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1. The article is about how the term "witch" used to be said as a bad thing towards women, but it is now a empowering and feminist term. The article uses examples of Disney movies, about how the powerless princess needs to be protected and saved by a man from the evil powerful witch. The article also uses Hermione to show that witches are powerful and intelligent women, it is not a bad term, in fact, men were afraid of powerful women, and apparently, that is what makes them witches.
2. In the Crucible, Elizabeth Proctor is accused and framed by Abigail, along with many wives of friends to John Proctor. Elizabeth does not argue or fight, she goes without hesitation because she knows it must be done. I feel like this is a good example of someone who is powerful, she is not afraid. Even if something bad does happen to Elizabeth, she is honest and sure of herself, she knows the truth and is not afraid of it, she wants people to know it and people will know it.

Alan Tuhacek

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Cotton Mathers: Cotton Mathers Accout of the Salem Witch Trials, 1693

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Cotton Mathers: Cotton Mathers Accout of the Salem Witch Trials, 1693

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This passage is about Cotton Mathers account of what he witnessed during the salem witch trials. He definitely believes in witches and thinks that the devil has sent them as a plague of demons on "our land".
Cotton Mathers definitely believes in witches but I don't think their is a good character in the cruicible to compare him to. I would say he is a mix of Hales belief in witches but Hawthornes way of "dealing" with witches. Mathers is quoted saying "These our poor afflicted neighbors, quickly, after they become infected and infested with these demons, arrive to a capacity of discerning those which they conceive the shapes of their troublers." By saying this it leads me to believe that just like Hale he belives that witches are real but believes justice for being witches should be hard and just.

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1. The ergot theory suggests that people were delusional due to bad rye. In summary, the fungus infects the rye in moist, warm conditions, and delivers symptoms such as vomiting, hallucinations, delusions, muscle spasms, etc. The main researcher of the article, Linnda Caporael, finds that the environment in Salem at the time was perfect for the fungus to thrive and the symptoms written in the diaries of Salem residents match that of the common symptoms of ergotism.
2. I really can't find a connection between ergot poisoning and 'The Crucible'. It is a reasonable theory for the real Salem witch trials, however 'The Crucible' does not imply physical illness, however it does have severe qualities of mental illness. In the play, many of the people of Salem are jealous, entitled, or far too concerned for their reputation. For example, Abigail accuses Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft with the intent to kill her because she's deeply in love with John Proctor. The girl even goes as far as to stab herself to frame Elizabeth of witchcraft. Giles Corey accuses Putnam of sending his daughter to cry witchcraft on a respected elder of the community so Putnam can buy his land. Giles states "This man is killing his neighbors for their land!". In short, there is no ergotism in 'The Crucible', but there is a great amount of sinners and fear in the play.

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this passage topic is fear, and fear based news. it talks about how reporters, news writer etc like to exaggerate the situation of the topic to make us more opt to read whatever they wrote by adding fear induced things in the headlines. this way they will make more profit.

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- The title of this passage is "Fear, Hysteria, & the News". This passage talks about the use of fear-based headlines in attempts to get more readers or viewers on a story. If the press can get you to click on a story, they generate profit; this is why some titles are very eye-catching or deceiving. Our generation is more likely to skim through an article without fact-checking information, so the more deceiving titles are the ones that are clicked on the most. These articles or passages can generate false-fear and panic within the community so it is a good idea to stay away from the majority of them.
- In the Crucible, people were jumping to conclusions on everything guided by fear. I feel like this passage can relate because it describes fear in titles of articles and how it can cause you to believe something that may not be true because of how unexpected or alarming it was. Some sources are not the most credible, which can also be directed toward the Crucible. People instantly believed anything involving witches or the devil without actually logically thinking it through or looking for information themselves, which is the effect these headlines can have on some of us. One example of this could be the poppet situation with Elizabeth Proctor being blamed for witchcraft. The poppet with a pin stuck in it was found in the Proctor household and, since Elizabeth was living there, she was accused of witchcraft and dealing with the devil when it was really Abigail's doing. The events in this story were almost all caused by false accusations and rumors which is the root of these fear-based articles.

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Fear, Hysteria, & the News is about how the media gets us to click on, or read articles. Media reporters have to give the people accurate information, as well as making profit for whichever news organization they work for. To do so they use words that induce fear, and in turn intrigue us to read them.

I think this passage relates to the crucible in the way that there was a lot of false information being spread, and a lot of lies. I think media reporters getting clicks sort of relates to people accusing others of witchcraft, and turn the blame away from themselves. Reporters compete with each other to see who can get more viewers, or readers. I think it was similar in Salem because people were sort of competing with others to come up with better evidence, or stories, and accuse others of witchcraft. In the crucible there is a quote that says "My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is soiled!", it relates by wanting people to like you/read your articles.

