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Succulents are marvels of nature that store extra water in their leaves, stems, or roots. Because they have the reputation for growing in arid conditions, many people fail to realize that when we bring them into our home and garden environments, they do need to be watered regularly. We share what you need to know on how to water succulents and keep them thriving.

How to Water Succulents Indoors

Rather than giving your succulents sips of water here and there, give them a good soaking - to the point the water runs out the drainage holes at the bottom of the pot. Be sure to empty the water that runs into the saucer beneath the plant pot. Then let the soil dry out completely before watering again.

, Hens and Chicks, Jade Plants, , , and Sansevieria are popular choices for indoor plants. Succulents also include cacti, which, generally, may need less water than other succulents.

Succulents like well-drained soil. A good quality potting soil mixed with either a material such as perlite will help ensure good drainage. In addition to quality potting media, make sure your containers have drainage holes, because too much moisture can result in rotten roots.

Succulents require more water in the early spring when the plant is growing. Water needs may lessen in the summer and even more so during the winter. When the light decreases during the winter months and most succulents are in a dormant period, their water requirements also decrease. During winter, water your succulents when the soil is dry. This could be as infrequently as once per month but will depend on your conditions.

The frequency of watering will also depend on the light and growing conditions in your area, as well as the size of the container. The larger the container, the more moisture it can hold. Small, shallow pots may need to be watered more frequently.

How to Water Succulents in Outdoor Containers

Summer is a good time to move potted succulents outdoors. Though they love sun, give them a chance to acclimate to outdoor conditions by placing them in a partially shaded area before moving to a sunnier location. Keep them out of intense sunlight from late morning to mid afternoon. Outdoor plants generally require more water than indoor plants. Again, your conditions will dictate how often succulents will need water. Start by checking on a weekly basis, paying attention to the condition of the potting media and whether it's bone dry or moist.

Succulents, including cacti, which are grown in shallow containers, may need water every few days.

How to Water Succulents in the Ground

Succulents, particularly Sedum s, grow quite well in the ground. They, too, may need to be watered weekly, depending on conditions. Established plants will have a stronger root system and tolerate dry conditions much better than new plants.

Whether you grow hardy or annual succulents, they need to be in well-drained soil. Standing water is a prescription for disaster. As with houseplants, soil conditions and water needs go hand-in-hand.

Good soil, a good soaking, and good drainage equals happy plants.

Source: bhg.com

Links

SUCCULENTOPEDIA: Browse succulents by Genus, Family, Scientific Name, Common Name, Origin, or cacti by Genus

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How to Water Succulents | World of Succulents

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Succulents are marvels of nature that store extra water in their leaves, stems, or roots. Because they have the reputation for growing in arid conditions, many people fail to realize that when we bring them into our home and garden environments, they do need to be watered regularly.

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It'll be fun, they said. It just works, they said. And to be fair, the iPad is a spectacularly intuitive and user-friendly computing device. But even the iPad has its moments of head-scratching bafflement, and we all have to start learning somewhere.

This article explains the basics of iPad ownership. It should be perfect for the beginners and the newcomers, but we think everyone will find something here they didn't know before. If you'd prefer some buying advice, try our iPad buying guide and roundup of the best iPad deals.

How to turn it on

An iPad has very few buttons: there's the Home button on the front, below the screen; the power button, at the top right; volume buttons, on the righthand edge; and possibly (depending on the model) a mute switch, next to the volume buttons.

If the iPad is only in sleep mode, you can wake it up by pressing the Home button or the power button. But if it's been fully powered down (which is likely if it's just been bought or delivered) then you'll need to hold down the power button until an Apple logo appears. Give it a moment, and you'll be up and running.

How to turn it off

You can press the power button to enter sleep mode (which will be disturbed if any notifications come through - new iMessages and so on). To power off completely, hold down the power button for about rive seconds, until you see 'slide to power off' at top of the screen. Swipe your finger across this to power off.

Set up your iPad

If you've got a brand-new iPad (or one you've inherited from someone else) then you'll need to set it up. This includes connecting to a Wi-Fi network, entering or creating an Apple ID, choosing a passcode, setting up Touch ID and selecting various options.

We walk you through this process in a separate article: How to set up a new iPad. We'll be ready for you when you come back.

Passcodes & Touch ID

You will have been encouraged to set a passcode as part of the setup process, and you may have entered your fingerprint for Touch ID, too (although some older iPads don't have fingerprint scanners).

