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HINDU HEALTH CHECK

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Gandhi - Human Rights Activist | Mini Bio | Biography

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Narendra Modi (born September 17, 1950, Vadnagar, India) Indian politician and government official who rose to become a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). In 2014 he led his party to victory in elections to the Lok Sabha (lower chamber of the Indian parliament), after which he was sworn in as prime minister of India. Prior to that he had served (2001-14) as chief minister (head of government) of Gujarat state in western India.

Early life and political career

Modi was raised in a small town in northern Gujarat, and he completed an M.A. degree in political science from Gujarat University in Ahmadabad. He joined the pro-Hindu Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) organization in the early 1970s and set up a unit of the RSS's students' wing, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, in his area. Modi rose steadily in the RSS hierarchy, and his association with the organization significantly benefited his subsequent political career.

Modi joined the BJP in 1987, and a year later he was made the general secretary of the Gujarat branch of the party. He was instrumental in greatly strengthening the party's presence in the state in succeeding years. In 1990 Modi was one of the BJP members who participated in a coalition government in the state, and he helped the BJP achieve success in the 1995 state legislative assembly elections that in March allowed the party to form the first-ever BJP-controlled government in India. The BJP's control of the state government was relatively short-lived, however, ending in September 1996.

Political ascent and term as chief minister of Gujarat

In 1995 Modi was made the secretary of the BJP's national organization in New Delhi, and three years later he was appointed its general secretary. He remained in that office for another three years, but in October 2001 he replaced the incumbent Gujarat chief minister, fellow BJP member Keshubhai Patel, after Patel had been held responsible for the state government's poor response in the aftermath of the massive Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat earlier that year that killed more than 20,000 people. Modi entered his first-ever electoral contest in a February 2002 by-election that won him a seat in the Gujarat state assembly.

Modi's political career thereafter remained a mixture of deep controversy and self-promoted achievements. His role as chief minister during communal riots that engulfed Gujarat in 2002 was particularly questioned. He was accused of condoning the violence or, at least, of doing little to stop the killing of more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, that ensued after dozens of Hindu passengers died when their train was set on fire in the city of Godhra. In 2005 the United States declined to issue him a diplomatic visa on the grounds that he was responsible for the 2002 riots, and the United Kingdom also criticized his role in 2002. Although in the succeeding years Modi himself escaped any indictment or censure-either by the judiciary or by investigative agencies-some of his close associates were found guilty of complicity in the 2002 events and received lengthy jail sentences. Modi's administration was also accused of involvement in extrajudicial killings (variously termed "encounters" or "fake encounters") by police or other authorities. One such case, in 2004, involved the deaths of a woman and three men whom officials said were members of Lashkar-e-Taiba (a Pakistan-based terrorist organization that was involved in the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks) and were alleged to have been plotting to assassinate Modi.

Modi's repeated political success in Gujarat, however, made him an indispensable leader within the BJP hierarchy and led to his reintegration into the political mainstream. Under his leadership, the BJP secured a significant victory in the December 2002 legislative assembly elections, winning 127 of the 182 seats in the chamber (including a seat for Modi). Projecting a manifesto for growth and development in Gujarat, the BJP was again victorious in the 2007 state assembly elections, with a seat total of 117, and the party prevailed again in the 2012 polls, garnering 115 seats. Both times Modi won his contests and returned as chief minister.

During his time as head of the Gujarat government, Modi established a formidable reputation as an able administrator, and he was given credit for the rapid growth of the state's economy. In addition, his and the party's electoral performances helped advance Modi's position as not only the most-influential leader within the party but also a potential candidate for prime minister of India. In June 2013 Modi was chosen the leader of the BJP's campaign for the 2014 elections to the Lok Sabha.
Shanthie Mariet D'Souza

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Narendra Modi, the 14th prime minister of India, is a controversial figure who has been praised for his economic reforms and criticized for his Hindu nationalist policies.

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Rahul Gandhi - President of Indian National Congress

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Rahul Gandhi - President of Indian National Congress. Click here to view official website of Rahul Gandhi. Through his life, Rahul Gandhi has always been the strongest proponent of politics of purpose.