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in the crucible people where believing every thing people said and conspiracy on witch craft. it relates to this article by people wanting to believe stuff by fear

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Summary -
"You Witch!" describes how the meaning of the word "witch" has changed over time and slowly has become a more empowering term. "Witch" was once used as a degrading word to describe women who stood out against the normal, whether they were unmarried, had no children, or partook in activities such as reading literature other than the Bible. Even in literature, such as fairytales, witches were perceived negatively and painted as crude-looking villains who attempt to corrupt the "princess" or young maiden of said story. This pushed that women needed some-sort of prince to save them and that if a women had any kind of power they were evil and wicked. However, the connotation of the word eventually morphed into something more positive and empowering for women. It has even been used in protests against misogyny, politics, and sexual assault. Now rather than "witch" being used to degrade and shun women it is now used to show that women are powerful and capable.

How it connects to Crucible.
In this article it mentions how people looked down women and were believed to be wicked if they had any power whatsoever or went against community rule. The passage states "Woman were expected to follow the commonalities of their community, so when they caused trouble their chances of being accused of witchery doubled.." An example of a prominent, innocent women being accused would be Rebecca Nurse due to her being a very prestigious women who owned a good bit of land; this caused others to envy her and become greedy. Not only were women accused for social status and belongings, but for actions and even out of jealously. Martha Corey indulged in the act of reading non-Biblical literature often, which was seen as unholy and led to her being persecuted. Lastly, Elizabeth Proctor was incriminated by Abigail out of hate and jealously. Abigail wanted John Proctor to herself and would do anything to get Elizabeth out of the picture, even if that meant crying witch.

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Brief Summary- Throughout the years the way you imagine witches have changed from seeing them as ugly, crude, and evil to clever, noble, and powerful. The idea of female power and knowledge has been deemed as ¨wicked¨ or an idea that is something to be feared. The relation between how witches are seen with power and how the perspective of female power is seen today could be connected in a way that either way its a woman with power and knowledge that could cause a change just like how a witch could cause trouble and get away with it because of her power to do so. 

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Brief Summary- Throughout the years the way you imagine witches have changed from seeing them as ugly, crude, and evil to clever, noble, and powerful. The idea of female power and knowledge has been deemed as ¨wicked¨ or an idea that is something to be feared. The relation between how witches are seen with power and how the perspective of female power is seen today could be connected in a way that either way its a woman with power and knowledge that could cause a change just like how a witch could cause trouble and get away with it because of her power to do so. 

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Relation to the Crucible- In the Crucible the majority of people being accused of witchcraft are women because when a woman acts differently from the standard way a woman is ¨supposed¨ to act then people start to suggest that witchcraft is involved. In actual reality, the girls just wanted to dance in the woods at night and have fun but then again women doing such things are odd in the eyes of men in the Crucible. That all relates to ¨You Witch¨ because as soon as men start to see that women have some amount of power they claim witchcraft and start to fear when a woman has power because women are capable to do many things with power. For example, when Lindy West of the New York Times writes, ¨Sure, if you insist, it´s a witch hunt. I´m a witch and I´m hunting you¨ in retaliation to a comment made by Woody Allen. Another relation would be when the women in the Crucible would act as if the devil was the reason their stomachs hurt or the reason they started acting crazy just like how the women in the ¨You Witch¨ would embrace the fear people have and transform it into power that they can harness.

Carleigh Buechner

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1.) In 1693 Cotton Mather's wrote about the account of the witch trials. It is about him telling us that the New Englanders had settled into the devils territory disturbing the devil,and he shall make an attack upon the people. Mather's says that people were convicted with being infected and infested with demons . Some of the people just confessed of dealing with the devil and ruining their land.By people confusing it made him believe that witches and the devil is real.

Cotton Mather's view of the witch trials and the crucible happened in the same time period. In both they tell about people being convicted of witchcraft. Like how Elizabeth Proctor was convicted of witchcraft. When Abigail told that the doll Ms.Proctor had a needle pocking it,and that's where Abigail was stabbed. When Mather's says that the New Englanders settled into the devils territory saying the devil was all there. It was like when the Puritans said the forest was where the devil was.

