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Gael Monfils fait preuve d'un esprit sportif incroyable puisqu'il n'a jamais fracassé sa raquette, il n'a jamais juré á l'empire. Si ses coéquipiers deviennent furieux, il les calme.

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1: 91% of people answered that being a good sportsman is a good behavior
2: 64% of people answered that they would stay calm if they hit a bad shot and 36% said other
3: 95% of people answered that athletes have the responsibility to demonstrate good sportsmanship and 5% said other

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1: Is it important to have a good sportsmanship when you are pro player?
2: Did you ever brake a club just because you hit a bad shot?
3: what is your favorite club?
4: who is the best player to have ever existed?

Answers:
1: Yes, because if you don't, you can lose the game by raging.
2: Yes, for fun i took my club and throw it in the air and i hit the car and my club break.
3: My favorite club is Driver it's the biggest club because we can hit hard shots and hit it really well.
4: Tiger Woods for sure, he's insane.

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1: What is your personal view of fans perspective?
2: How do you show good sportsmanship?
3: Why is it important to show good sportsmanship?
4: Example of 2 golf players who have good sportsmanship?
5: And 2 golf players who have bad sportsmanship?

Answers:
1: i think that fans are cool to have them because so many people are watching you. 2:
to show good sportsmanship you need to be happy and when you are happy you will never show bad sportsmanship.
3: it's important to show good sportsmanship because if you show bad sportsmanship people will not like to watch you anymore.
4: in my opinion i think that Jordan Spieth and Tiger Woods have the best sportsmanship because when they lose they feel happy that they got 2nd place and they are not sad they didn't win.
5: in my opinion Hatton and Garcia have the worse sportsmanship because they throw clubs when they hit a bad shot.

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1-What rules  should be added to tennis?
2-Did you ever challenge a ball?
3-How did it go? (follow up question)
4-What are the top 3 best rules in tennis?

Answers:

1: "I don't think that there's a need to add any rules to tennis because it's perfect the way it is."

2 and 3: "I've never challenged a ball because in Dubai there aren't any censors on the court."
4: "I love how players need to wear white in Wimbledon, it is so elegant and classy and that's what tennis is all about.I respect the penalty when the players throws his racket or swear on the court. I love that they introduced the challenge of the ball.

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Jordan Spieth Displays Good Sportsmanship After PGA Championship Loss

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Tiger Woods Great Finish -- And Great Sportsmanship

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the importance of rules and regulations in golf is so golfers don't cheat which that hapens to amateurs.the importance of rules and regulations in golf is so we can speed up the game of golf. 5 years ago we used to do 4 hours and 30 mins to do 18 holes in a 4 ball now we take 4 hours because they changed the rules and reguletions in golf.

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The importance of rules and regulations is to make tennis fair, enjoyable and accessible. We need rules in tennis so the players can concentrate and play properly, if there weren't rules in tennis the spectators could go on the court, talk while the players are in mid play and distract them.

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their both individual-player  sports were the results rest solely on that player.
Also, tennis and golf court are located in most cities in the world.
Making them easily accessible.

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How about:
Perspective on sportsmanship among athletes

Athletes in golf have good sportsmanship and atitude  but some players don't have good atitude and  they become crazy like some athletes because they dont play well. I chose 2 players who have bad sportsmanship and 2 players who have good. Now lets compare the 4 players. So when you show good sportsmanship you will get angry and than that's the problem. When you show good sportsmanship you feel happy about your self. You know why tiger woods is a good player because he always shows good sportsmanship ont and he feels happy about him self. Tiger woods never broke his club in a tournament while Hatton and Garcia did. So watch all of the videos and you will know what i am talking about.
que diriez-vous:Perspective sur l’esprit sportif chez les athlètes

Les athlètes de golf ont un bon esprit sportif et atitude, mais certains joueurs n’ont pas une bonne atitude et ils deviennent fous comme certains athlètes parce qu’ils ne jouent pas bien. J’ai choisi 2 joueurs qui ont un mauvais esprit sportif et 2 joueurs qui ont du bon. Maintenant, permet de comparer les 4 joueurs. Donc, quand vous montrez un bon esprit sportif, vous serez en colère et que c’est le problème. Lorsque vous faites preuve d’un bon esprit sportif, vous vous sentez heureux de vous-même. Vous savez pourquoi Tiger Woods est un bon joueur parce qu’il montre toujours un bon esprit sportif ont et il se sent heureux de lui-même. Tiger Woods n’a jamais brisé son club dans un tournoi tandis que Hatton et Garcia l’ont fait. Alors regardez toutes les vidéos et vous saurez de quoi je parle.

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Athlete have a responsibility to demonstrate good sportsmanship.

To show good sportsmanship you have to respect the other team, play fair, avoid arguing, end the game with a handshake, follow the rules of the game, respect the decisions of the referee ect…

Les athlètes ont la responsabilité de faire preuve d’un bon esprit sportif.

Pour faire preuve d’un bon esprit sportif, il faut respecter l’autre équipe, jouer franc jeu, éviter de se disputer, terminer le match par une poignée de main, suivre les règles du jeu, respecter les décisions de l’arbitre ect...

