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protected in the first amendment

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the 14th amendment's due process clause protects these freedoms from the arbitrary acts of States and their local governments

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The establishment Clause set up,in Thomas Jefferson's words," a wall of separation between church and state ."

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the 1st and 14th amendment set out two guarantees

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"Released time" programs, allow public schools to release students during school hours to attend religious classes. In McCollum v. Board of Education 1948, the court struck down the released time program in Champaign, Illinois because the program used public facilities for religious purposes. In Zorach v. Clauson the court upheld New York city's released time program.

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In the Lynch v. Donnelly, 1984, the Court held that the city of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, could include the Christian nativity scene in its holiday display.

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The Supreme Court ruled that practice, unlike prayers in the public schools, is contitutionally permissible.

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guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he chooses to believe in matters of religion

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The Court held an Oregon compulsory school attendance law unconstitutional.

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The Court, over the years, has approved many regulations of human conduct in the face of free exercise challenges.

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requirements of vaccinated children
state can require religious groups to have a permit to hold a parade on public streets
the federal government can draft those who have religious obligations to the military service

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the Court has also found many actions by governments to be incompatable with free exercise guarantee.

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The court decided seven major cases involving the recitation of prayers and the reading of the bible in public schools. Kentucky law that ordered the posting of the ten commandments in all public school classrooms. Alabama's moment of silence law Wallace v. Jaffree, 1985, which provided for a one-minute period of silence for meditation or voluntary prayer at the beginning of each school day. The offering of prayer as part of a public school graduation ceremony in Rhode Island Lee v. Weisman 1992. A texas school districts policy that permitted student-led prayer.

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a state cannot forbid ministers to hold elected public offices
it cant deny unemployment compensation benefits to a worked who quit his job due to religion preferences

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On closing the Keep Calm-o-Matic.

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The equal access act of 1984 declares that any public high school that recieves federal funds must allow stgudent religious groups to meet in the schoolon the same terms that it sets for other student organizations. The supreme court found that the law does not violate the establishment cause in a case from Nebraska.

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Epperson v. Arkansas 1968 the court struck down a state law forbidding the teaching of the Scientific theory of evolution. The court found a similar law to be unconstitutional in 1987 in Edwards v. Aquillard

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Most recent Establishment Clause cases have centered on this highly controversial question: What forms of State aid to parochial schools are constitutional? Several States give help to private schools including schools run by church organizations. Opponents of aid to parochial schools argue that parents who choose to send their children to parochial schools should accept financial consequences of that choice.