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All courts in England and Wales are designed to deliver justice using a number of different courts:

·       County Court.

·       Magistrates' Court.

·       Crown Court.

·       Royal Courts of Justice.

·       Youth Court.

The Supreme Court

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The burden of proofThe burden of proving the guilt of the defendant lies on the prosecution, who must prove the particulars of the offence beyond reasonable doubt; the jury or magistrates should only convict if they are sure of the defendant's guilt.

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The burden of proofThe burden of proving the guilt of the defendant lies on the prosecution, who must prove the particulars of the offence beyond reasonable doubt; the jury or magistrates should only convict if they are sure of the defendant's guilt.

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Investigation meetings provide an opportunity for an investigator to interview someone who is involved in, or has information on, the matter under investigation. However, they can be difficult and emotional, particularly for someone who is under investigation or who has raised a complaint

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There are a number of investigative principles which are widely accepted within the police service. The principles are underpinned by the recognition that policing works best where it has the support and cooperation of the community.

These principles propose that:

the exercise of legal powers should not be oppressive and should be proportionate to the crime under investigation

as far as is operationally practical and having regard to an individual’s right to confidentiality, investigations should be carried out as transparently as possible – victims, witnesses and suspects should be kept up to date with developments in the case

investigators should take all reasonable steps to understand the particular needs of individuals, including, but not limited to, any protected characteristics they may have, in order to comply with the provisions of the Equality Act 2010

investigators should have particular regard for vulnerable people and children

investigators should respect the professional ethics of others. This is particularly important when working with those whose role it is to support suspects.

These principles, the investigation process, and an investigative mindset provide a structure to support quality investigations.

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A person who has seen or can give first hand evidence of some event

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A person who has seen or can give first hand evidence of some event

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According to Ministry of Justice (2011) Achieving Best Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Guidance on interviewing victims and witnesses, and guidance on using special measures, significant witnesses, sometimes referred to as ‘key’ witnesses, are those who:have or claim to have witnessed, visually or otherwise, an indictable offence, part of such an offence or events closely connected with it (including any incriminating comments made by the suspected offender either before or after the offence) and/orhave a particular relationship to the victim or have a central position in an investigation into an indictable offence.While significant witnesses are usually defined with reference to indictable-only offences, investigating officers may consider designating witnesses as significant in any other serious case where it might be helpful.A police officer who has witnessed murder, manslaughter, road death, serious physical assault, sexual assault, kidnap, robberies in which firearms are involved or any criminal attempts or conspiracies in relation to these offences should also be considered a significant witness.

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According to Ministry of Justice (2011) Achieving Best Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Guidance on interviewing victims and witnesses, and guidance on using special measures, significant witnesses, sometimes referred to as ‘key’ witnesses, are those who:have or claim to have witnessed, visually or otherwise, an indictable offence, part of such an offence or events closely connected with it (including any incriminating comments made by the suspected offender either before or after the offence) and/orhave a particular relationship to the victim or have a central position in an investigation into an indictable offence.While significant witnesses are usually defined with reference to indictable-only offences, investigating officers may consider designating witnesses as significant in any other serious case where it might be helpful.A police officer who has witnessed murder, manslaughter, road death, serious physical assault, sexual assault, kidnap, robberies in which firearms are involved or any criminal attempts or conspiracies in relation to these offences should also be considered a significant witness.

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- Demonstrative evidence
- Documentary evidence
- Testimonial evidence

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The burden of proving the guilt of the defendant lies on the prosecution, who must prove the particulars of the offence beyond reasonable doubt; the jury or magistrates should only convict if they are sure of the defendant's guilt.

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The burden of proving the guilt of the defendant lies on the prosecution, who must prove the particulars of the offence beyond reasonable doubt; the jury or magistrates should only convict if they are sure of the defendant's guilt.

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The standard of proof is the degree to which a party must prove its case to succeed. The burden of proof, sometimes known as the “onus”, is the requirement to satisfy that standard.In criminal cases, the burden of proof is on the prosecution, and the standard required of them is that they prove the case against the defendant “beyond reasonable doubt”. For the benefit of the jury in the Crown Court, this is usually expressed as requiring them to be “satisfied so that you are sure” of the defendant’s guilt. This is unofficially described as the 99% test.In civil cases, the burden of proof is on the claimant, and the standard required of them is that they prove the case against the defendant “on a balance of probabilities”. This is unofficially described as the 51% test.