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An active sentence like I drank two cups of coffee has the subject first (the person or thing that does the verb), followed by the verb, and finally the object (the person or thing that the action happens to).

So, in this example, the subject is 'I', the verb is 'drank' and the object is 'two cups of coffee'.

But, we don't always need to make sentences this way. We might want to put the object first, or perhaps we don't want to say who did something. This can happen for lots of reasons (see the explanation further down the page). In this case, we can use a passive, which puts the object first:

Two cups of coffee were drunk (we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't necessary).

How to make the Passive in English

We make the passive by putting the verb 'to be' into whatever tense we need and then adding the past participle. For regular verbs, we make the past participle by adding 'ed' to the infinitive. So play becomes played. Click here to learn about irregular verbs.

Practise with these exercises
Verbs with two objects

Some verbs that have two objects can make two different active sentences, and so two different passive sentences too:

Give

Active: He gave me the book / He gave the book to me.

You can choose either of the two objects to be the subject of the passive sentence.

Passive: I was given the book (by him)/ The book was given to me (by him).

Other verbs like this are: ask, offer, teach, tell, lend, promise, sell, throw.

Try an exercise about this here
The passive in subordinate clauses
You can make the passive in a subordinate clause that has a subject and a normal conjugated verb. This is really the same as a normal passive.

Active: I thought that Mary had kissed John.

Passive: I thought that John had been kissed by Mary.

Active: He knew that people had built the church in 1915.

Passive: He knew that the church had been built in 1915.

You can also make the passive using a passive gerund or a passive infinitive in the same place as a normal gerund or infinitive.

The child loves being cuddled.

She would like to be promoted.

Try an exercise about this here
When should we use the Passive?

1: When we want to change the focus of the sentence

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (We are more interested in the painting than the artist in this sentence)
2: When who or what causes the action is unknown or unimportant or obvious or 'people in general'

He was arrested (obvious agent, the police).

My bike has been stolen (unknown agent).

The road is being repaired (unimportant agent).

The form can be obtained from the post office (people in general).

3: In factual or scientific writing
The chemical is placed in a test tube and the data entered into the computer.
4: In formal writing instead of using someone/ people/ they (these can be used in speaking or informal writing)
The brochure will be finished next month.
5: In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence to improve style
Three books are used regularly in the class. The books were written by Dr. Bell. ('Dr. Bell wrote the books' sound clumsy)
6: When the subject is very long
I was surprised by how well the students did in the test. (More natural than: 'how well the students did in the test surprised me')

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Practise making and using the passive in English - lots of clear explanations and free exercises.

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NORAH JONES AND ANOUSHKA SHANKAR - Bolly BUZZ (à partir de 1'45)

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Anoushka Shankar, Norah Jones pay tribute to their father Ravi Shankar

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Birmingham is the original home of the Balti. From award-winning city centre restaurants to authentic family-run establishments in the Balti Triangle, no visit to Birmingham is complete without...

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In a city full of places serving up cracking curry, Birmingham is lucky to have a specific area devoted to one particular style - the beloved balti.

The Balti Triangle, just to the south of the city centre along Ladypool Road, Stoney Lane and Stratford Road, was named for the number of eateries serving up curries using the balti method.

It was first used by Pakistani restaurateurs in the 1970s - curry served in the same wok-style steel dish it is cooked in.

By the nineties there were an astonishing 43 in the Triangle - 26 places in Ladypool Road alone. But fast forward 18 years and there are only a handful balti houses left.

But which ones are the best?

One Brummie who should know is balti expert Andy Munro, author of Going For A Balti, which examines the history of the city's most famous dish.

Andy runs successful tours of the Balti Triangle.

He gave us a tour of his favourite balti houses.

Do you have a favourite place for a proper balti? Let us know in the comments below.

Shabab

Shabab has been open for over 30 years.

In October 2016, the eatery was the setting for the BBC programme "Hairy Bikers Chicken and Egg" in the episode "Si and Dave learn how to cook a Balti."

Shabab owner Zafar Hussain certainly knows how to cook one.

On our visit Zafar cooked up a spicy fragrant chicken balti in under ten minutes. The high flame of cooking ensured all the fat veggie oil was burnt off (see our video above)

Our sensational chicken balti was served up sizzling.

