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Gender Issues Due to Stereotypes

Card, J.J. & Farrell, W.S. Nontraditional Careers for Women: A Prototypical Example, Sex Roles (1983) 9: 1005. https://doi-org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1007/BF00289418

Farmer, H. S., PhD. (2009). The continuing lack of parity for women in science, technology, engineering, and math occupations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33(2), 250-251. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01494_1.x

Hartman, H., & Hartman, M. (2008). How undergraduate engineering students perceive women's (and men's) problems in science, math and engineering. Sex Roles, 58(3-4), 251-265. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1007/s11199-007-9327-9

Hodges, E. A., Rowsey, P. J., Gray, T. F., Kneipp, S. M., Giscombe, C. W., Foster, B. B., . . . Kowlowitz, V. (2017). Bridging the gender divide: Facilitating the educational path for men in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 56(5), 295-299. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.3928/01484834-20170421-08

Wentling, R. M., & Thomas, S. (2009). WORKPLACE CULTURE THAT HINDERS AND ASSISTS THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 25(1), 25-42. Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/219817356?accountid=10559

Eliminating Obstacles for Nontraditional Careers
Blackhurst, A. (2000). Effects of mentoring on the employment experiences and career satisfaction of women student affairs administrators. NASPA Journal, 37(4), 573. Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/223508314?accountid=10559

Howarth, A. (2017, Jun 18). New mentoring scheme to encourage girls into tech: Volunteers are being sought to help close the digital careers gender gap that persists in Scotland. Scotland on Sunday Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/1910626327?accountid=10559

Salami, S. O. (2007). Influence of culture, family and individual differences on choice of gender-dominated occupations among female students in tertiary institutions. Women in Management Review, 22(8), 650-665. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1108/09649420710836326

Smith, T. T., & Johnson, N. N. (2019). Creating Support Systems for Black Women in Nontraditional STEM Career Paths. In U. Thomas, & J. Drake (Eds.), Women's Influence on Inclusion, Equity, and Diversity in STEM Fields (pp. 108-142). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8870-2.ch005

Wright, K. (2006, Mar 11). Women excel in non-traditional jobs; how to get started:; with a shortage of skilled tradespeople, women find career fulfillment in jobs once held almost exclusively by men. The Times - Transcript Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/422890802?accountid=10559

Studies of the Effects of Nontraditional Careers

Cross, S., & Bagilhole, B. (2002). Girls' jobs for the boys? men, masculinity and non-traditional occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, 9(2), 204-226. Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/60435084?accountid=10559

Global gender gap report: Persisting gender gap divides. (2014, Oct 30). Governance Now, Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/2151797053?accountid=10559

Hearn, P. H. (2000). Young women and success: The most persistent barrier. Frontiers, 21(3), 25-37. Retrieved from http://ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/docview/232309919?accountid=10559

Sobiraj, S., Korek, S., Weseler, D., & Mohr, G. (2011). When male norms don't fit: Do traditional attitudes of female colleagues challenge men in non-traditional occupations? Sex Roles, 65(11-12), 798-812. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1007/s11199-011-0057-7

Tophoven, S., du Prel, J., Peter, R., & Kretschmer, V. (2015). Working in gender-dominated occupations and depressive symptoms: Findings from the two age cohorts of the lidA study. Journal of Labour Market Research, 48(3), 247-262. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1007/s12651-014-0165-2

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Nontraditional Career - A career being pursued by a gender not originally associated with that career.

Male-dominated Career - A career where most employees are male. Careers such as, trades or Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

Female-dominated Career - A career where most employees are female. Careers such as, nursing or early childhood education.

Bias - An unfair judgement against another person.

Stereotypes - A belief or view about a group of people.

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The significance of the research is to help men and women that want to pursue careers that they are passionate about the ability to ability to do so without dealing with obstacles and bias. The hope is to understand how to change stereotypes and make nontraditional careers a thing of the past and normalize all careers for all people no matter their gender. This can be done by learning how to promote nontraditional careers so that they become normalized.

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The amount of literature on this topic is vast with many studies on nontraditional careers. Two gaps were noticed.
Gap 1: The research focuses mainly on women in nontraditional careers. The research would benefit from more information on males in nontraditional careers.
Gap 2: The literature lightly touches on what is being done to promote nontraditional careers. The literature would benefit from looking into how schools and businesses can help young students who would like to choose a nontraditional career path.

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Men and women who choose nontraditional careers deal with many challenges and obstacles that others in their field do not have to deal with just because of their gender. Nontraditional careers are made up on males in female-dominated careers such as nursing or early childhood education and females in male-dominated careers such as trades or Science, Engineering, Technology, or Mathematics (STEM) careers. The obstacles and bias that men and women in nontraditional careers deal with can range from having their sexual orientation questioned, their masculine and feminine identity questioned, and feeling unaccepted, with women have a few more issues to deal with such as sexual harassment and lack of confidence. Dealing with these obstacles and bias can take a toll on the person pursing the nontraditional career causing them to give up a career that they are passionate about.
The research on this topic will be looking into the effects of nontraditional careers on both men and women, what is currently being done to promote nontraditional careers and eliminate bias, and to understand why there are still gender roles associated with careers.

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Children are told they can be anything they want to be when they grow up, from engineers to nurses to presidents. The problem is that many of those children have to deal with unnecessary bias and obstacles because their career choice is considered nontraditional. Men and women that are choosing a career outside of the gender norm are experiencing many difficulties from sexual harassment to just feeling that they do not belong. This is due to the stereotypes and genders placed on careers. If you are a woman working as a mechanic or a man working as a nurse you automatically have your sexual orientation questioned or are seen as lesser because of your gender. This is causing many excellent candidates to walk away from careers or not work to their full potential in careers that they could be highly successful in.

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The purpose of the research is to get a greater insight into why there are still gender roles associated with careers and what can be done to eliminate the obstacles and bias of pursuing nontraditional careers.

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Why are there still gender roles associated with careers?

What roles do mentors play in removing gender roles from careers?

How can bias be removed from nontraditional career choices?

What can educators do to help eliminate gender bias?

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Popplet is the best app for sharing visual ideas.

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7th-8th Grade Technology Education Teacher

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7th-8th Grade Technology Education Teacher

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Ashley McCreery
July 12, 2019
EDUC 815 Dr. Lachimia
Drexel University
anm98@drexel.edu