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Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey offers an ironic take on Gothic fiction through the protagonist, Catherine Morland's mind. Catherine, a young and naïve child, has many hopes and dreams of what she imagines life to be. During a trip to Northanger Abbey, she hopes it will resemble a haunted mansion similar to the descriptions in the many Gothic novels she reads. While those around her laugh in her face-amused by her innocence and imagination-she does not give up this dream so quick. Catherine explores the Abbey just as Davie in "Ghost Summer" explores the concept of ghosts in Gracetown. Both characters' curiosity takes them to new heights, eager to have unique experiences that can foster their wonder. For instance, "Catherine's heart beat quick, but her courage did not fail her" (Austen, Chapter 21).  Catherine's may get her in trouble- eventually sending her back home- but Davie's was significant in the fact that it brings clarity and closure to the town and the Timmons family. This is shown when "Everyone stopped what they were saying and doing…someone started clapping, and soon everyone was, a few of them hooting" (Due, 127). Both works represent a beautiful coming of age storyline and ones where the characters learn more about themselves during the process than they may have ever thought. Along with this connection, everyone surrounding these two characters of Catherine and Davie seems to be against their ideas, or at least dismiss them. Originally, Davie's father chooses against acknowledging Davie's idea of ghosts in Gracetown. Unamused, he says, "Yeah, I see the dark spot, Davie. What I don't see is a little boy" (Due, 76). Davie realizes his idea may sound crazy, but he is determined to resolve whatever he is seeing and hearing at night, for something inside is telling him to. In Northanger Abbey, Catherine, curious and anxious as ever, searches how spooky the Abbey might be. During her investigation, she is laughed at by Henry, thinking of her as a young girl and leaves her feeling ashamed, "Catherine, recollecting herself, grew ashamed of her eagerness" (Austen, Chapter 20). Both characters have multiple ups and downs yet together, in the end, they are stronger because of it; having an opportunity for necessary growth.  Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey offers an ironic take on Gothic fiction through the protagonist, Catherine Morland's mind. Catherine, a young and naïve child, has many hopes and dreams of what she imagines life to be. During a trip to Northanger Abbey, she hopes it will resemble a haunted mansion similar to the descriptions in the many Gothic novels she reads. While those around her laugh in her face-amused by her innocence and imagination-she does not give up this dream so quick. Catherine explores the Abbey just as Davie in "Ghost Summer" explores the concept of ghosts in Gracetown. Both characters' curiosity takes them to new heights, eager to have unique experiences that can foster their wonder. For instance, "Catherine's heart beat quick, but her courage did not fail her" (Austen, Chapter 21).  Catherine's may get her in trouble- eventually sending her back home- but Davie's was significant in the fact that it brings clarity and closure to the town and the Timmons family. This is shown when "Everyone stopped what they were saying and doing…someone started clapping, and soon everyone was, a few of them hooting" (Due, 127). Both works represent a beautiful coming of age storyline and ones where the characters learn more about themselves during the process than they may have ever thought. Along with this connection, everyone surrounding these two characters of Catherine and Davie seems to be against their ideas, or at least dismiss them. Originally, Davie's father chooses against acknowledging Davie's idea of ghosts in Gracetown. Unamused, he says, "Yeah, I see the dark spot, Davie. What I don't see is a little boy" (Due, 76). Davie realizes his idea may sound crazy, but he is determined to resolve whatever he is seeing and hearing at night, for something inside is telling him to. In Northanger Abbey, Catherine, curious and anxious as ever, searches how spooky the Abbey might be. During her investigation, she is laughed at by Henry, thinking of her as a young girl and leaves her feeling ashamed, "Catherine, recollecting herself, grew ashamed of her eagerness" (Austen, Chapter 20). Both characters have multiple ups and downs yet together, in the end, they are stronger because of it; having an opportunity for necessary growth.