When you wake the iPad from sleep, by default you will have to enter the passcode or appropriate fingerprint to unlock it. (You can turn this off by opening the Settings app, tapping Touch ID & Passcode, entering your passcode, and tapping Turn Passcode Off. But we don't recommend it.)

Under certain circumstances, you will have to enter the passcode - Touch ID won't be accepted. These include when you wake up the iPad from complete power off, after you've updated iOS, and if you've not used the iPad for a long time.

If you get the passcode wrong more than five times iOS will start to add time delays (because it will start to suspect that you are not the real owner). Each time you get it wrong from then on, the longer the delay. If you get the passcode wrong 10 times in a row, you will be locked out of your iPad and will have to wipe it. (We do have some advice on this subject, though: How to bypass a forgotten passcode on iPhone or iPad.)

You can change the passcode, or add new fingerprints, from the Settings app. But you'll have to enter the old passcode to get into the Touch ID & Passcode section.)

How to charge your iPad

iPads have a rechargeable battery. The amount of battery power you've got left will be indicated by a small bar at the top right of the screen.

(You can also choose to have it show a percentage figure next to this bar, by opening the Settings app and going to Battery > Battery Percentage. But don't worry, we'll come back to apps, and Settings in particular, in due course.)

If battery is starting to get low, you'll need to plug the Lightning cable that came with your iPad into the port at the bottom of the device. Plug the other end of the cable into the wall plug that also came with the iPad, and plug that into a power socket. (You can also plug the cable into a Mac or PC's USB port, but charging will be slower that way.)

The iPad will make a little beep to tell you that it's now charging. The battery indicator bar will turn green, and a small lighting bolt icon will appear next to it.

The Home button

At any time you can press the Home button (the one below the screen) to go back to the Home screen. This has a series of icons laid out in a grid. These are your apps: Mail, Calendar, Contacts and so on. Tap one to open it.

The Home page can have multiple screens, if you end up with more apps than can fit on one. Swipe left and right to see more pages of icons.

The Home button has a few other functions. You can press and hold it to activate Siri, iOS's voice-control feature - tell it to "Translate I love you to French" or try one of our funny questions.

You can double-press the Home button to see thumbnails of recently opened apps: swipe across to see more, and tap one to open that app. You'll also some small buttons and sliders on the right, which we call the Control Centre, but we'll come back to that later.

The Settings app

We've mentioned Settings a few times so it's time we talked about it in a little more detail.

Settings is an app, and you'll see its icon on the Home page: it's a grey cog. Tap this to open it, and you'll see the main sections: Sounds, Battery, Display & Brightness and so on. Fortunately most of these are pretty self-explanatory, and there's a search bar above your name at the top (you'll need to swipe down to see it) so you can quickly look for settings relating to specific topics.

There's a lot to see and use here, so we've put together a guide: How to use Settings on iPad & iPhone.

How to install an app

We spoke about the app icons on your Home screen just now, but you'll have noticed that there aren't all that many at the moment. What if I told you that there are more than a million apps you can install on your iPad?

To get access to these apps, you need to open the App Store app - the icon is blue with a white A made of pencils and paintbrushes. In the App Store you can search for apps by name, or use the Today, Games and Apps sections to browse charts and curated collections.

When you find an app you want to install, tap the price (or GET, if it's a free game), then enter your Apple ID or pay with Touch ID. Then it will start downloading to your iPad.

Jailbreaking

Officially the App Store is the only place you can get apps for your iPad, but if you're keen to install apps that haven't been approved by Apple you can jailbreak your iPad. This removes the protections that prevent apps being installed via non-official means, but there are some down sides that are discussed in the linked article.

How to delete an app

If you tap and hold an app icon on the Home screen for a few seconds, you will enter edit mode, where all the icons jiggle around and have X icons next to them. In this mode you can drag the icons around to rearrange them (hold one against the edge of the screen to move it to another page) or tap the X to delete the app.

You can even delete (some of) Apple's own apps these days. We explain the advanced nuances of app deletion in How to delete iPad & iPhone apps.

Control Centre

When you double-press the Home button, or swipe up from the bottom of the screen, you see the Control Centre: that's the set of buttons and sliders on the righthand side. (If the iPad is unlocked you'll also see the four most recently opened apps on the left.)

Control Centre is brilliantly handy for accessing frequently used controls and toggles without having to dig down through layers of the Settings app, or having to go into other apps. You can change the screen brightness or audio volume or turn on Airplane mode, for example.