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This story talks about how women are known to be a witch and how you can tell. According to the story, it says that the origin of witchcraft was from the men who feared women with knowledge and power. People thought the women who misbehaved and didn't follow the rules were believed to be a witch. My story is called You Witch! and it doesn't have an author.
You Witch! relates to The Crucible because every woman in Salem was at least accused of being a witch out of suspicion. In Salem, the women were always looked at and people always pointed fingers. In the story You Witch! it says "To be on the fringes of society entails rebelling against the norms, to rebel against the norms takes great nerve" it relates to the crucible because women in Salem also had to do with the status they lived. Elizabeth Proctor was a woman who was accused of being a witch, she used words people in Salem never really used and was taken to the court. Both stories were during the same time period.

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The article I read was "You Witch!", this story was about the original female power. "You Witch!" stated some facts about how women have taken the fear from men about females with knowledge and power and turned it into a sort of confidence boost. In the beginning of the United States women were not allowed to have as much knowledge as men, meaning they were pretty much just supposed to have/take care of the kids and the house. Men started fearing women with knowledge beyond theirs. Although women have been somewhat harassed with being called a witch, some of them have decided to own it in a way.
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The way the passage relates to the Crucible is the passage talks about how women over the years have faced the troubles of being accused by witches. Wether it be real or fake accusations women were still tried and convicted of being witches. In the Crucible there were plenty of women tried and either charged or hung for being a witch. Line 18, Act 1 in the Crucible states " Long held hatreds of neighbors could now be openly expressed, and vengeance taken, despite the Bible's charitable injunctions.", this line ties with the passage "You Witch!" because of the fact if people feared others with more knowledge than the others then they would call them a witch. In the Crucible instead of just calling them a witch they would accuse and have them tried for being a witch.

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This article is about the way women are perceived as witches and what that means for their time period. It talks specifically about how helpless women were seen as witches and deemed anything but helpless by men during the Salem witch trial days. It talks about how throughout history a woman was seen as a witch if she was powerful or knowledgable or even if she was a trouble maker. There was a very slim middle ground for women throughout history to be deemed normal or acceptable. This article talks about how being labeled a witch is not necessarily a bad thing and it has led to protests for women's rights. some people even see being labeled a witch as a compliment for standing out to men.

This relates to the crucible scenario very well, by the fact women during that time were labeled a witch because of multiple reasons even though they were outstanding society members. it talks about how the witch trials were a goose chase like trying to chase down "men in Hollywood who wink at a woman the wrong way". This article was written to show that women in the past were punished for being a witch but women in our generation should be proud to be labeled a witch because the article states that women are labeled a witch if they are someone a sexist man would fear.

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Cotton Mather's account of the Salam witch trials, his piece was written during the Salam witch trials, when people believed that witches, demons, and devils were all real. Mather and his New England brethren believed that the new world was once the devil's new playground, where he could play with them. When they entered the devil's domain, he would not remain still, and they would be attacked.
The crucible and Cotton Mather's Account of the Witch Trail are similar in many ways, such as the involvement of witches and the devil. It happened at a time when people were afraid of witches and fearful of them. Whatever happened, it always seemed to lead back to witchcraft. Without any thought, people were imprisoned and executed as soon as they suspected someone of being associated with witchcraft.

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Cotton Mather's Account of the Salem Witch Trials, 1693

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Cotton Mather's Account of the Salem Witch Trials, 1693

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This passage that Cotton Mather's wrote was about how he thought that throughout all of Salem there were witches and a devil. Mather's thought that the devil sent witches to Salem to show a sign of demons being in the area. He also states that "The devil is now making more upon us" which means that he thinks the devil is sending witches to Salem.

The passage that Cotton Mather's wrote compares to the Crucible very well because both are about witchcraft and the devil messing with the people in Salem. In Cotton Mather's passage he says "We have been advised by some credible Christians yet alive that a malefactor has been accused of witchcraft and murder" which means that people are being accused of witchcraft in Salem. The reason this compares to the Crucible is because in the Crucible they also have people in Salem being accused of witchcraft when sometimes they didn't do anything. I would say the closest characters that he would compare to in the Crucible would be the judges. The reason I think this is because of how he wants to get rid of the witches.
-Conner C.

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1. Fear, Hysteria, & the News is an article written to help people understand the lies or exaggerated truths of the media. Often times  the media uses exaggerated or fake headlines that target the fear and anxiety of people to make profit. No one wants to click on a story with a boring head line so the truth is often twisted with words that cause discomfort to get clicks, regardless of the spread of chaos and misinformation.
2. In the crucible things start off slow with poor and unlikable people being accused of witchcraft even though they are innocent but eventually Abigail takes advantage of the fear of the people. She begins targeting anyone she dislikes and gets her little followers to do the same. Since Abigail act is so believable and frightening she isn't doubted and anyone she accuses goes down. I think the peoples reactions in the crucibles are valid, if I were seeing women faint and acting strange and especiallu coming in with a needle in their stomach accusing someone else of doing it I'm sure I would believe them too in this time. The Crucible relates to this passage because the fear and anxiety of the people is being used and manipulated by Abigail for her own personal profits.