The interior has recently been spruced up and looks pretty modern for a balti house.

However they've kept one old school balti touch - Shabab still have their extensive menus stuck under the glass table tops.

Must try: Chicken and spinach balti is the best-seller.
163-165 Ladypool Road, B12 8LQ
Read More

Birmingham balti and curries

Al Frash

Just over the road from Shabab, is the revered Al Frash house. It's a firm favourite with visiting celebrities and critics alike.

Tom Parker Bowles, Prince Charles' son-in-law and food critic for The Daily Mail reviewed Al Frash in July 2015 and gushed "he had fallen under the restaurant's spell" and remembered every dish with a "love verging on the obsessive."

As well as regular baltis, Al Frash does a selection cooked in organic coconut oil - delicious and good for you!

You get a slight coconut hit but it's still a genuine balti.

Must try: Lamb and aubergine balti cooked in coconut oil.
186 Ladypool Road, B12 8JS The history of the balti:
Adil's

This is quite literally the daddy of the balti.

The balti was the invention of owner Mohammed Arif, who says he came across the idea of serving up baltis after spending time in his native Pakistan where he saw curries being cooked and served in the same dish back in 1977.

His restaurant describes itself as the pioneers of balti cuisine. 41 years later Adil's is still going strong - drawing people from all over the Midlands.

Must try: Chicken and mushroom balti, chicken jafrezi.
148-150 Stoney Lane, B12 8AJ

The Birmingham Balti is a British fusion of Kashmiri Pakistani recipes created in the 1970s by Birmingham's new Mirpuri community.

A balti's defining characteristics include cooking meat off the bone rather than on, using vegetable oil instead of ghee and using dry spices alongside fresh garlic and ginger. The genuine balti is cooked in the "Balti" - a thin pressed steel wok dish for fast cooking over an intense gas flame - and presented in the same dish is is cooked in - to retain the fragrant flavours.

Shahi Nan Kebab House

The Shahi's rustic interior has more in common with Brum's current Indian street food trend than a 1970s balti house but, make no mistake, their baltis rule supreme (alongside the amazing sheesh kebabs of course)

It has an open-style cooking of kebabs and tikkas at the front of the eatery which really does give it that rustic street market vibe.

Service is warm, friendly and welcoming.

Everything passes muster - no surprise the highly experienced chef was head chef for the Pakistani navy.

Must try: Balti chicken jalfrezi and all the kebabs on the street food menu are definitely worth a shout.
353 Stratford Road, B11 4JY And according to balti expert Andy this is the best place for a balti - outside the Balti Triangle... The Kyber Pass
This is an old school restaurant surviving from the dish's halcyon days in the 80s and 90s. My favourite dish is balti meat or chicken with kidney beans - simple but a classic.
104 Alum Rock Road, B4 1HU

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These are the best places to eat in the Balti Triangle

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In a city full of places serving up cracking curry, Birmingham is lucky to have a specific area devoted to one particular style - the beloved balti. The Balti Triangle, just to the south of the city centre along Ladypool Road, Stoney Lane and Stratford Road, was named for the number of eateries serving up curries using the balti method.

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A good curry consistently ranks among some of the nation's favourite food, and London's many Indian restaurants range from those serving great comfort food to intricate, Michelin-star cuisine. The Resident picks out some of London's finest... Lead image: The Curry Room at Rubens Palace Hotel
3 Veeraswamy, Mayfair
After 90 years of serving high-quality Indian cuisine to curry-loving Londoners as the UK's oldest Indian restaurant, Veeraswamy has finally gained a highly coveted Michelin star. This Mayfair establishment has welcomed royalty and elevated curry night to a fine art. According to The Resident's food writer Alexander Larman, the lamb pasanda is 'miles away from the mediocre curry house slop that shames the name', and the Kerala prawn dish packs a fiery kick that does credit to its name.
Victory House, 99 Regent Street, Mayfair W1B 4EZ; veeraswamy.com

