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During the late 1800s, racist groups like the kkk rose to an all-time high in response to the question of equality for freed-slaves, as seen in a U.S. general's report to the secretary of war (doc 3), in which the terrorist actions of the kkk are detailed in the state of Texas, therefore, reducing the initial hopes and effects of reconstruction across American society.

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Ultimately the Reconstruction of the United States was ineffective at bringing equality and rights to African American citizens, due to Jim Crow laws and Southerners that were able to undermine efforts made by the government. For example states Congress passed the 15th amendment saying “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (Doc. 4). This was intended to bring equality in voting amongst African Americans, however, southerners denied African Americans of this right by forcing them to take literacy tests that were nearly impossible. They were forced to pay poll taxes, and not many African Americans had the money to afford this in order to vote. Also, they were threatened by groups like the Klu Klux Klan with violence if they were to vote.This shows that reconstruction was ineffective in reducing the oppression of African Americans because even amendments passed by Congress were unable to stop the Southerners from finding ways to prevent African Americans from gaining equality and the right to vote.

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Reconstruction did very little to provide equality to freed slaves and integrate them into society. Former slave owner, Frances Butler Leigh was upset that the government disqualified every white man from the south from voting while allowing African Americans to vote (document two). Frances Butler Leigh was a former slave holder, tightly holding on to the prejudices and racism of the south. Her perspective before and after the war has not changed and she still looks down upon African Americans as an inferior race. Reconstruction failed to open up the minds of the former slave owners to the idea of universal inequality. 

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Nathan LAFEVER & Andrew Rightmyer & RITSOS

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Nathan LAFEVER & Andrew Rightmyer & RITSOS

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In Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, it demonstrates the effects of the Freedman's Bureau as it allowed for schools to be built for blacks where they could begin and advance their education. The purpose of this illustration in a popular newspaper is to show the southern yommen that schools were built for black students and further demonstrate the effects of the Freedmans Bureau as it proves that the Freedmans Bureau was working as an equality measure.

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 THE REAL Nathan LAFEVER & Andrew Rightmyer

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 THE REAL Nathan LAFEVER & Andrew Rightmyer

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In Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, it demonstrates the effects of the Freedman's Bureau as it allowed for schools to be built for blacks where they could begin and advance their education. The purpose of this illustration in a popular newspaper is to show the southern yeomen that schools were built for black students and further demonstrate the effects of the Freedman's Bureau as it proves that the Freedman's Bureau was working as an equality measure.

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Although some believe that the reconstruction was a failure, the Freedmen’s Bureau proves that there were some successes within the period of reconstruction in America from 1865 to 1900. Before the Civil War, African-American children weren’t even receiving an education, let alone one from white teachers, proving the benefits of the Freedmen’s Bureau within Reconstruction [Document 1].

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Though slavery was abolished and reconstruction was attempted the oppression and violence of African Americans still continued as show by general Reynolds in his report to the U.S. secretary of war. The purpose of this report was to inform the government of these organizations like the KKK who were terrorizing black people.

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Throughout the late 19th century, even with the laws and rules, white supremacists found ways to suppress African voters by scaring them and terrorizing them.
The purpose of the 15th Amendment was to give citizens, specifically African Americans, the right to vote with the federal government supporting them (Document 4).

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With the time that America was given to rebuild itself it found itself at war again,

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As seen in Document 3, in response to reconstruction equality measures, such groups like the Ku Klux Klan and eventually the White League reestablished white supremacy in the United States through intimidation, which lead to the failure of reconstruction and shaped the U.S. well into the 1900’s. From the point of view of someone tasked with enforcing reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan would be one of the biggest threats against reconstruction in the South and eventually the North that needed to be taken care of, but it is easier said than done.

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Post civil war, American society was greatly changed by reconstruction and organizations such as the Freedman's Bureau. Because of African Americans increase in civil rights and the new opportunities of advancement provided to them, freed men were able to create a life they so greatly deserved. This is demonstrated in document 1, which was created with the intent to show the success  in reforming education for black children.

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The purpose of the fifteenth amendment was to provide equal rights for all citizens, however, after the civil war, the south was able to deny African Americans the right to vote by imposing poll taxes, forcing them to take literacy tests, and interrogating them at the polls, which overall proves how racism was never demolished (doc 4). The Radical Republicans tried to enforce such laws after the war, however, no change was brought about due to the underlying issue of white supremacy.

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Despite the fact that, in society, racism was still prominent, American laws began shifting towards equality through changes such as The Fifteenth Amendment, written in 1870, which gave all citizens, no matter their race or previous enslavement, the right to vote (Doc 4). This achieved the overdue milestone of black Americans’ opportunity to participate in american democracy, furthering racial equality in America and proving the beginning of the nation’s recognition of black Americans as true and equal american citizens.

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Document 3 supports the idea that reconstruction caused little change of reconstruction because racism and the KKK. The Jim Crow south needed to show African Americans that they were still superior, so they created groups such as: The White Mob and the KKK, White Supremacists were in control of those groups.