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How about:
Rules vs Sportsmanship

Sportsmanship is a behavior and attitude that show respect for the rules of the game and other players.
Following The Rules:
Learn the rules for your sport and follow them to the best of your ability. And if you make a mistake, handle it gracefully and admit you messed up.
Showing Respect For Your Opponents:
Be respectful to your opponents, Say hello and be friendly before the game and afterwards, be friendly on the field or court. There is no need to trash talk. And here’s the difficult part – stay cool and be polite even if your opponents are not as well behaved as you.

Que diriez-vous:
Règles vs Esprit sportif

L’esprit sportif est un comportement et une attitude qui montrent le respect des règles du jeu et d’autres joueurs.
Suivant les règles :
Apprenez les règles de votre sport et suivez-les au mieux de vos capacités. Et si vous faites une erreur, gérez-la avec grâce et admettez que vous avez foiré.
Montrer du respect pour vos adversaires:
Soyez respectueux envers vos adversaires, Dites bonjour et soyez amical avant le match et après, soyez amical sur le terrain ou sur le terrain. Il n’y a pas besoin de parler trash. Et voici la partie difficile - rester au frais et être poli, même si vos adversaires ne sont pas aussi bien comportés que vous.

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Hello there...

Having good sportsmanship has a lot of meanings and and can be shown in many aspects of different sports :
Following the Rules
Learn the rules for your sport and follow them to the best of your ability. And if you make a mistake, handle it gracefully and admit you messed up. Nobody's perfect and most people appreciate honesty.
Playing Fair
Fairness goes beyond following the rules of the sport. It means following the Golden Rule. Treat others as you would like to be treated. So if you are in a gray area with the rules and you are not sure if they apply or not, think about how you would feel if you were on the other team before you act.
Showing Respect for Opponents
Be courteous to your opponents. Say hello and be friendly before the game and afterwards. Be friendly on the field or court. There is no need to trash talk. And here's the difficult part - stay cool and be polite even if your opponents are not as well behaved as you. No matter what the outcome of the game, you can be proud at the end that you did not stoop to the level of unsportsmanlike opponents.
Showing Respect for Teammates
Don't forget to be respectful to your teammates also. Maybe you have some kids on your team who aren't quite as good as you (or as good as you think you are). Be kind, encouraging, and patient with them. First of all, these are your friends. Second, many young athletes are late bloomers. Or they might develop into team leaders who help the team work together . You never know who that kid sitting next to you on the bench might turn out to be in a few years or how they might help inspire others.
Showing Respect for Officials
Everyone gets to make mistakes. That includes officials. Maybe that call was right and maybe it was wrong. But chances are that you would make plenty of mistakes as an official also. So if you really need to dispute a call, do it politely and if the official indicates that the decision is final, don't continue arguing. This goes for players, coaches, and fans.
Be fair, be humbe , be respectful,...and keep up the good work .

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Answer (1 of 2): Hello there... Having good sportsmanship has a lot of meanings and and can be shown in many aspects of different sports : Following the Rules Learn the rules for your sport and follow them to the best of your ability. And if you make a mistake, handle it gracefully and admit you...

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Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms to how to keep score during games of different levels of competition. The rules of a game apply to players, coaches and officials, and vary among different sports and age groups.

Rules for Players

The rules for players vary depending on the sport they play and the level they play at. This prevents a bias against things such as age, development and skills on teams. For example, playing football on a high school level involves more rules than a peewee football game. Players are expected to follow rules governed by their team such as behavior, attending practices, camps and drills and wearing the correct uniform. Players may also be expected to train and practice outside of their playing season to stay physically fit and updated on their skills.

Rules for Coaches

To be able to successfully train a team and mentor players during a game, coaches should fully understand the rules of the sport they coach. By not following the correct rules of the sport, the team could face penalties caught by officials during games. Many sports programs require that coaches take continuing education courses to stay updated on rules and procedures. In addition to game play rules, coaches need to understand additional aspects of sports rules such as proper game ethics, nutrition and first aid, and be able to implement these aspects during drills, practices and games.

Rules for Officials

Sports players and coaches depend on officials including umpires and referees to understand all of the rules of a game. Officials should also understand the signaling and whistling codes for the sports they govern. During games, officials track scores, keep time and resolve in-game discrepancies based on the rules for that game. To help officials, players should also keep updated on game rules.

Injury Prevention

Sports' rules help prevent injuries during practice and in games. Rules govern things such as access to working safety gear, including helmets, padding and mouth guards.

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Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms to how to keep score during games of different levels of competition.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms to how to keep score during games of different levels of competition. The rules of a game apply to players, coaches and officials, and vary among different sports and age groups.

Rules for Players

The rules for players vary depending on the sport they play and the level they play at. This prevents a bias against things such as age, development and skills on teams. For example, playing football on a high school level involves more rules than a peewee football game. Players are expected to follow rules governed by their team such as behavior, attending practices, camps and drills and wearing the correct uniform. Players may also be expected to train and practice outside of their playing season to stay physically fit and updated on their skills.

