women is the salwar suit which replaced the traditional Punjabi ghagra. The patiala salwar is also very popular.
OCCUPATION
The main occupation of the Punjabi’s is Agriculture and its related field.  Having a base of Agrarian economy they don’t have much of Industrial output but have small sized industrial units which are based on Agriculture like food products, beverages, cotton, wood and paper industries.
FESTIVALS
Punjabis celebrate cultural, seasonal and religious festivals, which include Maghi, Mela Chiraghan in Lahore, Lohri, Holi, Holla Muhalla, Basant Panchami,  Eid ul Adha, Eid ul Fitr, Baisakhi, Teeyan, Diwali, Dussehra, Gurupurab and Guru Nanak Jayant.

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Haryana has always remained a rendezvous for diverse races, cultures and faiths. Hindu Saints and Sikh Gurus have traversed the land of Haryana spreading their message of universal love and brotherhood.
Haryana is among the most prosperous states in India, having one of the highest per-capita income. With just 1.37% of the total geographical area and less than 2% of India’s population.
The Green revolution benefited the economy of Haryana and was one of the fastest states to implement it. Haryana is one of the important agricultural and industrial states in India , it produces surplus amount of rice and wheat.

Haryana is also great tourism spot. Here are some famous places:

1. Panjokhra Sahib Gurudwara
2. Kingdom of Dreams ( Gurugram )

The main dress of the people of Haryana is :
Men wear dhoti kurta’s and women wear kurta and lehenga. While different communities wear their attire in different manner.

The festivals of Haryana :
Lohri is the most popular festival that marks end of winter and welcomes the season of fertility.