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Works Cited

https://hemophilianewstoday.com/2017/08/24/six-famous-people-with-hemophilia/

https://hemophilianewstoday.com/what-causes-hemophilia/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02503.x

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemophilia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373327#:~:text=In%20some%20people%20with%20severe,factors%2C%20making%20treatment%20less%20effective

https://www.ajmc.com/view/prevalence-of-hemophilia-worldwide-is-triple-that-of-previous-estimates-new-study-says-

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1~What phenotypes does the genetic disorder show (appearance)?

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1~What phenotypes does the genetic disorder show (appearance)?

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Bleeding into the joints is the main phenotype. This can cause swelling and pain or tightness in the joints. Also, this can cause internal bleeding, which leads to bruising. It often affects the knees, elbows, and ankles.

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2~What other organ systems are affected and how?

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2~What other organ systems are affected and how?

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The immune system has a negative reaction to the clotting factors used to treat bleeding. When this happens, the immune system develops proteins. This is known as inhibitors, that inactivate the clotting factors.

The main difference between A and B is, they need injections to replace different clotting factors. In hemophilia A, factor VIII (8) is missing. In hemophilia B, it is factor IX (9) is missing. If unmanaged, this disease can be fatal. Therefore it should be taken very seriously. With proper care, most people can lead normal lives. Also, the severity of hemophilia that a person has is determined by a number of factors in their blood.

The following are clotting factors and their common names:

Factor I - fibrinogen.

Factor II - prothrombin.

Factor III - tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor)

Factor IV - ionized calcium ( Ca++ )

Factor V - labile factor or proaccelerin.

Factor VI - unassigned.

Factor VII - stable factor or proconvertin.

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3~Determine the cause of the disorder:  genetic or hereditary.

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3~Determine the cause of the disorder:  genetic or hereditary.

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Hemophilia is caused by a genetic mutation. The mutations involve genes that code for proteins that are essential in the blood clotting process. The bleeding symptoms happen because the blood clotting is damaged.

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4~What type of mutation causes this genetic disorder?

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4~What type of mutation causes this genetic disorder?

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Hemophilia is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. A condition is considered X-linked when the gene mutation that causes it is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes. In males, who have only one X chromosome. One altered copy of the gene in each cell is enough to cause this condition.

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5~What is the rate of occurrence with the genetic disorder? 

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5~What is the rate of occurrence with the genetic disorder? 

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In the United States, Hemophilia A affects 1 in 5,000 male births. About 400 babies are born with hemophilia A each year.

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7~What medical treatment is currently available?

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7~What medical treatment is currently available?

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The main treatment for hemophilia is called replacement therapy. The clotting factor for hemophilia A or clotting factor IX (for hemophilia B) is dripped or injected into a vein. This helps replace the clotting factor that is missing or low.

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6~What famous (or well known) people have the disorder?

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6~What famous (or well known) people have the disorder?

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Famous people with hemophilia include Queen Victoria, Ryan Wayne White, Richard Burton and Alexandra Borstein.