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HAMLET

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Love supports revenge as a theme because Hamlet sacrifices his love for Ophelia and his mother in order to pursue his revenge, primarily because of his love for his father.
•Hamlet's love for Queen Gertrude comes into question upon the death of his father and her marriage to King Claudius.
•Hamlet's romantic love for Ophelia is in a constant state of flux and beyond his control.

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Essentially, a revenge tragedy is a play in which the hero attemps to put right a great wrong that has been commited.
There is often an unscrupulous villain whose political ruthlessness leads to corruption and wrong-doing. Other key characteristics are the presence of a ghost which demands revenge for its murder and the use of a “dumb show”, or dramatic mime, to explain which have happened off-stage.
Revenge tragedies are very bloody with multiple murders both on and off-stage.
Revenge tragedies begin with an exposition,where background information is provided and an outside character,often a ghost, appears to the hero giving him the motivation for revenge.
This is followed by the anticipation, when the hero plans his revenge in detail.
Next is the confrontation or face-off between the hero and the villain. The delay comes soon after, in which the hero hesitates and has second thoughts, thereby increasing the tension.
This is finally followed by the completion, when the hero carries out his revenge and which usually features multiple deaths.

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Feigned madness: is a tool used by Hamlet to take time to find out information and decide what to do. In fact when the Ghost tells to Hamlet his murder, he wants to check if it is true. So he goes crazy in such a way as to gain more time to find some evidence.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uet1OaTal5Q

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Real madness: heightens the sense of tragedy. It usually involves a main character who, at the beginning of the play, is completely sane. The people who becomes crazy do extreme acts. The real madness makes reflect the other characters on the meaning of the life and the consequences of violence. Ophelia becames crazy because Hamlet doesn’t return her.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uet1OaTal5Q

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Madness  is one of the principal theme in Hamlet. It can be real or feigned.

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The soliloquy expresses Hamlet’s dilemma between suicide and life. Life appears to him as painful and full of troubles. Against this hard life suicide is a solution.
The general idea about life is a negative one. In fact Hamlet sees life as a continuous fight chracterized by evils and pains. He also thinks there is not reward in the end he doubts there is life after death.
So he wonders if it nobler tosuffer or to oppose and choose death.

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To be or not to be - Kenneth Branagh  HD  (HAMLET)

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ActIII Scene I

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•They are all very close
•Polonius and Laertes concern deeply for Ophelia and her relationship with Hamlet
•Ophelia is very respectful towards her father and brother
•Laertes is willing to do anything to avenge for his father and sister

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•A complicated relationship
•Hamlet becomes angry at his mother for marrying claudius, and he is sickened by how quickly she marries after her husband’s death

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•Hamlet immediately resents Claudius as he takes his father’s throne right after he has dead.
•Their relationship troubled from the beginning for they regard each other with suspicions that one other has done something wrong

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•Ophelia: is Polonius’s daughter. She is in love with Hamlet but she is not returned. She is very fragile and vulnerable.

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•Polonius: is the king’s counsellor and the father of Laertes and Ophelia.

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•Laertes: is a dutiful son to Polonius and an affectionate brother to Ophelia.

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•The actors: are a group of traveling actors who come to Elsinore Castle.
•The guards: Marcellus and Bernardo are soldiers who see the Ghost on the castle ramparts.

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•Horatio: is a good friend to Hamlet. He gives Hamlet good advice and always supports him and believes in him.
•Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: are university friends of Hamlet’s. They seem like good friends but they are easily ‘bought’ and do not remain loyal to Hamlet.

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He is the Prince of Denmark. He is the son of the late king Hamlet and Gertrude, and nephew of King Claudius.

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She is Hamlet’s mother. She was the wife of King Hamlet until his death and she is now the wife of the new king, Claudius.

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He is Hamlet’s uncle and the new king of Denmark after the death of Hamlet’s father.

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It is the spirit of Hamlet’s dead father, King Hamlet, who ruled Denmark until very recently.

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The structure of the play is flexible. Shakespeare doesn’t give great importance to the division between the acts; sometimes the division was imposed. In the third act there is a play-within-the-play which, paradoxically, is the only thrue thing in the play,since it is wanted by Hamlet to expose his father’s murderer. The play is performed without an interval. The scene finishes when all the characters have left the stage.