4 Chai Thali, Camden & Fulham
New opening Chai Thali has brought Indian street food to a convivial 140-cover space. Tucked away on Mandela Street in Camden. it boasts a riotously flavoursome menu featuring kerb-side eats from across the continent - taking hungry diners on a journey from Old Delhi to Mumbai via the coast of Kerala. Grab a quick bite with a turmeric latte, or go the whole hog and order a feast to share between friends. Unusual offerings include Bombay roadside scrambled egg masala served with a buttered brioche bun and the famous South Indian dish 'uttapam'. To drink, try the Star Chaitini - a riff on the Porn Star Martini with vodka, passion fruit liqueur and Prosecco - or the Chai Spiced Mojito with star anise.
Centro 3, 19 Mandela Street, Camden NW1 0DU & 146 Wandsworth Bridge Road, Fulham SW6 2UH; chaithali.com

6 The Curry Room at The Rubens at The Palace Hotel, Victoria
When a 5-star luxury hotel opens an 'authentic Indian restaurant', ears prick up. The Rubens at The Palace Hotel launched The Curry Room in June 2018, serving a three-course set menu by Chef Arun Kumar that blends Indian and South African flavours. The menu starts with a selection of keema samoosa's and poppadums, followed by a curry like the chicken and prawn curry or Bengal fish curry. For dessert, choose from four options, including vanilla cheesecake and kulfi ice cream. The food is phenomenal.
39 Buckingham Palace Road, Victoria SW1W 0PS; rubenshotel.com

8 Kricket, Brixton & Soho
Kricket started life at Pop Brixton and such was the success of its clever concoctions that it has now opened up two permanent locations, moving from Pop to larger premises on Atlantic Road, and opening a second branch in Soho. There's pumpkin served with makhani sauce, fresh paneer, hazelnut crumble and puffed wild rice and kid goat raan. Drink-wise, you can gulp on Paxton IPA from south London's London Beer Factory or Reliance Pale Ale from the Brixton Brewery.
41-43 Atlantic Road, Brixton SW9 8JL & 12 Denman Street, Soho W1D 7HH; kricket.co.uk

10 Babur, Forest Hill
South east London institution Babur celebrated 30 years in 2015. it's one of the area's favourite special occasion restaurants, and rightly so - its contemporary representations of India's many cuisines have drawn much praise, and the cocktails are fun and seasonal too. Feast on gurkhali ostrich tikka and rabbit soweta in a cool, contemporary brick interior and keep an eye out for special tasting menus.
119 Brockley Rise, Forest Hill SE23 1JP; babur.info

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15 of the Best Indian Restaurants in London

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A good curry consistently ranks among some of the nation's favourite food, and London's many Indian restaurants range from those serving great comfort food to intricate, Michelin-star cuisine. The Resident picks out some of London's finest...

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BALTI BIRMINGHAM

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Most things in the Sun newspaper should normally be taken with a pinch of salt particularly when the source is unattributed. However, it was interesting to see that the Birmingham Balti was rated fifth amongst a top ten of regional dishes ... below Bakewell Tarts but above Lancashire Hotpot!

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Dear Dr Sharma

This is to confirm that that your appointment as External Examiner for Middlesex University that
began on 01 October 2010 will end on 30 September 2018.

As external examiner you played a crucial role as part of our quality assurance mechanisms and
we have welcomed your involvement and input to the assuring of our assessment standards over
the past eight years.

I would like to take this opportunity to formally thank you for your valuable contribution to the
School of Health and Education at Middlesex University during your period of tenure.

We wish you well with your future endeavours.

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Testimonials | Ayurplanet - Ayurveda | London

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Jeffrey Negron aka Jiva Pavana dasa Over 5 years ago after a bout of kidney stones I was diagnosed with a very rare blood disorder called Hairy Cell Leukemia. After much research I decided to avoid chemotherapy and opted for several natural cures. In due course I realised that I needed to place myself under...

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Norah Jones & Anoushka Shankar - Traces of You - In The Studio (Trailer)

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Norah Jones is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress. She is the daughter of Indian sitar player Ravi Shankar and Sue Jones. She is also Anoushka Shankar's half-sister. In 2002, she launched her solo music career with the release of the commercially successful and critically acclaimed album Come Away with Me, a fusion of country music and pop with elements of jazz which was certified diamond album, selling over 26 million copies.