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Due's "Ghost Summer" connects to Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" through several themes. The children who died in "Ghost Summer" are essentially trapped in this place of unknown. The underground hole where they met their death, and where they remain, allows them to only "cry out" at night, and to other children like them. Though they are "ghosts" their ability to still whisper from time to time and to relive their death, "ithurtsithurtsithurtsithurtsithurts," (Due, 112) brings a sense of isolation and entrapment. Knowing they cannot be rescued from this pain-unimaginable or not is similar to the narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" and the woman in the wallpaper herself. Whether they are the same person or not- she feels trapped from her husband and loved ones around her constantly dismissing her thoughts and feelings. This can be seen when she writes, "He says no one but myself can help me out of it, that I must use my will and self-control and not let any silly fancies run away with me" (Gilman, 652). The constant crying out for help but no one around to care or listen is represented through both works. Another connection is through the theme of mistreatment. "Ghost Summer" deals with the lingering effects of racism, "But why…. That was 1976, Davie…Racist, that's all" (Due, 56). This aligns with society's treatment of women during the time of "The Yellow Wallpaper." The mistreatment of both types of citizens in these two Gothic works shows relatability to the reader because they focus more on real-life issues rather than the total supernatural.

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The themes of death and the supernatural are present in both of these Gothic works. While "Ghost Summer" involves death and ghosts that come to haunt others, "After Death" deals with death and the afterlife. Some may argue that ghosts are a part of the afterlife, thus showing huge connections between these two works. In "After Death", the narrator is looking down into her past life with the male figure, examining his emotions and thoughts throughout, "Came a deep silence, and I knew he wept" (Rossetti, 8).  "Ghost Summer" is similar in a way as the boys who died are looking at David and Neema and screaming out to not fall into the same mistake or trap they accidentally did. "Ghost summer" has ghosts looking out for real humans, "We'll lose 'im in the water! Run!" (Due, 105), while "After Death" was some type of ghost-like soul looking at her past life and what may come of the warm body that remains. This is shown in the line, "And very sweet it is/To know he still is warm though I am cold" (Rossetti, 13-14). The ghosts of the siblings in "Ghost Summer" bring the same sense of comfort the narrator in "After Death" feels but reversed. The ghosts do everything they can to keep Davie and Neema alive during their night, "Then, even worse, an urgent scream: "STOP!"" (Due, 112). This came before Davie fell into the mud, almost making the same mistake these boys did years before. However, this time, Davie did not die because of the voices crying out to save him. Only the supernatural could bring upon these voices. It is possible that because of the deaths in both "Ghost Summer" and "After Death", the people left living on Earth are better because of them.

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                                "Get Out" 

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                                "Get Out" 

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The similarities between "Get Out" and "After Death" may be unexpected- but present, nonetheless. In Rossetti's, "After Death", the narrator is looking into her past life after having died. She is feeling sad and perhaps lonely now that she is no longer living, but her love interest still is. She observes, "He didn't love me living but once dead/ He pitied me" (Rossetti, 12-13). This line specifically connects to "Get Out" when comparing Chris and Rose. With a gender role reversal, Chris is feeling like Rose does not love him living but towards the end, she pities him saying things like "I love you". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLLp4bO6dDI (:30) Though it is clear that Rose is crazy, perhaps there is a sliver of guilt, similar to what the narrator's love interest may be feeling once she is dead. While Rose saying this does not sway Chris's mind after all that has happened, she tries that line as a last resort, before her death- with Chris remaining alive.

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"The Yellow Wallpaper" relates to the contemporary film, "Get Out" in several ways. Speaking to character types, the narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" progressively declines in her mental health while being stuck in a secluded room for days on end. Similarly, Chris progressively goes crazier himself due to several suspicious signs of the family's madness. Being isolated in the woods with very little phone battery and no one to explain his fears and uncertainty does not help. At one point, Chris even admits to Rose that he feels he is going insane. This scene shows a turning point in the film as Chris confides in Rose and admitting to her that he feels he needs to leave her home. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KsPYheKNNg  When Chris is coming to the realization that Rose's family is crazy, up until the last little bit, Rose herself continually tells him he is the crazy one and that he has nothing to worry about. This relates to Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" when John, the narrator's husband- a doctor himself- perhaps is causing the narrator to feel so mad inside due to her circumstances. Both the narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” and the woman "inside" the wallpaper that the narrator describes feel trapped, "The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out" (Gilman, 652). Likewise, Chris, along with the other victims to the Armitage family feel trapped due to this idea of "the sunken place"- fighting to get out. This scene shows how Chris flips a switch on his opinion of the family, as well as Logan/Andre having a moment of utter terror, begging to "get out". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKWtVjBq0YM Neither character in these two works had intentions of slowly losing their sense of sanity. However, the people they surround themselves with- intentionally or unintentionally- generate these thoughts.