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The standard of proof is the degree to which a party must prove its case to succeed. The burden of proof, sometimes known as the “onus”, is the requirement to satisfy that standard.In criminal cases, the burden of proof is on the prosecution, and the standard required of them is that they prove the case against the defendant “beyond reasonable doubt”. For the benefit of the jury in the Crown Court, this is usually expressed as requiring them to be “satisfied so that you are sure” of the defendant’s guilt. This is unofficially described as the 99% test.In civil cases, the burden of proof is on the claimant, and the standard required of them is that they prove the case against the defendant “on a balance of probabilities”. This is unofficially described as the 51% test.

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- Understanding the source of the material - Planning and preparation
- Examination
- Recording and collation
Evaluation

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Adopting an investigative mindset, using investigative evaluation and developing and testing case theory helps the investigating officer to understand the material that has been gathered. It also defines the additional material needed to make progress in an investigation

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Oral testimony: the oral statement of a witness made on oath in open court and put forward as evidence of its truth.Witness statements and expert reports: written statements made by witnesses including expert reports, which are produced in the proceedings as evidence.Real (tangible) evidence: this is usually a material object of some kind, which is produced for inspection, either to prove that it exists, or so that the court can make an inference as to its condition or value, for example, ripped clothing, a knife or burnt documents.Hearsay evidence: hearsay evidence is a statement not made in oral evidence in the proceedings that is evidence of the matter stated.Documentary evidence: documents including digital records of communications, and so on, produced as evidence to the court.

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Oral testimony: the oral statement of a witness made on oath in open court and put forward as evidence of its truth.Witness statements and expert reports: written statements made by witnesses including expert reports, which are produced in the proceedings as evidence.Real (tangible) evidence: this is usually a material object of some kind, which is produced for inspection, either to prove that it exists, or so that the court can make an inference as to its condition or value, for example, ripped clothing, a knife or burnt documents.Hearsay evidence: hearsay evidence is a statement not made in oral evidence in the proceedings that is evidence of the matter stated.Documentary evidence: documents including digital records of communications, and so on, produced as evidence to the court.

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Primary evidence is:• an original document•                     a statement about its contents Primary evidence is usually required to prove the contents of a document.  

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Primary evidence is:• an original document•                     a statement about its contents Primary evidence is usually required to prove the contents of a document.  

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Secondary evidence is:• a copy of a document•                  verbal evidence about its contents.  

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Secondary evidence is:• a copy of a document•                  verbal evidence about its contents.  

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 forensic tests can be done on pieces of evidence, for example:•                    substance analysis• facial mapping                                With forensic evidence:• it is carried out by forensic experts• you can give the results as evidence in court• it is subject to the same standards of admissibility as for any other class of evidence

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 forensic tests can be done on pieces of evidence, for example:•                    substance analysis• facial mapping                                With forensic evidence:• it is carried out by forensic experts• you can give the results as evidence in court• it is subject to the same standards of admissibility as for any other class of evidence

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“Before examining the stages of an investigation, it is useful to consider the way in which an investigation is approached. The approach is known as the investigative mindset. The application of an investigative mindset will bring some order to the way in which you examine material and make decisions. It can be broken down into the five following principles:Understanding the source of materialPlanning and preparation of the investigation Examination of material Recording and collation of information Evaluation of the material.”

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“Before examining the stages of an investigation, it is useful to consider the way in which an investigation is approached. The approach is known as the investigative mindset. The application of an investigative mindset will bring some order to the way in which you examine material and make decisions. It can be broken down into the five following principles:Understanding the source of materialPlanning and preparation of the investigation Examination of material Recording and collation of information Evaluation of the material.”

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CCTV
MG11
Witness Account
Victims Account
Hearsay Evidence
Forensic Evidence

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Female has been assaulted
Padget stores newfield estate ex14 2bj
RP - Brian Towers

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Any other people present or involved - witnesses?

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Any other people present or involved - witnesses?

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Does the caller know them/seen them before?

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Does the caller know them/seen them before?

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·       CCTV

·       Witness account

·       Any other witness that see the
incident

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Pass descriptions to CCTV (City centre) 

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Pass descriptions to CCTV (City centre) 

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And to taxi firms/bus companies

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Check scene - car park? Other witnesses?