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india elections: rahul gandhi followers explain their problem with modi - cnn

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Swati Gupta, Helen Regan and Manveena Suri, CNN

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The Indians who will never vote for Modi

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Rahul Gandhi and his Congress Party are going head to head with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), who's defending his prime ministership ahead of a landslide win in 2014.

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CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LITERATURE

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Mulk Raj Anand

Born in 1905, Mulk Raj Anand along with other writers of his time including R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao, are considered to be the pioneers of Indian-English fiction. Angered by an India where the caste system was still rigidly prevalent, he based most of his work on the lives of people in the so-called lower castes. His first major work, Untouchable (1935), is based on a single day in the life of a toilet-cleaner who has an encounter with a member of a higher caste. His other major works, including Across the Black Waters (1939), Coolie (1936), and The Big Heart (1945), are all critically acclaimed and central to the history of Indian literature.

You will rarely meet an Indian who hasn't spent a decent share of their childhood reading about and trying to picture life in the fictionali town of Malgudi, a creation of R.K. Narayan that is featured in some of his most famous books, including Swami and Friends (1936) and Malgudi Days (1942). He is among the first Indian novelists writing in English to gather a global readership, dramatically changing the literary scene in the country.

Salman Rushdie

This award-winning writer is most known for his works, the Booker Prize-winning Midnight's Children (1981), and the controversial The Satanic Verses (1988).However, with 12 published novels and several works of non-fiction, this acclaimed writer is an important, defining figure in the South Asian literary world.

Anita Desai

Having been shortlisted for the Booker Prize on three occasions, Anita Desai is a well known and celebrated figure in the Indian literary world. Her most famous works are post-partition novel Clear Light of Day (1980), In Custody (1984) which was adapted into an award winning film in 1993, and The Village by the Sea (1982) for which she won the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.

Agha Shahid Ali

Author of A Walk Through the Yellow Pages (1987), The Half-Inch Himalayas (1987), A Nostalgist's Map of America (1991), The Country Without a Post Office (1997), Agha Shahid Ali is among the premiere English language poets born in 20th century India. The Kashmiri poet who moved to the United States later in his life is credited with having introduced The Ghazal form in American poetry.

Arundhati Roy

The God of Small Things (1997), Arundhati Roy's debut novel, didn't just win the Booker Prize, but also became the biggest selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author. Roy, known for her strong political stances and commentary, is one of the most followed writers in contemporary India today. Her work also includes several collections of essays including War Talk (2003) and Capitalism: A Ghost Story (2014).

Khushwant Singh

This famous Indian writer, journalist, lawyer and politician has penned what is one of the most essential reads in 20th century Indian literature - Train to Pakistan (1956). This historical novel recalls the partition of India in August 1947, with a focus on its human toll unlike few other accounts have managed. Among other well known and critically acclaimed books penned by Singh are I Shall Not Hear the Nightingale (1959), Truth, Love and a Little Malice (2002), Delhi: A Novel (1990) and The Company of Women (1999).

Vikram Seth

This Kolkata-born acclaimed novelist and poet has authored several books including the renowned A Suitable Boy (1993). At 1,349 pages and 591,552 words, this book is one of the longest novels ever published in a single volume in the English language. His collections of poems include The Humble Administrator's Garden (1985), Beastly Tales (1991) and Mappings (1980).

Amitav Ghosh

Among the most well-regarded authors in contemporary Indian literature, Ghosh has published various acclaimed works of fiction and non-fiction. His novels include The Circle of Reason (1986), The Shadow Lines (1988), The Calcutta Chromosome (1995), The Glass Palace (2000), The Hungry Tide (2004), and Sea of Poppies (2008). He returned to non-fiction after about 20 years with his latest, much-anticipated work, The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (2016) .

Aravind Adiga

Adiga's debut novel The White Tiger (2008) won the Man Booker Prize, making him the second-youngest and fourth debut writer to win the prize. The book is among premiere works of fiction commenting on contemporary India, and its positive reception around the world has made it one of the most defining pieces in 21st century Indian literature. His other works include a collection of short stories Between the Assassinations (2008), as well as novels Last Man in Tower (2011) and Selection Day (2016).