But you can also customise the controls that appear in Control Centre. Open the Settings app and tap Control Centre in the lefthand bar, then Customise Controls.

The controls currently included are listed at the top; you can change the order by pressing and dragging the triple-line icons on the right, or tap the red minus icons to remove them altogether. The controls below are currently not featured, and can be added by tapping the green plus icon.

How to update iOS

The operating system that runs on your iPad is called iOS. From time to time Apple updates iOS and releases a new version; the major full version releases (iOS 10, iOS 11 and so on) will come with a large number of entirely new features, but the point updates (iOS 11.1, iOS 11.2) are important too because they will have fixes and patches for recently discovered bugs and problems.

Your iPad will generally nag you if there's a new version of iOS and guide you through the installation process: it's far easier to administer a use base that is mostly on the same software, so it's in Apple's interests to get people to update in a timely fashion. But you may have missed one.

To check for iOS updates, open the Settings app and go to General > Software Update. iOS will take a moment and then either tell you you're up to date, or offer to install the latest version. We cover this process in How to update iOS on a iPad or iPhone.

How to wipe an iPad

If you're selling on your iPad, or just want to wipe it and start again (which can occasionally fix persistent problems), open the Settings app and go to General > Reset > Erase All Content and Settings. There will be a number of warnings before the iPad is actually wiped.

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iPad beginner's guide: The complete owner's manual

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It'll be fun, they said. It just works, they said. And to be fair, the iPad is a spectacularly intuitive and user-friendly computing device. But even the iPad has its moments of head-scratching bafflement, and we all have to start learning somewhere. This article explains the basics of iPad ownership.

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Subo este paso a paso de instalar un aire acondicionado porque me parecen interesante el léxico utilizado!

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How to Install a Split System Air Conditioner

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How to Install a Split System Air Conditioner. Most people hire a professional to install a split system air conditioner. However, if you have some experience with plumbing and electrical work, you can install the unit on your own. Each...

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Siempre me interesó el mundo del cine, así que buscando algo que se podría llegar a traducir me encontré este artículo que está lleno de términos que nunca había escuchado, pero que me parecen interesantes.

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Securing film distribution might be the most challenging part of the entire filmmaking process. Here's what it takes to get your project in front of an audience.

The process of film distribution is incredibly interesting and somewhat complex. Fear not - we're going to break it down in very simple steps and terms. The foundation for the following information comes from The Business of Media Distribution by Jeffery C. Ulin.
Please note that the distribution process we'll be covering is the standard "Studio" process.
Step 1: Selling Film Rights
Image via Deadline
The very first step in the distribution process is selling the rights to your film. You should have a deal in place with a producer before rolling on a single camera. With big movie productions, the film rights are secured by a major studio before production even begins. In some cases, even before pre-production.

Intellectual Property (Ulin, pg. 56)

It is vitally important to note that the majority of filmmakers establish their own production company, usually an LLC. This production company holds the copyright to the intellectual property, thus allowing the creator some control over how the property gets made. At this point the filmmaker would sell the rights to a producer, who would give the filmmaker an option fee. There is no standard option fee.

Director Steven Spielberg created his own production company - Amblin Entertainment - in 1981. It was through this company that he handled all intellectual property copyrights for films like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, , , and Back to the Future. He and his company would then work out agreements for the film rights of these properties with one of the " Big Six," who would provide a monetary budget for film production. For reference, here's the Big Six: 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros., Paramount, Columbia, Universal, and Walt Disney Studios.

Percentage and Expiration of Rights (Ulin, pg. 68-69)

When an intellectual property is optioned, the producer gives the copyright owner the option fee, and the film begins moving toward becoming " greenlit." Understand that the option fee is a small number meant to help the producer reduce their losses in the event the project never makes it to production. When the project is eventually greenlit, the option is a "legally binding guarantee to purchase the film rights."

It's important to note that film options have specific time frames attached to them; if a producer can't secure full funding to greenlight the project, then the option will expire and the copyright holder can explore new avenues for production (or renew with the same producer).

Once a project is greenlit and the film rights are secured, it's time go into production and start securing a distributor.
Image via Flix.org.uk
Step 2: Licensing Agreement

The next step in the distribution process is securing a licensing agreement with a distributor who will work toward getting the film into theaters all over the world. Each of the Big Six has its own distribution division. For example, The Walt Disney Company distributes all film content Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, while Sony Pictures distributes through Sony Picture Releasing. Even mini-majors like The Weinstein Company and Lionsgate will develop the distribution for their own films.