Rules for Coaches

To be able to successfully train a team and mentor players during a game, coaches should fully understand the rules of the sport they coach. By not following the correct rules of the sport, the team could face penalties caught by officials during games. Many sports programs require that coaches take continuing education courses to stay updated on rules and procedures. In addition to game play rules, coaches need to understand additional aspects of sports rules such as proper game ethics, nutrition and first aid, and be able to implement these aspects during drills, practices and games.

Rules for Officials

Sports players and coaches depend on officials including umpires and referees to understand all of the rules of a game. Officials should also understand the signaling and whistling codes for the sports they govern. During games, officials track scores, keep time and resolve in-game discrepancies based on the rules for that game. To help officials, players should also keep updated on game rules.

Injury Prevention

Sports' rules help prevent injuries during practice and in games. Rules govern things such as access to working safety gear, including helmets, padding and mouth guards.

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Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms to how to keep score during games of different levels of competition.

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What Is Sportsmanship?

Sportsmanship is when people who are playing or watching a sport treat each other with respect. This includes players, parents, coaches, officials, and fans.

How Can I Be a Good Sport?

Whether you're playing against classmates in gym or competing against another school's team, there are lots of ways you can be a good sport. Try to:

Have a positive attitude and give your best effort.

Follow the rules of the game. Accept calls and don't argue with officials.

Support your teammates by saying something like, "Good shot" or "Good try." Don't criticize them if they make a mistake. You wouldn't want someone blaming you if you miss a shot.

Treat the other team with respect and don't tease or bully. Shake hands before and after the game. Help players up if they fall - even if they're not on your team.

Take pride in giving your best at each practice and game. Winning is fun but don't rub it in. If you lose, accept the loss without getting upset or blaming others.

By being a good sport, you learn respect for others and self-control. These skills can help you even when you're not competing. They can also help you in your friendships and at school.

What if Adults Aren't Good Sports?

You'd think that adults would know to practice sportsmanship, but that's not always the case. Simple shouting from the stands and sidelines can become "trash talk" that's mean or even threatening.

What should you do if you hear a parent or coach yelling hurtful things at someone else? Or see people getting into a fight? Talk with an adult you trust. This could be someone like a parent (yours or a friend's), an assistant coach, or a teacher.

When everyone is a good sport at practices and games, the focus can stay where it should be - on having fun.

Date reviewed: October 2023

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Some people define good sportsmanship as treating the people that you play with and against as you'd like to be treated yourself. Learn more about what being a good sport is all about.

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Players on a roofless Centre Court at Wimbledon in 2008

Most rules of (lawn) tennis derive from this precursor and it is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game. Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand, hence the name jeu de paume ("game of the palm"). It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use and the game began to be called 'tennis'. It was popular in England and France, and Henry VIII of England was an enthusiast of the game, now referred to as real tennis.

Many original tennis courts remain, including courts at Oxford, Cambridge, Falkland Palace in Fife where Mary Queen of Scots regularly played, and Hampton Court Palace. Many of the French courts were decommissioned with the terror that accompanied the French Revolution. The Tennis Court Oath ( Serment du Jeu de Paume) was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution; it was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789.

Marylebone Cricket Club's Rules of Lawn Tennis have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since 1875. Those rules were adopted by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for the first lawn tennis championship, The Championships, Wimbledon in 1877.

The Davis Cup, an annual competition between men's national teams, dates to 1900. The analogous competition for women's national teams, the Fed Cup, was founded as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the International Tennis Federation, also known as the ITF.

Promoter C. C. Pyle created the first professional tennis tour in 1926, with a group of American and French tennis players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable of these early professionals were the American Vinnie Richards and the Frenchwoman Suzanne Lenglen. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments.

In 1968 commercial pressures and rumours of some amateurs taking money under the table led to the abandonment of this distinction, inaugurating the Open Era, in which all players could compete in all tournaments and top players were able to make their living from tennis. With the beginning of the Open Era, the establishment of an international professional tennis circuit, and revenues from the sale of television rights, tennis's popularity has spread worldwide, and the sport has shed its upper/middle-class English-speaking image (although it is acknowledged that this stereotype still exists).

The word tennis came into use in English in the mid-14th century from French, via the Anglo-Norman term Tenez, which can be translated as 'hold!', 'receive!' or 'take!', a call from the server to his opponent indicating that he is about to serve. The first known appearance of the word in English literature is by poet John Gower in his poem titled 'In Praise of Peace' dedicated to King Henry IV and composed in 1400; "Of the tenetz to winne or lese a chase, Mai no lif wite er that the bal be ronne". (Whether a chase is won or lost at tennis, Nobody can know until the ball is run).

Real tennis racquets and balls. Cahusac at the Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club.

Tennis is mentioned in literature as far back as the Middle Ages. In The Second Shepherds' Play (c. 1500) shepherds gave three gifts, including a tennis ball, to the newborn Christ. Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's round table, plays tennis against a group of 17 giants in The Turke and Gowin (c. 1500).

The Medieval form of tennis is termed as real tennis, a game that evolved over three centuries from an earlier ball game played around the 12th century in France that involved hitting a ball with a bare hand and later with a glove. By the 16th century the glove had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing area and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread in popularity throughout royalty in Europe, reaching its peak in the 16th century.

In 1437 at the Blackfriars, Perth, the playing of tennis indirectly led to the death of King James I of Scotland, when the drain outlet, through which he hoped to escape assassins, had been blocked to prevent the loss of tennis balls. James was trapped and killed.