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An Introduction To Contemporary Indian Literature In 10 Writers

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Mulk Raj Anand Born in 1905, Mulk Raj Anand along with other writers of his time including R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao, are considered to be the pioneers of Indian-English fiction. Angered by an India where the caste system was still rigidly prevalent, he based most of his work on the lives of people in the so-called lower castes.

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TOP INDIAN WOMEN AUTHORS

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Indians are lauded globally for their writing, whether it is Rabindranath Tagore for 'Gitanjali' or Salman Rushdie for his book 'Midnight's Children'. The success of Indian writers has reached such an extent that women authors are also breaking into the field in a major way and making us proud with their wonderful writings.
Here is the list of some of the top women writers in India who are appreciated globally for their work: 1. Arundhati Roy:
Arundhati Roy is one of the most celebrated authors of India, best known for her novel 'The God of Small Things'. The novel talks about how small things in life can affect people. The novel won the 1997 Booker Prize for fiction and it was one of the bestselling books at that time. Roy was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 2006, for her collection of essays, 'The Algebra of Infinite Justice' but she refused to accept it.

2. Anita Desai:
She is one of the most reputed writers of India and was nominated for the Booker Prize at least three times. She was awarded the prestigious Sahitya Academy Award in 1978 for her novel 'Fire on the Mountain' and the Padma Bhushan in 2014 for her contribution to Indian Literature. Her stories have an exemplary implication that strikes the human heart besides being humorous at the same time. The author has also won the British Guardian Prize for her novel, 'The Village by the Sea'.
3. Jhumpa Lahiri:
Lahiri has gained international acclaim for her writing which mostly deals with NRI characters, immigrant issues and problems people face in foreign lands. Her pen touches the soul with her simple and metaphorical writing focusing on the day to day nuances and the hidden dramas in every person's life. In 2006, Mira Nair directed a film based on her first novel 'The Namesake'. Her book 'The Lowland' was a nominee for the 2013 Man Booker Prize and the National Book Award for Fiction.

4. Kiran Desai:
She is known for her book 'The Inheritance of Loss', which talks about the pain of migration and living between the two separate nations. She touches the readers' heart via her writings especially when it comes to 'Make it In America'.

5. Shashi Deshpande:
Shashi Deshpande is an award winning Indian novelist best known for her book 'That Long Silence'. She won the Sahitya Akademi Award for the novel 'That Long Silence' in 1990 and the Padma Shri award in 2009.

Read: Hinglish vs English: Learn to talk like Britishers Read: 10 Basic email etiquettes you should know

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Top Indian women authors in English Literature

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Indians are lauded globally for their writing, whether it is Rabindranath Tagore for 'Gitanjali' or Salman Rushdie for his book 'Midnight's Children'. The success of Indian writers has reached such an extent that women authors are also breaking into the field in a major way and making us proud with their wonderful writings.

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SALMAN RUSHDIE

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Quichotte, an ageing traveling salesman obsessed with the "unreal real" of TV, falls in impossible love with a queen of the screen and sets off to drive across America on a picaresque quest to prove himself worthy of her hand; ...

Salman Rushdie's newest novel The Golden House is a modern American epic set against the panorama of contemporary politics and culture-a hurtling, page-turning mystery that is equal parts The Great Gatsby and The Bonfire of the Vanities. On the day of ...

Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights, a new novel by Salman Rushdie, is a wonder tale about the way we live now, a rich and multifaceted work that blends history, mythology, and a timeless love story to bring alive a ...

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Quichotte, an ageing traveling salesman obsessed with the "unreal real" of TV, falls in impossible love with a queen of the screen and sets off to drive across America on a picaresque quest to prove himself worthy of her hand; ...

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THE HUNDRED-FOOT JOURNEY

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The Hundred-Foot Journey Official Trailer #1 (2014) - Helen Mirren Movie HD

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THE VICEROY'S HOUSE

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VICEROY'S HOUSE - Official Trailer - Hugh Bonneville, Gillian Anderson. IN CINEMAS NOW

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LION

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Lion Official Trailer 1 (2016) - Dev Patel Movie

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INDIAN HEALTH CARE MODICARE

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1. Passive - Use

We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

Example: Appointments are required in such cases.

