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Freedmen’s Bureau created (March 3, 1865

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Freedmen’s Bureau created (March 3, 1865

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Freedmen’s Bureau was established in March 1865, created partly to redistribute confiscated land from southern whites

Freedmen’s Bureau had 900 agents scattered across 11 southern states handling everything from labor disputes to distributing clothing and food to starting schools to protecting freedmen from the Ku Klux Klan.

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Abraham Lincoln is assassinated (April 14, 1865)

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Abraham Lincoln is assassinated (April 14, 1865)

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Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. by John Wilkes Booth, a stage actor.

Just 41 days before his assassination, the 16th President had used his second inaugural address to signal reconciliation between the north and south

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Abraham Lincoln - The Argument Against Cancel Culture - Historical Documentary

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Andrew Johnson becomes president (April 14, 1865)

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Andrew Johnson becomes president (April 14, 1865)

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With the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869)

Johnson began implementing a restoration plan based loosely on Lincoln's ideas to help reintegrate the South. He issues pardons to most Confederates who are willing to take an oath of loyalty.

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Mississippi creates "Black Codes" that limit the rights of freed Black people. They soon become common across the South.

Southern Black Codes provided another source of labor for white employers—black orphans and the children of vagrants or other destitute parents.

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13th Amendment is ratified (December 6, 1865)

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13th Amendment is ratified (December 6, 1865)

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President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures.

The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States

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Slavery by another name? The 13th. Amendment

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In Pulaski, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a secret society that they christen the “Ku Klux Klan.”

The name of the Ku Klux Klan was derived from the Greek word kyklos, meaning “circle,” and the Scottish-Gaelic word “clan,” which was probably chosen for the sake of alliteration. Under a platform of philosophized white racial superiority, the group employed violence as a means of pushing back Reconstruction and its enfranchisement of African Americans.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared all male persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."

Although President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation, that veto was overturned by the 39th United States Congress and the bill became law.

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The riot began when a white police officer attempted to arrest a black ex-soldier and an estimated fifty blacks showed up to stop the police from jailing him.

In the attack, which occurred a little more than a year after the Confederate surrender, 46 Blacks (most of them Union veterans) were murdered, more than 70 wounded, 5 Black women raped, and 12 churches and 4 schools burned.

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Congressional Republicans again joined forces to pass the Reconstruction Act.

The states were required to grant black men the right to vote and ratify the 14th Amendment.

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14th Amendment is ratified (June 8, 1866)

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14th Amendment is ratified (June 8, 1866)

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Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States.

Including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,” extending the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states.

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Southern constitutional conventions including freedman 1886

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Southern constitutional conventions including freedman 1886

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The election for the South Carolina constitutional convention was held on November 19 and 20, 1867.

For the first time in South Carolina’s history, black men voted in an election.

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15th Amendment is ratified (February 3, 1870)

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15th Amendment is ratified (February 3, 1870)

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Although ratified on February 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th Amendment would not be fully realized for almost a century. Through the use of poll taxes, literacy tests and other means, Southern states were able to effectively disenfranchise African Americans.

It would take the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 before the majority of African Americans in the South were registered to vote.

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Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy” 1876

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Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy” 1876

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Known as the Shotgun Policy in South Carolina, the Mississippi Plan called for the bribery or intimidation of black voters.

Financial enticements were given to blacks who supported the Democrats, and violence was waged on others in order to convince them to join a Democratic club for protection.

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The Compromise of 1877 was an unwritten deal, informally arranged among U.S. Congressmen, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election.

Through the Compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J.

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The Compromise of 1877 Explained: US History Review