Francis I of France (1515-1547) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and encouraging play among the courtiers and commoners. His successor, Henry II (1547-59), was also an excellent player and continued the royal French tradition. In 1555 an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salothe, wrote the first known book about tennis, Trattato del Giuoco della Palla. Two French kings died from tennis related episodes- Louis X of a severe chill after playing and Charles VIII after hitting his head during a game. King Charles IX granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating the first pro tennis 'tour', establishing three professional levels: apprentice, associate, and master. A professional named Forbet wrote and published the first codification of the rules in 1599.

Royal interest in England began with Henry V (1413-22). Henry VIII (1509-47) made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at Hampton Court on a court he had built in 1530. It is believed that his second wife, Anne Boleyn, was watching a game when she was arrested and that Henry was playing when news of her execution arrived. During the reign of James I (1603-25) London had 14 courts.

Drawing of a Lawn Tennis court as originally designed by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield in 1874

Cover of the first edition of the book about Lawn Tennis by Walter Clopton Wingfield, published in February 1874

Tennis doubles final at 1896 Olympic Games

Real tennis is mentioned in literature by William Shakespeare, who mentions "tennis balles" in (1599), when a basket of them is given to King Henry as a mockery of his youth and playfulness; the incident is also mentioned in some earlier chronicles and ballads. One of the most striking early references appears in a painting by Giambattista Tiepolo entitled The Death of Hyacinth (1752-1753), in which a strung racquet and three tennis balls are depicted. The theme of the painting is the mythological story of Apollo and Hyacinth, written by Ovid. Giovanni Andrea dell'Anguillara translated it into Italian in 1561 and replaced the ancient game of discus in the original text with pallacorda or tennis, which had achieved a high status at the courts in the middle of the 16th century. Tiepolo's painting, displayed at the Museo Thyssen Bornemisza in Madrid, was ordered in 1752 by German count Wilhelm Friedrich Schaumburg Lippe, who was an avid tennis player.

The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire but suffered under English Puritanism. By the Age of Napoleon the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis was largely abandoned. Real tennis played a minor role in the history of the French Revolution, through the Tennis Court Oath, a pledge signed by French deputies on a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the revolution.

An epitaph in St Michael's Church, Coventry, written circa 1705 read, in part:

Here lyes an old toss'd Tennis Ball:
Was racketted, from spring to fall,
With so much heat and so much hast,
Time's arm for shame grew tyred at last.

In England, during the 18th and early 19th centuries as real tennis declined, three other racquet sports emerged: racquets, squash racquets and lawn tennis (the modern game).

Augurio Perera's house in Edgbaston, Birmingham, where he and Harry Gem first played the modern game of lawn tennis

Amateur tennis match in Sweden, 1892.

The lawyer and memoirist William Hickey recalled that in 1767 "in the summer we had another club, which met at the Red House in Battersea fields, nearly opposite Ranelagh.... The game we played was an invention of our own, and called field tennis, which afforded noble exercise.... The field, which was of sixteen acres in extent, was kept in as high an order, and smooth as a bowling green."

The modern sport is tied to two separate inventions.

Between 1859 and 1865, in Birmingham, England, Major Harry Gem, a solicitor, and his friend Augurio Perera, a Spanish merchant, combined elements of the game of racquets and Basque pelota and played it on a croquet lawn in Edgbaston. In 1872, both men moved to Leamington Spa and in 1874, with two doctors from the Warneford Hospital, founded the world's first tennis club, the Leamington Tennis Club.

In December 1873 Major Walter Clopton Wingfield designed an hourglass-shaped tennis court in order to obtain a patent on his court (as the rectangular court was already in use and was unpatentable). A temporary patent on this hourglass-shaped court was granted to him in February, 1874, which he never renewed when it expired in 1877. It is commonly believed, mistakenly, that Wingfield obtained a patent on the game he devised to be played on that type of court, but in fact Wingfield never applied for nor received a patent on his game, although he did obtain a copyright - but not a patent - on his rules for playing it. And, after a running series of articles and letters in the British sporting magazine , and a meeting at London's Marylebone Cricket Club, the official rules of lawn tennis were promulgated by that Club in 1875, which preserved none of the aspects of the variations that Wingfield had dreamed up and named Sphaeristikè ( Greek: σφαιριστική, that is, "sphere-istic", an ancient Greek adjective meaning "of or pertaining to use of a ball, globe or sphere"), which was soon corrupted to "sticky". Wingfield claimed that he had invented his version of the game for the amusement of his guests at a weekend garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in Llanelidan, Wales in 1874, but research has demonstrated that even his game was not likely played during that country weekend in Wales. He had likely based his game on both the evolving sport of outdoor tennis and on real tennis. Much of modern tennis terminology also derives from this period, for Wingfield and others borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis, and applied them to their variations of real tennis. In the scholarly work Tennis: A Cultural History, Heiner Gillmeister reveals that on December 8, 1874, Wingfield had written to Harry Gem, commenting that he had been experimenting with his version of lawn tennis for a year and a half. Gem himself had largely credited Perera with the invention of the game.