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Check scene - car park? Other witnesses?

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Send description to comms - other units?

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Send description to comms - other units?

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A person is guilty of an offensce who assaults any person, thereby occasioning him actual bodily harm

Points to prove
date and location
unlawfully
assaulted
another person
occasioning him/her
actual bodily arm

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MG11 Witness and Victim
DASH
VIST
CCTV statement

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Non Fatal Offences Against the Person # 2 - Assault

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The shop keeper
Brian Towers, Newfiled Estate EX14 2DJ

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MG11

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what are we seeking to provide for the court?

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what are we seeking to provide for the court?

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CCTV, MG11 witness

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The existence of CCTV material should always be considered as a reasonable line of enquiry in an investigation.                      3.2.2. When viewing CCTV, the emphasis should not simply be on whether the recording contains evidence of the offence but whether it contains anything which is considered relevant, i.e. could it prove or disprove the offence, has it any bearing on the offence under investigation or on any person being investigated, or on the surrounding circumstances? 3.2.3. The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 places a statutory obligation on the police to record and retain material that may be relevant to an investigation. Officers should err on the side of caution if they are unsure and record and retain CCTV footage. 3.2.4. If the CCTV material is considered irrelevant, i.e. incapable of having any impact on the case, a PNB entry should be made as to what the recording contained along with the justification for not seizing it. 3.2.5. In every charge and summons case where CCTV constitutes key evidence, the CCTV must be comprehensively summarised in paragraph 4 of the MG5. If copies are not being provided to the CPS, confirmation that the CCTV has been seized and its current location must also be recorded on paragraph 4 of the MG5.    

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The existence of CCTV material should always be considered as a reasonable line of enquiry in an investigation.                      3.2.2. When viewing CCTV, the emphasis should not simply be on whether the recording contains evidence of the offence but whether it contains anything which is considered relevant, i.e. could it prove or disprove the offence, has it any bearing on the offence under investigation or on any person being investigated, or on the surrounding circumstances? 3.2.3. The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 places a statutory obligation on the police to record and retain material that may be relevant to an investigation. Officers should err on the side of caution if they are unsure and record and retain CCTV footage. 3.2.4. If the CCTV material is considered irrelevant, i.e. incapable of having any impact on the case, a PNB entry should be made as to what the recording contained along with the justification for not seizing it. 3.2.5. In every charge and summons case where CCTV constitutes key evidence, the CCTV must be comprehensively summarised in paragraph 4 of the MG5. If copies are not being provided to the CPS, confirmation that the CCTV has been seized and its current location must also be recorded on paragraph 4 of the MG5.    

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House to house enquiries.
Speak to the shop owner to see if he recognize the witness.
CCTV

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Identify woman with umbrella - potential key witness

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Identify woman with umbrella - potential key witness

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CCTV not particularly clear of the males face - important to note clothing/build/description from shopkeeper 

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CCTV not particularly clear of the males face - important to note clothing/build/description from shopkeeper 

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Assault?
Criminal damage?
Attempted shoplifting?
Drugs? Shopkeeper overheard conversation about getting money to get 'gear'

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MG05 Case Summary
MG06 Case File information
MG09 Witness List
DASH
VIST (Amber)
MG11 A and VPS for Zoe MARTIN
MG11B
MG12 Exhibit List
MG19 Compensation
MG02 Special Measures Assessment
ABE for consideration

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Social services
GP
Support from her mum and her friends
Housing

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Find an address for 'Matt' - arrest/VA for criminal damage
Obtain statement from shopkeeper
PNC checks on both Matt and Zoe
VPS for Zoe

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Medical help, to see the GP due to being pregnant/drugs withdrawal
Social Services

Find Matt, where is he?
Zoe MARTIN, her welfare and safeguarding will need to be taken into consideration.
SODAIT Team
Consider speaking to CID to see if we can borrow a temporary phone.
Victim and witness support.
Signpost her to drug agency and consider her partner at some point.
Identify the witness.

Emergency Housing
Woman's Aid

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Phone seize
Victim accounts taken
DASH and VIST
CCTV from the shop
MG11 Shop Keeper and statement
MG11 Victm

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Arrest
DVPN order in place