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Fear, Hysteria, & the News shows us how the media tend to have a huge impact on us and our view into anything we could fear. It tells us how the media use ¨fear-inducing¨ titles. This passage sums up the way the media gets our attention is by using our own fears. This passage relates to the Crucible by the use of false or exaggerated information. In the Crucible, the whole town was filled with fear when the rumors about people being witches went around. In the passage, they state ¨According to phycologist Dr. Serani, ¨fear-based news stories prey on the anxieties we all have and then hold us hostage¨¨. Considering this statement, I think that relates to the Crucible because what people feared the most was the unknown. What was more unknown than witchcraft? So the rumors that were started to go around town and the main thing that the public spoke of was witchcraft. Overall, all of this came down to grabbing people's attention and creating hysteria among the public/town.

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1) The Ergot Theory follows Linnda Caporael as she attempts to explain the unexplainable events of 1692. The theory claims that Salem's accusers were affected by lysergic acid, now used to make LSD, that was derived from ergot, which is a fungus that affects rye crops. Ergot would have thrived in the conditions present during the witch trials. The convulsive disorder caused by ergot contamination leads to many symptoms, all present in Salem's population. Caporael notes that all of these factors make Ergot theory a likely cause for the Salem Trials.

2) I do believe that ergot theory is a likely cause of the real life witchcraft trials. However, because of The Crucible’s nature as a play, the characters are driven by social and economic means. Abigail tries to accuse people to win over John Proctor, as a reader we understand that, not because she ate some contaminated rye. Ergot theory is simply not the reason why The Crucible happened. The article does provide some understanding as to the real live evidence of the Salem Witch Trials; but it doesn’t really connect to The Crucible.

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The passage is about Cotton Mather's first-hand account of the Witch Trials. He believed the Puritans has settled on lands once owned by the devil. He explains that witches and demons are both attempting to take the land back with their ¨invisible hands¨.
Cotton Mather's account is incredibly similar to the crucible they both have huge implications of witches that want to destroy them from the shadows. They both take place at the same. The people in both seem extremely religious and see the witches as a threat to their very existence. They both have the incorrect assumption that just because people were confessing they were witches and therefore should be executed.

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The Ergot Theory is an interview of this college student, this was in the early 1920's  she had no idea that a common grain fungus might had also been responsible for all these terrible events in 1692.  The Egotism and the ergot poisoning had indeed been implicated in other outbreaks of bizarre behavior, like that one that had been afflicted of the small French town of Point-Saint-Esprit in 1951.  The Egotism was cause by the fungus Clavicles purple, that affects rye, wheat and other cereal grasses.  First it will infect the flowering head of a grain will spew out sweet, yellow colored mucus that is called honey dew, and then it contains fungal spores that can spread a disease.   Toxicologist know that the eating ergot is contaminated food can lead to a convulsive disorder characterized, the violet muscle spasms, vomiting, delusions, hallucinations, crawling sensations on the skin, and a host of other symptoms that all of which , Linnda Caporael noted, are present, the records of the Salem witchcraft trials.

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The Witches Curse is about a fungus that grows on rye bread that can cause a convulsion disorder that can cause muscle spasms, hallucinations, vomiting, delusion, and sensation that feels like something crawling on your skin. Rye grain was a staple of Salem which would be why so many people were a part of the witch trials. Ergot thrives in wet and warm conditions which would perfectly describe Salem and why the trials were only a thing in Salem.
Growing your own food during the witch trials was the only way to be able to feed yourself because of the little amount of people willing to leave where they have grown up. With winters being different every year some might have had to had to grown more bread to give to others that might not have had enough to survive. SO sharing bread would have been a very common and thing and mixing breads with the fungus would have caused it to spread more.

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Ergot Theory is an interview with toxicologist. Saying that people are not acting crazy because they are cursed its because there is a fungus called ergot that affects you like acid (LSD). During this time there was a huge outbreak of it. When first infected, the flowering head of a grain will spew out sweet, yellow colored mucus, honey dew which contains fungal spores that can spread the disease. That is how it is transported but them you just start having hallucinations. toxicologists now know that eating ergot contaminated food can lead to a convulsive disorder: violent muscle spasms, vomiting, delusions, hallucinations, crawling sensations on the skin, and other symptoms. but if you think about it those symptoms are like the ones they would describe would happen if you were "cursed". So therefor all the science adds up to it being this in my opinion.