Within these distribution subsidiaries are people who secure national distribution and others who secure global distribution. These people are known as the Producer Rep and Sales Agent. Here's what these jobs entail.

Production Representative

A producer rep works with a film booker in the United States and secures leasing agreements to those chains. They are solely responsible for domestic distribution.

Film Sales Agent

The sales agent works on a much larger scale. They work to secure international theatrical distribution, which means they collaborate with different groups in each country and/or region.

Distribution Splits (Ulin, pg. 160)

There are distribution splits where a companies will share the burden of distribution with other companies. For example, Bridge of Spies was distributed in the United States by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures and distributed internationally by 20th Century Fox. Here's what Elliot Grove of Raindance wrote about split rights:

Commonplace are split rights deals, where distributors cherry pick territories and then decide which national rights they want. It could be they are interested only in TV, or DVD for example, leaving the other pieces of the distribution window to the producer to try to max out money-wise.

Image via Flix.org.uk
Once the licensing agreements are in place, the distributors begin negotiating with a film booker.

Step 3. Negotiating With a Film Booker

A booking agent, film buyer, or film booker negotiates the lease terms for films from the Big Six and beyond. These film bookers work on behalf of theater chains like AMC, Regal, and Cinemark. There are also splits between the distributor and exhibitor (theater). The standard split was called the 90/10 split, though that has been replaced with agreements like House Nut, Firm Terms, and Four-Wall Structure. (Ulin, pg. 163-166)
Image via AMC Theaters

For a major Hollywood release, it's common for the studio to take as much as 70, 80 or even 90 percent of the first week's box office sales. In a typical exhibition contract, the studio's percentage goes down every week that the film remains in the theaters. - How Stuff Works

During the celluloid era, distributors would send film prints, like the ones in the image above, to theater chains. However, in today's digital age, distributors usually ship DCP (Digital Cinema Package) copies to theaters across the country and globally. Once these copies are in place and at the theaters, the film with make its theatrical run. While films used to stay in theaters for a year or more, the average release window now lasts roughly two to three months. The reason this time is so short: Ancillary rights.

Step 4. Ancillary Revenue

When a film reaches the end of its theatrical run, the DCP copies are returned to the distributor and the leasing agreement is paid out. This is not the end of the distribution process; now the film moves on to ancillary revenue. This revenue is all part of the agreement between filmmaker and studio/distributor. It's incredibly difficult to retain all of the ancillary rights in today's industry.

While these ancillary rights cover a variety of things, let's focus on the film content side of things.

Psychical Media (Ulin, pg. 223)

When it comes to physical media, there really are only two options available: DVD and Blu-ray. While this part of the home entertainment industry is still a worthy option (earning $6.1 billion dollars in 2015), it's not the juggernaut it once was. However, there is still revenue to be earned. 4K Blu-ray players are emerging more consistently - but so is 4K digital distribution.

Digital Media (Ulin, pg. 230)

With each passing year, digital distribution is positioning itself to surpass disc-based media as the top home-entertainment revenue. Studios and distributors are including digital copies with psychical copies. They're even beginning to release digital versions of films to online retailers like iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play before the disc-based option is released.

Streaming & Television Rights (Ulin, pg. 234)

This brings us streaming and television rights. Streaming is big business in today's industry. In fact, Fortune stated in June of 2015 that streaming was closing in on DVD sales for the first time ever, thanks to the success of streaming giants like Netflix, Amazon, and Hulu. But don't forget about television. Broadcast rights are something to be taken seriously, as documentary filmmaker Scott Thurman told us last year.

Hopefully this gives you some insight into how film distribution works and where the industry stands in terms of distribution to theaters and home entertainment. Again, this breakdown is meant to expose how film distribution works within the studio structure. Distribution for independent film is a completely different process.

Got any opinions on how the big studios handle film distribution? Let us know in the comments below.

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The Ins and Outs of Hollywood Film Distribution

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The process of film distribution is incredibly interesting and somewhat complex. Fear not - we're going to break it down in very simple steps and terms. The foundation for the following information comes from The Business of Media Distribution by Jeffery C. Ulin. Please note that the distribution process we'll be covering is the standard "Studio" process.

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Is working in a confined space hazardous? What is a confined space? What are the hazards in a confined space?