2. Passive - Form

How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

object of the active sentence becomes subject in the passive sentence

subject of the active sentence becomes object in the passive sentence (or is left out)

We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence.

3. Examples

3.1. Simple Present

3.2. Simple Past

3.3. Present Perfect

3.4. will-future

3.5. Modals

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How to form passive sentences in English - Explanation and Examples

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Functions of the passive voice The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.

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Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:

Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples:

Active and Passive Overview

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Complete description of active and passive verb forms.

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This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Find out more about page archiving.

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The same sentence showing concession or contrast can be expressed in several different ways.

Study the examples given below.

She is pretty. She is not popular with men.

The two sentences given above express contrasting ideas. We can connect them in several different ways.

Using though and although

Both though and although have the same meaning. They can both be used to connect these two clauses.

Although she is pretty, she is not popular with men.

Though she is pretty, she is not popular with men.

As and though

As and though can be used in a special structure after an adjective or adverb. In this case, they can both mean 'although', and suggest an emphatic contrast.

Pretty though she is, she is not popular with men.

Pretty as she is, she is not popular with men.

Using all the same and at the same time

These are discourse markers used to suggest that the second statement contrasts with the first. Note that a discourse marker does not connect two clauses. They merely show how the ideas are related. In writing, we separate the two clauses with a semicolon. A full stop is also possible.

She is pretty; all the same, she is not popular with men.

She is pretty; at the same time, she is not popular with men.

Using nonetheless, however and nevertheless

These are also discourse markers and cannot connect two clauses.

She is pretty; nonetheless, she is not popular with men.

She is pretty; however, she is not popular with men.

Using in spite of and despite

In spite of and despite are prepositions.

She is not popular with men in spite of being pretty.

She is not popular with men despite being pretty.

Note that after in spite of and despite we use a noun or an -ing form.

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The same sentence showing concession or contrast can be expressed in several different ways. Study the examples given below. She is pretty. She is not popular with men. The two sentences given above express contrasting ideas. We can connect them in several different ways. Both though and although have the same meaning.

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193 countries stretch for first international yoga day

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Compound Words: Open, Closed, or Hyphenated? | Grammarly

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Compound words are when two or more words combine to form a new single word or a phrase that acts like a single word. There are three different types of compound words in grammar: open compound words with spaces between the words ( ice cream), closed compound words with no spaces ( firefighter), and hyphenated compound words ( up-to-date).

While compound words are a part of everyday communication, figuring out whether to use spaces, hyphens, or neither can get confusing. Below, we discuss the rules for compound words in grammar, including the three different types of compound words, and give examples.

What is a compound word?

Compound words are individual words (or phrases that act as individual words) made from two or more words working together. They can be most parts of speech, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and even prepositions like inside, outside, within, and without.

Compound words have their own distinct meanings that are different from the meanings of the words they're made of. For example, the compound word grandparent is made from the individual words grand and parent. While grandparents are similar to parents, they're not the same-and not all grandparents are grand, either!

Instead, the compound word grandparent acts as its own word with its own unique definition, distinct from the definitions of grand and parent. All compound words work like this, even open compound words without spaces. For example, the page in web page is not the same as the page in a book, nor does it involve webs.

Compound words are often confused with blended words, also known as portmanteaus, but the two are very different. In compound words, each individual word remains unchanged. However, in portmanteaus, or blended words, only parts of each word are used. For example, the word internet is a portmanteau; it's a combination of the words interconnected and network. If it were a compound word, it would be something like interconnected-network, with both words remaining whole and uncut.

The 3 types of compound words

There are three types of compound words in grammar, determined by how the words are separated.

Open compound words: spaces between the words

Closed compound words: no spaces between the words

Hyphenated compound words: hyphens between the words

The different categories of compound words pertain only to the words' spellings-they don't affect how the words are used or pronounced. Still, it's important to understand their differences because you need to use the correct spelling when you're writing. Let's look at each group on its own and review a special compound words list for each.

1 Open compound words

Open compound words have spaces in between the words, which can make them hard to identify. But despite how they look, open compound words always act like single words. They always appear together, in the same order, and they each have their own unique meanings.