Wingfield did patent his hourglass court in 1874, but not his eight-page rule book titled "Sphairistike or Lawn Tennis", but he failed in enforcing his patent. In his version, the game was played on an hourglass-shaped court, and the net was higher (4 feet 8 inches) than it is in official lawn tennis. The service had to be made from a diamond-shaped box in the middle of one side of the court only, and the service had to bounce beyond the service line instead of in front of it. He adopted the rackets-based system of scoring where games consisted of 15 points (called 'aces'). None of these quirks survived the Marylebone Cricket Club's 1875 Rules of Lawn Tennis that have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since then. Those rules were adopted by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for the first Lawn Tennis Championship, at Wimbledon in 1877 (the men who devised those rules were members of both clubs). Wingfield does deserve great credit for popularizing the game of lawn tennis, as he marketed, in one boxed set, all the equipment needed to play his or other versions of it, equipment that had been available previously only at several different outlets. Because of this convenience, versions of the game spread like wildfire in Britain, and by 1875 lawn tennis had virtually supplanted croquet and badminton as outdoor games for both men and women.

Mary Ewing Outerbridge played the game in Bermuda at Clermont, a house with a spacious lawn in Paget parish. Innumerable histories claim that in 1874, Mary returned from Bermuda onboard the ship S.S. Canima and introduced lawn tennis to the United States, setting up supposedly the first tennis court in the United States on the grounds of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, which was near where the Staten Island Ferry Terminal is today. The club was founded on or about March 22, 1872. She is also mistakenly said to have played the first tennis game in the U.S. against her sister Laura in Staten Island, New York on an hourglass-shaped court. However, all this would have been impossible, as the tennis equipment she is said to have brought back from Bermuda was not available in Bermuda until 1875, and her next trip to Bermuda, when it was available there, was in 1877. In fact, lawn tennis was first introduced in the United States on a grass court on Col. William Appleton's Estate in Nahant, Massachusetts by Dr. James Dwight ("the Father of American Lawn Tennis"), Henry Slocum, Richard Dudley Sears and Sears' half-brother Fred Sears, in 1874.

Wingfield borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis:

Tennis comes from the French tenez, the formal imperative form of the verb tenir, to hold, meaning "hold!", "receive!" or "take!", an interjection used as a call from the server to his opponent to indicate that he is about to serve.

Racket (or racquet) derives from the Arabic rakhat, meaning the palm of the hand.

Deuce comes from "a deux du jeu" - two points away from game (that is, two consecutive points must be scored to win the game).

The origin of the use of love for zero is disputed. It is ascribed to derive from l'œuf, French for "the egg", traditionally representing the shape of a zero. Another possibility is that it derives from the Dutch expression "iets voor lof doen", which means to do something for praise, implying no monetary stakes.

The reason for the numbering of scores being "15", "30" and "40" is unknown. Historical sources suggest the system was originally 15, 30, 45 with the 45 simplified to 40 over time. Common theories are that it originated from the quarters of a clock, or from gambling stakes or just a trick from royal families to confuse the servants and maids so they wouldn't understand the system of scoring (that's why they use 40 in their system and not 45).

The four majors or Grand Slam tournaments, the four biggest competitions on the tennis circuit, are Wimbledon, the US Open, the French Open, and the Australian Open. Since the mid-1920s they became and have remained the more prestigious events in tennis. Winning these four tournaments in the same year is called the Calendar Grand Slam (a term borrowed from bridge).

1877: Wimbledon

The Championships, Wimbledon, were founded by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in 1877 to raise money for the club. The first Championships were contested by 22 men and the winner received a Silver Gilt Cup proclaiming the winner to be "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World". The first Championships culminated a significant debate on how to standardize the rules. The following year, it was recognized as the official British Championships, although it was open to international competitors. In 1884 the Ladies Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles Championships were inaugurated, followed by the Ladies and Mixed Doubles in 1913.

1881: U.S. Open

Tennis was first played in the U.S. on a grass court set up on the Estate of Col. William Appleton in Nahant, Massachusetts by James Dwight, Richard Dudley Sears and Fred Sears in 1874. In 1881, the desire to play tennis competitively led to the establishment of tennis clubs.

The first American National tournament was played in 1880 at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club in New York. An Englishman named Otway Woodhouse won the singles match. There was also a doubles match which was won by a local pair. There were different rules at each club. The ball in Boston was larger than the one normally used in NY. On May 21, 1881, the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (now the United States Tennis Association) was formed to standardize the rules and organize competitions.

The U.S. National Men's Singles Championship, now the US Open, was first held in 1881 at Newport, Rhode Island. The U.S. National Women's Singles Championships were first held in 1887 in Philadelphia.

The tournament was made officially one of the tennis 'Majors' from 1924 by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF).

1891/1925: French Open

Tennis was predominantly a sport of the English-speaking world, dominated by Great Britain and the United States. It was also popular in France, where the French Open dates to 1891 as the Championat de France International de Tennis. This tournament was not recognised as a Major or Grand Slam tournament until it was opened to all nationalities in 1925.

