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Lesson 2: What is the albedo effect? How can we observe it in the lab?

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Lesson 2: What is the albedo effect? How can we observe it in the lab?

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Students make observations related to the albedo effect, engaging them in this phenomenon.

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Lesson 3: Evaluating Student Performance based on PBL

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Lesson 3: Evaluating Student Performance based on PBL

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Lesson 3: Collecting Evidence Graphic Organizer

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Lesson 3: Collecting Evidence Graphic Organizer

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Students will compile evidence from entire unit.

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Create an art installation to help inform the public about the UHIE and the associated risks of global warming.
Includes written reflection.

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Create a video broadcast for your local news station to inform the public about potential heat-related risks of global warming as mediated by the UHIE
Includes 20-minute video broadcasts and transcripts.

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Design a possible solution that would address the UHIE-related impacts of global warming.
Includes Engineering and design report.

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Write a letter to the Mayor of your city to demand action that would address the potential impacts of UHIE and global warming. Design three signs for a peaceful protest.

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Create a Scientific Poster to present your evidence of the potential risks of the UHIE at a Research Symposium.

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Lesson 3: Summative Assessment - Student Choice 

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Lesson 3: Summative Assessment - Student Choice 

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In this project, you will be working in groups of 3 to design a communication piece to inform the community about the potential risks of the UHIE and global warming. You will use evidence from the unit to support your claim.

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A Greenpoint building is part of a push to combat climate change and make the city more welcoming to wildlife.

Gina Argento, right, the chief executive of Broadway Stages, and Marni Majorelle of Alive Structures on the Broadway Stages rooftop in Brooklyn. Ms. Majorelle created the green roof. Credit... Natalie Keyssar for The New York Times

For some species, scientists say, cities can be more hospitable than rural and suburban areas, because fewer lawns and farms mean fewer pesticides. The green roof in Brooklyn, Kingsland Wildflowers at Broadway Stages, draws endangered monarch butterflies, a panoply of birds and wild bees that are native to New York City but threatened by what scientists have called an "insect apocalypse."

Green roofs like the one in Greenpoint, for instance, are expected to multiply under a city law that is set to take effect next month and will require new buildings to be topped with green spaces or solar panels. Either measure can help reduce carbon emissions and rising temperatures; green roofs also reduce storm-water runoff. Currently, the 730 green roofs in New York cover just 60 of the city's 40,000 rooftop acres, according to the Green Roof Researchers Alliance.

There are 2.9 billion fewer birds in the United States and Canada than there were 50 years ago. Over 20 years, America's monarch butterfly population has declined 90 percent, and the number of bumblebees has dropped nearly as much. The declines could be a harbinger of broader ecological collapse, and the disappearance of pollinating creatures threatens the food supply.

Much of New York City's potential in this regard remains untapped, experts say. But the law taking effect next month could change that.

Real estate groups argue that requiring green roofs is too expensive and burdensome for property owners. The solution that environmental activists consider ideal - charging properties for the amount of storm-water runoff they produce, and creating incentives for installing green roofs to reduce such runoff - is often called a "rain tax" by opponents.

But many animals thrive in urban settings, adapting to them over generations, or using them creatively, like Ms. Prybyla's favorite, a hive of honeybees that started producing red honey. It turned out that the bees had discovered vats of red syrup in a maraschino cherry factory in Brooklyn's Red Hook neighborhood.

It is difficult to quantify the effect of wildlife corridors, scientists say, because it is hard to isolate their impact from that of other environmental factors. But research so far shows that such corridors increase the number of species and individual creatures able to thrive in cities, and that even a patchwork of habitats can act as steppingstones, especially for flying creatures.

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How a Rooftop Meadow of Bees and Butterflies Shows N.Y.C.'s Future

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A Greenpoint building is part of a push to combat climate change and make the city more welcoming to wildlife. For some species, scientists say, cities can be more hospitable than rural and suburban areas, because fewer lawns and farms mean fewer pesticides.

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How does NYC Cool Roofs help communities?

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How does NYC Cool Roofs help communities?

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Constructing Explanations & Designing Solutions to Complex Problems

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Temperatures getting warmer as more solar energy is trapped in our atmosphere.

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Using Models to Predict Temperature Changes

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Using Models to Predict Temperature Changes

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Opportunities to evaluate Climate Models

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What will climate feel like in 60 years?

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Students learn how to quantify extreme heat events.

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Students learn how to quantify extreme heat events.

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Extreme heat conditions are defined as weather that is much hotter than average for a particular time and place (EPA, 2016). There are several ways to describe Extreme heat based on the average temperature ranges and extended periods of higher temperatures. Humidity can also play a role, but it will not be included  in this assignment.

(1) Which YEAR had the greatest number of days with a high temperature 10 above average?
(2) Which YEAR had the most periods (5 or more consecutive days) in which the temperature was above average?
(3) Which YEAR had the longest period (most consecutive days) in which the temperature was above average?

Formative Assessment Available.

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Exploring Past and Present Temperature in NYC
PRESENT

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Cities are more at risk of extreme heat events.

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Exploring Past and Present Temperature in NYC
PAST

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Student learning will be assessed using the following Exit Ticket prompt.

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Students will read the following articles and fill out the attached graphic organizer with their shoulder partners.

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Introducing the Urban Heat Island Effect

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Stages of the UHIE Unit

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When the average temperature at a place changes over the course of the year, it is due only to changes in the amount of energy transferred from the sun to the earth, not to changes in the amount of energy transferred from earth into space (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).

The sun’s energy is reflected or bounced off the surface of Earth. (OSU, 2010)

Higher albedo surfaces reflect more "heat."

The term “global warming” means the temperature is getting warmer everywhere.

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Student- driven inquiry lab where students design an experiment to demonstrate the albedo effect.

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Lesson 2: Are temperatures different between cities and surrounding suburban/rural areas? 

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Lesson 2: Are temperatures different between cities and surrounding suburban/rural areas? 

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Formative Assessment where students independently gather data from two different cities to compare UHIE and albedo effect impacts.

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We designed an inquiry-based investigation to help students test the relationship between the characteristics of the surface and temperature

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The year is 2018. Cities are hot. Really, really hot. Thanks to something called the "urban heat island effect," cities like Los Angeles and New York are literally the hottest places to live - and climate change is only warming things up more.

An epic heat wave wreaked havoc across L.A. this past week, leaving more than 26,000 residents without power after temperatures spiked to 109 degrees downtown. The good news is that cities are taking action to stem the serious public health threats that come along with extreme heat. If you want to read more about New York's efforts to stay cool, check out this week's cover story.

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The year is 2018. Cities are hot. Really, really hot. Thanks to something called the "urban heat island effect," cities like Los Angeles and New York are literally the hottest places to live - and climate change is only warming things up more. An epic heat wave wreaked havoc across L.A.

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Global Climate Change will exacerbate extreme heat events and the UHIE.

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Gathering evidence to explain the variation in temperatures due to the UHIE.

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Temperatures in cities are changing. One reason cities experience higher temperatures is due to infrastructure. Increased surfaces that absorb heat (black asphalt, roofs, etc.) make cities hotter. This is called the Urban Heat Island Effect.

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NGSS Standards HS ESS2-4; HS ESS3-5