Open compound words are mostly nouns, and they're used the same as regular nouns. If you want to make an open compound word plural, you usually pluralize only the final word in the group, not all the words.

When open compound words are verbs, they're more commonly known as phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs have their own special rules, but in general only one of the words in the group is conjugated while the others remain untouched.

However, be careful because sometimes open compound words take a hyphen if they are used as a different part of speech. For example, the compound word test drive is open when used as a noun but hyphenated as test-drive when used as a verb.
Test drives are important. I always test-drive a new car before purchasing.
Examples of open compound words

2 Closed compound words

Compared to open compound words, closed compound words are much easier to remember and to use. There are no spaces between the words, so closed compound words both look and act like individual words.

You can find closed compound words in almost all parts of speech. Adverbs like sometimes or anyday are closed compound words, as are the prepositions inside, outside, within, and without. Even the word cannot, a shortened form of the phrase "can not," is a closed compound word.

Examples of closed compound words

airport

anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody

anyone, everyone, someone (but not no one) anything, everything, nothing, something

anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere

babysit

background

barefoot

baseball, basketball, football,etc.

bathroom

bedroom

blackberry, blueberry,etc.

breakfast

cannot

checkout

cowboy

daylight

desktop

fingerprint

firefly

forever

gentleman

grandmother, grandfather, granddaughter, etc.

grapefruit

grasshopper

headquarters

handshake

inside

keyboard

lipstick

mailbox

nevertheless

nonetheless

notebook

outside

payday

railroad

rainbow

raincoat

skateboard

smartphone

snowball

sometimes

sunflower

toothbrush

turntable

undercover

upstream

waterfall

watermelon

weekend

within

without

3 Hyphenated compound words
The merry-go-rounds are my favorite part of any amusement park.
Last are hyphenated compound words, which have hyphens between the words. These can be tricky to spell if you're unsure whether there's a hyphen or a space, so it's best to familiarize yourself with a compound word list to help you learn the individual spellings. Otherwise you can quickly look up the correct spelling with a spell checker.

When hyphenated compound words are nouns, it's important that you pluralize the right part. Unlike with open compound words, you don't always pluralize the final word in the group. For example, with the hyphenated compound word mother-in-law, you pluralize mother instead of law.

However, each hyphenated compound word is different, and sometimes the s comes at the end. For example, the plural of merry-go-round is merry-go-rounds.

As an adjective, a hyphenated compound word acts the same as a hyphen with compound modifiers.

Examples of hyphenated compound words

check-in

clean-cut

editor-in-chief

empty-handed

far-fetched

father-in-law, mother-in-law, sister-in-law,etc.

free-for-all

know-how

know-it-all

life-size

merry-go-round

long-distance

long-term

mind-blowing

nitty-gritty

one-sided

one-dimensional, two-dimensional, etc.

over-the-counter

run-in

runner-up

strong-arm

topsy-turvy

toss-up

up-to-date

well-being

word-of-mouth

Compound word FAQs

What are compound words?

Compound words occur when two or more words combine to form one individual word or a phrase that acts as one individual word. Common examples of compound words include ice cream, firefighter, and up-to-date.

How do compound words work?

In grammar compound words act as individual words. This means that when you're conjugating compound verbs or pluralizing compound nouns, you only make the grammatical changes once. For example, if you want to talk about more than one living room, you say living rooms, not livings rooms.

What are the different types of compound words?

There are three types of compound words: open compound words, which have spaces between the words ( dining room); closed compound words, which have no spaces ( babysit); and hyphenated compound words, which have hyphens ( free-for-all).

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Compound Words: Open, Closed, or Hyphenated?

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Compound words are when two or more words combine to form a new single word or a phrase that acts like a single word. There are three different types of compound words in grammar: open compound words with spaces between the words ( ice cream), closed compound words with no spaces ( firefighter), and hyphenated compound words ( up-to-date).

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Compound Words: Forming Compound Words | Compound Sentences Definitions and Examples | List of Compound Words with Examples

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Two or More words based as a unit is called Compound Words.

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English to French, Italian, German & Spanish Dictionary - WordReference.com

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Free online dictionaries - Spanish, French, Italian, German and more. Conjugations, audio pronunciations and forums for your questions.