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•love relationships
•madness
•action and inaction
•youth and age
•the existence of God and a life after death
•hamlet’s family relationships
•honour

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The story of Hamlet is set in the late Middle Ages(14th and 15th centuries) in and around the royal castle in Elsinore, a city in Denmark.
Like England, Denmark was a Protestant country.

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The soliloquy is a speaking made by a character who is alone on the stage.

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Act I

Late at night, guards on the battlements of Denmark's Elsinore castle are met by Horatio, Prince Hamlet's friend. The guards describe a ghost they have seen that resembles Hamlet's father, the recently-deceased king. Claudius, Hamlet's uncle, married Hamlet's recently-widowed mother, becoming the new King of Denmark. Hamlet continues to mourn for his father's death and laments his mother's lack of loyalty.

At that moment, the Ghost reappears, and the guards and Horatio decide to tell Hamlet. When Hamlet hears of the Ghost from Horatio, he wants to see it for himself.

The Ghost appears to Hamlet, claiming indeed to be the ghost of his father. He tells Hamlet about how Claudius, the current King and Hamlet's uncle, murdered him, and Hamlet swears vengeance for his father. Hamlet decides to feign madness while he tests the truth of the Ghost's allegations.

After the dialogue between Hamlet and his father’s ghost, Hamlet says his famous soliloquy “To be or not to be”.

Elsewhere, Laertes warns his sister, Ophelia,to be away from Hamlet and thinking too much of his attentions towards her.

Act II

Ophelia follows her brother’s advice and rejects Hamlet. She tells her father that she has seen Hamlet behaving very strangely as if he has lost his mind. Claudius and Polonius think that Hamlet has gone  crazy because of his unrequited love for Ophelia. Claudius summons Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, old friends of Hamlet to find out what's got into him.

Their arrival coincides with a group of travelling actors that Hamlet seems to know well. Hamlet writes a play which includes scenes that mimic the murder of  Hamlet's father: The murder of Gonzago.

Polonius and Claudius spy on Hamlet as he talks to Ophelia. He treats her badly and appears to be raving, further convincing Polonius that his madness has been caused by Ophelia’s rejection of him. Claudius however believes that his stepson’s behaviour is caused by sadness rather than insanity and decides to send him to England.

Act III

At the performance, Hamlet watches Claudius closely to see how he reacts. The play provokes Claudius, and he interrupts the action by storming out. He immediately resolves to send Hamlet away. Hamlet is summoned by his distressed mother, Gertrude, and on the way, he happens upon Claudius kneeling and attempting to pray. Hamlet reasons that to kill the King now would only send his soul to heaven rather than hell. Hamlet decides to spare his life for the time being.

Polonius hides in Gertrude's room to protect her from her unpredicatable son. When Hamlet arrives to scold his mother, her hears Polonius moving behind a tapestry. He stabs the tapestry and kills Polonius.

Act IV

Hamlet is sent to England, supposedly as an ambassador, during his journey, Hamlet discovers Claudius has a plan to have him killed once he arrives.

Ophelia is fallen in madness, because of her secret love for Hamlet. Horatio brings Ophelia to see the queen because he is worried about her mental state.

Laertes, who has returned to Elsinore after hearing of his father’s death, finds her sister has gone mad. Claudius tells him that Hamlet is responsible and he asks Laertes to help him murder Hamlet. They decide that Laertes will challenge Hamlet to a duel and to ensure that Hamlet dies they have two back-up plans: they will poison the tip of Laertes’s sword and Claudius will prepare a poisoned chalice of wine.

Ophelia drowns while she were hanging flowers on a branch. The branch broke and she fell into water.

Act V

A duel is arranged between Hamlet and Laertes. During the match, Claudius conspires with Laertes to kill Hamlet. The plans go wrong when Gertrude drinks from the poisoned cup and dies. Then both Laertes and Hamlet are wounded by the poisoned blade, and Laertes dies.

Hamlet, in his death throes, kills Claudius. Hamlet dies, leaving only his friend Horatio to explain the truth to the new king, Fortinbras, as he returns in victory from the Polish wars.