Name change
1891: Championnat de France
1925: Championnats Internationaux de France
1928: Tournoi de Roland Garros

Venue change
1891-1908: shared by Tennis Club de Paris/Ile de Puteaux, Paris/Racing Club de France
1909: Societe Athletique de la Villa Primrose, Bordeaux
1910: Racing Club de France, Paris
1925: Stade Français, Paris
1926: Racing Club de France, Paris
1927: Stade Français, Paris
1928: Stade Roland Garros, Paris

1905: Australian Open

The Australian Open was first played in 1905 as The Australasian (Australia and New Zealand) Championships. Because of its geographic remoteness, historically, the event did not gain attendance from the top tennis players. It became one of the major tennis tournaments starting in 1924 (designated by the ILTF). In 1927, because of New Zealand tennis authorities releasing their commitments to the tournament, it became known as the Australian Championships. For most of the 1970s and the early 1980s, the event lacked participation from top ranked tennis professionals. Since its move to Melbourne Park in 1988, the Australian Open has gained the popularity of the other three majors.

In 1898, Dwight F. Davis of the Harvard University tennis team designed a tournament format with the idea of challenging the British to a tennis showdown. The first match, between the United States and Great Britain was held in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. By 1905 the tournament had expanded to include Belgium, Austria, France, and Australasia, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed jointly until 1913.

The tournament initially was known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. It was renamed the Davis Cup following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. The tournament has vastly expanded and, on its 100th anniversary in 1999, 130 nations competed.

1896 Summer Olympics men's singles final

1913 also saw 12 national tennis associations agree at a Paris conference to form the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF), renamed in 1977 as the current International Tennis Federation (ITF). The rules the association promulgated in 1924 have remained remarkably stable in the ensuing century, the one major change being the addition of the tie-break system designed by James Van Alen.

The same year, tennis withdrew from the Olympics after the 1924 Games but returned 60 years later as a 21-and-under demonstration event in 1984. This reinstatement was credited by the efforts by the then ITF President Philippe Chatrier, ITF General Secretary David Gray and ITF Vice President Pablo Llorens as well as support from IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch. The success of the event was overwhelming, and the IOC decided to reintroduce tennis as a full medal sport at Seoul in 1988.

The idea of a Davis Cup-style tournament for national women's teams is surprisingly old-it was first proposed in 1919 by Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman. After she was turned down, she donated a trophy in 1923 that would be known as the Wightman Cup, awarded in an annual match between the two strongest women's tennis nations of the time, the United States and Great Britain.

In 1926, promoter C.C. Pyle established the first professional tour with a group of American and French players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable early professionals were American Vinnie Richards and Frenchwoman Suzanne Lenglen. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments.

Before the Open Era, the leading professional players were under contract with a professional promoter who controlled their appearances. For example, in 1926, Lenglen and Richards toured North America along with Paul Féret and Mary K. Browne under contract to Charles C. Pyle. The main events of the professional circuit comprised head-to-head competition and by-invitation Pro Championships, which were the equivalent of the Grand Slam tournaments on the professional circuit.

Suzanne Lenglen was the leading player in the first year of the professional circuit, and after she retired in February 1927, few female players played on the professional circuit before the Open Era.

In the years before the Open Era, professionals often played more frequently on head-to-head tours than in tournaments because tours paid much better than tournaments and the number of professional tournaments was small. For example, Fred Perry earned U.S. $91,000 ($1,852,440 today) in a 1937 North American tour against Ellsworth Vines but won only U.S. $450 ($9,355) for his 1938 victory at the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships. Vines probably never entered a tournament in 1937 and 1938. In 1937, Vines played 70 matches on two tours and no tournament matches. Even in the 1950s, some professionals continued to play tour matches. During his first five months as a professional (January through May 1957), Ken Rosewall played 76 matches on a tour against Pancho Gonzales but only 9 tournament matches. Joe McCauley determined that for 1952, only 7 professional tournaments were played by the top international players, and 2 other professional tournaments (the British Pro and the German Pro) were reserved for domestic players. Only during the 1960s did professional tournaments become more significant than tours.

Pro Championships (Pro Slams)

The Tournament of Champions was held between 1957 and 1959, the 1957 Australian editions taking place in Sydney White City and Melbourne Kooyong, while the U.S. editions in 1957, 1958 and 1959 took place at Forest Hills, Queens. There was also the Wimbledon Pro tournament held in August 1967, the first tournament where professional tennis players were allowed to play at Wimbledon.

The French Championships at Roland Garros was the first Grand Slam tournament to become "open" to professionals

The Open Era began in 1968 when Grand Slam tournaments agreed to allow professional players to compete with amateurs. Before 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in Grand Slam tournaments and other events organized or sanctioned by the ILTF, including the Davis Cup.

The move is made because the English are tired of the hypocrisy in the sport, the shamateurism that plagues high-class tennis. It is well known that amateurs bargain for - and receive - exorbitant expenses to compete at many tournaments. "We must take action on our own account to make the game honest", said Derek Penmam of the British association. "For too long now we have been governed by a set of amateur rules that are quite unenforceable."

During the first years of the Open Era, power struggles between the ILTF and the commercial promoters led to boycotts of Grand Slam events. The first Open Era event was the 1968 British Hard Court Championships held in April at The West Hants Club in Bournemouth, England, while the first open Grand Slam tournament was the 1968 French Open in May. Both tournaments were won by Ken Rosewall. The Open Era allowed all tennis players the opportunity to make a living by playing tennis.

