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Procaryotic Cells (Microbial)

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Eucaryotic Cells (Complex)

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First Multicellular Animals

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Shell-bearing Animals

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Vertebrates (simple fishes)

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Amphibians

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Reptiles

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Mammals

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An artists impression of the earliest ancestor of most mammals

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Hepatitis
The hepatitis virus dates from the mesozoic. The birds was the first infected, but in the future they transmitted the desease to the mammals. This virus cause cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.

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Nonhuman Primates

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Varicella
In the Paleocene appears the varicella zoster virus, a disease that cause itchy and is highly contagious.

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Earliest apes

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Australopithecine Ancestors of Humans
Certain diseases and viruses such as the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 has been around since the Homo Sapiens.

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First humans
Various studies and research prove that every human has an assemblage of viruses of persistent pathogens since we are born, meaning that evidence has found infections in ancient fragments of DNA, being thus transferred, and passed from human to human without them knowing from years to years since the first humans.

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Plague of Athens

It happened during the Peloponnesian War, it was the first global pandemic and caused the dead of two-thirds of the population. Although they didn't know exactly what the virus or disease was, it was suspected it was Typhoid,Typhus, Smallpox or Ebola.

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Antonine Plague
It was originated in Rome and was brought to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the Near East, it caused nearly 2,000 deaths.
The main disease of the epidemic is unknown but it was believed to be smallpox or measles.

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Cyprian Plague
It started in Ethiopia and then it was spread by some city dwellers that flew through Northern Africa, Rome and Egypt. It caused diarrhea, vomiting, throat ulcers, fever and gangrenous hands and feet.
It is called Cyprian in honor of the first victim of this disease, the Christian bishop of Carthage.

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Plague of Justinian
It is believed that it was caused by grain imported from China that was also carrying rats; the bacteria is called Yersinia pestis and is transmitted by fleas. It is responsible for the death of nearly 25 to 50 million people.

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Black Death
Evidence show that this pandemic started somewhere in Western China, where plague remains endemic in rodents, and then spread through Central Asia to Africa and Europe. It caused the death of approximately 75 million to 100 million people.

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Smallpox and Measles Pandemic
This diseases already existed in Europe, however when the Europeans invaded America they brought them to the continent, staring a pandemic that caused the death of 20 million people.

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Typhus Pandemic
During the 17th century the Thirty Years War cause that the armies moving through Germany and Europe, spread this disease resulting in the loss of between 15% to 20% of the population of  Germany.

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Smallpox Pandemic
During these years, this disease spread over all the American continent causing the death of 130,000 persons.

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Smallpox Vaccine
It was introduced by the British doctor Edward Jenner and it was the first vaccine to be developed against a contagious disease.

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Invention of the Stethoscope
Rene Laennec, a French doctor, invented this medical device to help in the diagnosis of chest infections.

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Anesthesia
It was first used at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston by dentist William T.G. Morton and surgeon John Warren in a surgery to remove a vascular tumor from a man's neck.

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Cholera Pandemic
This pandemic was originated in Russia where one million of people died and then it spread trough the rest of Europe, China, India and America where millions more of people died. This disease was transmitted due to conditions of poor sanitation and feces-infected water and food.

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First Laboratory-Developed Vaccine
Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and microbiologist,  produced the first laboratory-developed vaccine, which was against chicken cholera.

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First Rabies Vaccines
Pasteur also produced the first rabies vaccines by growing the rabies virus in rabbits and weakened it by drying the affected nerve tissue, then he first tried out the vaccine on 9 year old boy, who had been bitten by a rabid dog.

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Cholera Vaccine
Waldemar Haffkine developed an effective vaccine against cholera and between 1893 and 1896, he vaccinated more than 40,000 people in India.

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Typhoid Vaccine
Two German scientists, Richard Pfeiffer and Wilhelm Kolle, developed a vaccine by demonstrating that  dead typhoid bacteria resulted in immunity against it.