National Tennis League (NTL) and World Championship Tennis (WCT)

In 1968, a few professionals were independent, including Lew Hoad, Mal Anderson, Luis Ayala, and Owen Davidson, but most of the best players were under contract. George McCall operated the National Tennis League (NTL) and managed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Fred Stolle and Roy Emerson. Dave Dixon (later succeeded by Lamar Hunt) ran World Championship Tennis (WCT) and managed the " Handsome Eight": John Newcombe, Tony Roche, Nikola Pilić, Roger Taylor, Pierre Barthès, Earl "Butch" Buchholz, Cliff Drysdale and Dennis Ralston. In 1968, none of the original Handsome Eight WCT players participated in the French Open. In 1970, NTL players did not play in the Australian Open because their organization did not receive a guarantee. In 1970, neither WCT nor NTL players played in the French Open.

In the first two years of the Open Era, the National Tennis League and WCT promoters began to take control of the game. To outmaneuver them, Jack Kramer, the best player of the late 1940s / early 1950s, and at that time a promoter, conceived the Grand Prix tennis circuit in late 1969. He described it as:

. . . a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative point system. This would encourage the best players to compete regularly in the series, so that they could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for a special championship tournament that would climax the year.

In 1970, none of the contract players participated in the French Open. The International Lawn Tennis Federation, alarmed by the control of the promoters, approved Kramer's Grand Prix. Twenty-seven tournaments, including the three Grand Slams (French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), were played that year, with Stockholm tournament ending on 1 November. The independent professional players along with a few contract players, entered the Grand Prix circuit. Contract players could play Grand Prix events provided their contracts allowed it, and that they had adequate time apart from their own circuit.

Tour rivalries and the creation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)

The first WCT tournaments were held in February 1968 and the first NTL tournaments in March 1969. In July 1970, the WCT absorbed the NTL. At the end of 1970, a panel of journalists ranked the players, leading the WCT to send invitations to the 32 top men to play the 1971 WCT circuit: among the 32, Ilie Năstase, Stan Smith, Jan Kodeš, Željko Franulović and Clark Graebner stayed independent. In 1971, the WCT ran 20 tournaments, and concluded the year with the WCT Finals. In 1971, the majority of the best players still mainly played the WCT circuit. Thus, the 1971 Australian Open was a WCT competition whereas the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open were ILTF Grand Prix events.[citation needed ]

By then, the rivalry between the two groups became so intense that Rosewall, Gimeno, Laver, Emerson and some other WCT players boycotted the 1971 US Open (although Newcombe played and lost in the first round to Kodes). Bill Riordan (the future manager of Jimmy Connors) complicated matters further with a third professional tour, the U.S. Indoor Circuit. In 1972, the conflict between the ILTF and the WCT culminated in the ILTF banning the contract professional players from all ILTF Grand Prix events between January and July, which included the 1972 French Open and 1972 Wimbledon.[citation needed ]

At the 1972 US Open in September, all the players attended and agreed to form a player syndicate to protect themselves from the promoters and associations, resulting in the creation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).

Between 1974 and 1978, any tennis player who participated in the nascent World Team Tennis, which conflicted with the European leg of the Grand Prix circuit, was banned by the French Tennis Federation from playing in the French Open in the same calendar year.[why? ]

In 1978 the ILTF Grand Prix and WCT circuits merged. However, In 1982, the WCT circuit separated again and created a more complex WCT ranking, similar to the ATP ranking. The WCT was not as successful in the 1980s, and the Grand Prix circuit became the primary circuit. The Grand Prix's governance was led by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (also called the Men's Tennis Council). The WCT Finals in Dallas continued being held until the end of the 1980s, and then disbanded with the creation of the ATP Tour for 1990.

The Open Era, the global professional circuit, and television helped tennis spread globally and shed its elitist, anglocentric image. In the United States, since the 1970s, courts have been a common feature of public recreational facilities. Accordingly, in the 1970s, the U.S. Open moved from the private West Side Tennis Club to a public park (the USTA National Tennis Center, Flushing Meadows Park) that is accessible to anyone who buys a ticket. About the same time, the ruling body's name changed from the United States Lawn Tennis Association to the United States Tennis Association.

In 1990, the Association of Tennis Professionals, led by Hamilton Jordan, replaced the MTC as the governing body of men's professional tennis. They established the ATP Tour, and packaged the nine most prestigious events as the "Championship Series - Single Tournament Week", and beginning in 1996, as the "Super Nine". Twelve of the Grand Prix which were slightly less prestigious than the first nine events were renamed as the "Championship Series - Double Week" (meaning in most cases, 2 of those tournaments occurred the same week). Winning a Super Nine tournament was worth roughly half the points (370) of winning a Grand Slam tournament (750), while Championship Series tournaments were worth as much as 360 points depending on the total prize money. The format continued until 2000 at which time the Super Nine were renamed the Masters Series (the winner being awarded 500 points), occupying the rank below the Grand Slams (1000 points for the winner), and the Championship Series was renamed to simply the International Series Gold (worth 250 to 300 points for the winner). In 2000, the Grand Slam tournaments and the Masters Series tournaments became mandatory professional events if a player's ranking qualifies them for the tournament. Players were automatically entered and Masters and Slam events became the baseline for player rankings with up to an additional 5 tournaments also counted (18 in all plus the ATP Finals if they qualify). Before 2000, a players' best 14 tournaments were counted towards the ATP Point Rankings.

Women's professional tennis

In 1947, women professionals were again in action with a short-lived series of exhibition matches between Pauline Betz and Sarah Palfrey Cooke, both U.S. National Champions. In 1950 and 1951, Bobby Riggs signed Betz and Gussie Moran to play a pro tour with Jack Kramer and Pancho Segura, wherein Betz dominated Moran. Althea Gibson turned professional in 1958 and joined with Karol Fageros ("the Golden Goddess") as the opening act for the Harlem Globetrotters for one season.

There was virtually no further women's professional tennis until 1967, when promoter George McCall signed Billie Jean King, Ann Jones, Françoise Dürr, and Rosie Casals to join his tour of eight men for two years. The professional women then played as independents as the Open Era began.

In 1970, promoter for the Pacific Southwest Championships in Los Angeles Jack Kramer offered the women only $7,500 in prize money versus the men's total of $50,000. When Kramer refused to match the men's prize money, King and Casals urged the other women to boycott.

Gladys Heldman, American publisher of World Tennis magazine, responded with a separate women's tour under the sponsorship of Virginia Slims cigarettes. In 1971 and 1972, the WT Women's Pro Tour offered nearly 10 times the prize money of other pro women's tennis events. The USLTA initially would not sanction the tour; however, the two groups determined to give Virginia Slims the individual events, and the USLTA the tour, thus resolving the conflict. In 1973, the U.S. Open made history by offering equal prize money to men and women. Billie Jean King, the most visible advocate for the women's cause, earned over $100,000 in 1971 and 1972.

In the famous Battle of the Sexes exhibition match against the vocally sexist Bobby Riggs in September 1973, King brought even more media attention to tennis, and to women professionals in all walks of life by beating Riggs.

The Women's Tennis Association, formed in 1973, is the principal organizing body of women's professional tennis, organizing the worldwide, professional WTA Tour. From 1984 to 1998, the finals matches of the championship event were best-of-five, uniquely among women's tournaments. In 1999, the finals reverted to best-of-three. The WTA Tour Championships are generally considered to be the women's fifth most prestigious event (after the four Grand Slam tournaments.) Sponsors have included Virginia Slims (1971-78), Avon (1979-82), Virginia Slims again (1983-94), J.P. Morgan Chase (1996-2000), Sanex (2001) Home Depot (2002), and Sony Ericsson (2006).

In 1954, James Van Alen founded the International Tennis Hall of Fame, a non-profit museum in Newport, Rhode Island. The building contains a large collection of memorabilia as well as honoring prominent players and others. Each year, a grass-court tournament takes place on its grounds, as well as an induction ceremony honoring new members.

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Most rules of (lawn) tennis derive from this precursor and it is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game. Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand, hence the name jeu de paume ("game of the palm").

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Change: They change the rules of golf  to make it  fair. They change it  to speed up the game. Also because they change the materials so they would have to change the rules.  

# data[].attributes.subject
Change: They change the rules of golf  to make it  fair. They change it  to speed up the game. Also because they change the materials so they would have to change the rules.  

# data[].attributes.body
Function: Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms to how to keep score during games of different levels of competition. The rules of a game apply to players, coaches and officials, and vary among different sports and age groups.
Connection: Fair competition, respect, friendship, team spirit, equality, sport without doping, respect for written and unwritten rules such as integrity, solidarity, tolerance, care, excellence and joy, are the building blocks of fair play that can be experienced and learnt both on and off the field.

# data[].attributes.headline
Reflection: It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called "tennis." It was popular in England and France, and Henry VIII of England was a big fan of the game, now referred to as real tennis.

# data[].attributes.subject
Reflection: It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called "tennis." It was popular in England and France, and Henry VIII of England was a big fan of the game, now referred to as real tennis.

# data[].attributes.body
Causation: Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off the court.

Form: Good sportsmanship is when people who are playing or watching a sport treat each other with respect.

# data[].attributes.body
Form: What does it mean being a good sportsman?
Function: What is the importance of rules and regulations?
Change: Why do they change the rules of golf?
Connection: How will we make the game fair?
Causation: Why do we have rules and regulations in sports?
Responsibility: How do you show good sportsmanship?
Perspective: What is the perspective of athletes in tennis and golf?
Reflection: How do we know the rules of tennis?

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1:Talk positively.
2:We share each others ideas.
3:Work sensibly.
4:Respect each other.
5: Try your best.
6: Take your time.
7: Ask for help.
8: Obey the rules.
9: Have fun.
10: Don't give up.

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Sports have rules and regulation to make them fair, accesible and enjoyable.     Les sports ont des règles et des règlements pour les rendre justes, accessibles et agréables

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Sports have rules and regulation to make them fair, accesible and enjoyable.     Les sports ont des règles et des règlements pour les rendre justes, accessibles et agréables