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Influenza
This disease at first was know as the Spanish Flu, it was the deadliest pandemic of the twentieth century, killing between 20 and 50 million people worldwide. It was originated in  China and spread trough Europe and America in part thanks to the wars and the large numbers of troop moving countries.
This disease passes easily from waterfowl to humans, with pigs often serving as an intermediary host.

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BCG Vaccine
Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, French scientists, were developing this vaccine since 1908, they demonstrated that small doses of injected and weakened animal bacilli could be used as a protective vaccine against TB.

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Influenza Vaccine
In 1930 the scientists realize that the influenza wasn't a bacteria, but a virus. Then in the next 10 years they develop a vaccine that save a lot of people.

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Penicillin
In 1942 someone receive the first successful treatment of penicillin. This was the first antibiotic use in the medicine and actually one of the most used. It is estimated that penicillin have saved more than 200 million people.

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Polio Vaccine
The first effective vaccine was developed by the scientist Jonas Salk and began to being tested in American school children. In 1961, an oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin an US scientist.

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HIV / AIDS
The Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease is a disease that has been affecting us more than 60 years, it has caused the death of 38 million people and nowadays nearly 37 million are infected with HIV.
Is believed to have developed from a chimpanzee virus from West Africa in 1920 and then spread to Haiti in 1960 and to United Stated in 1970 and from that point to the rest of the world resulting the pandemic we are still dealing today.
It is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a retrovirus and it is spread by sexual contact, until today there is still no cure but they are certain treatment to slow the progress of the disease.

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Hepatitis Vaccine
Baruch Blumberg in collaboration with the scientist Irving Millman develop the first hepatitis vaccine. It helps to prevent near all infections of this desease, saving more than a million people a year.

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Varicella Vaccine
Japan 1974, Michiaki Takahashi a scientific develop the first vaccine for varicella. This helps a lot to prevent a death, yet nowadays more than 10 people die every day by this desease.

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SARS Pandemic
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was first identified in 2003 and is believed to have been started with bats who passed it to cats and then to people in China, then is believed a businessman carried the disease from China to Vietnam and from there it spread to Hong Kong, Canada, and U.S.
It infected 8,098 people worldwide and resulted with 774 deaths.

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HPV Vaccine
The first human papillomavirus vaccine, was developed by Merck and approved in the US.

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Zika Pandemic
This disease is transmitted but by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. During 2014 and 2016 the cases of pregnant women and newborns with zika virus were increased. The virus appears to have moved from the Zika Forest in Uganda to Indonesia, then to Micronesia and the Polynesian Islands. Until today they are still a lot of cases of this virus specially in poorer areas of the countries.

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Ebola Pandemic
This disease has existed since 429 B.C. and in 1976 there was an outbreak of various cases, between 2014 and 2016 it was the largest and most complex outbreak. It is believed that it was originated from a bite or consumption of meat from infected animal, it is caused by Ebola virus and it can be transmitted through direct contact with blood and body fluids of infected individuals.

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Measles Pandemic
As same as Ebola, this disease already existed since many years before, however in 2015 there was an outbreak caused mainly thanks to unvaccinated people. The outbreak started in the United States and was prevalent in some countries in Europe, Asia, the Pacific and Africa. It is caused by measles virus and the transmission is airborne through inhalation of infected droplets.

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Ebola Vaccine
In 2019, an ebola vaccine found to be effective against the Zaire Ebola virus, called Ervebo was developed however it was only recommended for people over 18 years. Later, in 2020, a new vaccine administered in two doses, called Zabdeno-Mvabea, was approved by EMA for children over the age of 1 and for adults.

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COVID-19 Pandemic
Nowadays we are currently experiencing a pandemic, the coronavirus is a disease that originated in Chine in 2019 and rapidly spread globally, infecting more than 75 million people and led to more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide.
It is caused by a coronavirus deemed SARS-CoV-2 which is related to the virus that causes SARS and it is spread by close person-to-person contact and interact.
To this day, the pandemic still continues and many people are still affected by this disease, however, there are already different vaccines that help reduce the risk of infection.