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A mental condition in which people have a inflated sense of their self importance, a deep need of attention and admiration. They also lack empathy for others. Behind all this they have a very low self esteem and are very vulnerable to any slight criticism.

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M - They have a strong need for attention and admiration
U - Expect to be recognized as superior even without achievements that warrant it
D - Rage when they receive criticism
A - Inability or unwillingness to recognize the needs and feelings of others

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Have an exaggerated sense of self-importance

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Have an exaggerated sense of self-importance

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They have a sense of entitlement and need constant praise. They belittle people they perceive as lower then them and will even take advantage of others to get what they want. They expect special favors without question.

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https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20366662

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Narcissistic personality disorder - Symptoms and causes

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This mental disorder includes an unreasonably high sense of importance, a need for excessive admiration, fragile self-esteem, and troubled relationships.

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Most likely cause is complex. It may be linked to environment excessive adoration or excessive criticism when growing up. It can be genetics or neurobiology which is the connection between the brain and behavior and thinking.

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Get treatment as soon as possible for childhood mental health problems

Participate in family therapy to learn healthy ways to communicate or to cope with conflicts or emotional distress

Attend parenting classes and seek guidance from therapists or social workers if needed

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It would be difficult and have many arguments and fights in the relationship with them wanting a lot of validation and praise. They could get super anxious with not being able to please you or being the best partner for you.

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https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

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What is borderline personality disorder?

Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that severely impacts a person's ability to manage their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others. Effective treatments are available that can help people manage the symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

What are the signs and symptoms of borderline personality disorder?

What are the risk factors for borderline personality disorder?

How is borderline personality disorder diagnosed?

How is borderline personality disorder treated?

How can I find help for borderline personality disorder?

How can I find a clinical trial for borderline personality disorder?

Where can I learn more about borderline personality disorder?

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Learn about borderline personality disorder, including signs and symptoms, risk factors, treatments and therapies, and tips for family and caregivers.

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- 67% of adults have some type of personality disorder
- 39% of those adults get treatment
- People who have a close family member, such as a parent or sibling with the disorder may be at higher risk of developing a personality disorder.
- Studies show that people with a personality disorder can have structural and functional changes in the brain especially in the areas that control impulses and emotional regulation.
- Many people with a personality disorder report experiencing traumatic life events, such as abuse, abandonment, or adversity during childhood.
- in 2001-2003, 9.1% of adults have personality disorder

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https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/research-and-discoveries-articles/study-shows-narcissistic-personality-disorder-may-have-a-biological-component

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A study led by University of Chicago Medicine psychiatrist and personality disorder specialist Royce Lee, MD, finds that Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is marked by increased oxidative stress in the blood and is also connected to interpersonal hypersensitivity.

NPD is an often misunderstood mental condition where a person acts arrogantly, lacks empathy, needs constant attention and admiration, and has an inflated sense of self.

There are no FDA-approved treatments for NPD or any other personality disorders. Psychiatrists use psychotherapy, but the often-stigmatized personality disorder is a challenging condition to treat in part because so little is known about its biology. This study is a rare attempt to look at NPD's biological mechanisms.

Oxidative stress is a molecular imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals, or reactive oxygen molecules in the body. The imbalance creates stress on the body because it must metabolize excessive oxidative chemicals that go to the brain and throughout the body.

The study, "Narcissistic and Borderline Personality Disorder: Relationship with Oxidative Stress," published in March in the Journal of Personality Disorders, found that elevated concentrations of the molecule called 8-OH-DG, an oxidative stress biomarker, were similar in people with NPD and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

The finding was interesting, given how differently the disorders present themselves outwardly. For example, people with NPD have extremely high self-esteem, and people with BPD exhibit very low self-esteem. Yet it appears they're biologically related.

"There's a tendency to assume they're almost the opposite biologically, but I don't think that's true now," Lee said. "This rise in oxidative stress levels may not be seen in all personality disorders. It was only seen in these two disorders in this study. That was a little surprising."

Lee said it raises the question of which came first: the personality disorder, or the excessive oxidative stress?

Additionally, the study found that NPD represents a disorder of hypersensitivity. When dealing with interpersonal stress, someone with NPD might appear aloof on the outside. But on the inside, the study results suggest it's actually hypersensitivity to the environment. That means there could be a possible relationship between oxidative stress and how people act on their emotions.

"We found that the levels of oxidative stress were related to impaired recognition or expression of shame. That's interesting, because we know from previous research that people high in narcissism have problems with the emotion of shame. What we're trying to figure out is the relationship between hypersensitivity and shame, and why that leads people to avoid empathy. This paper doesn't quite get us there. That's the next question," Lee said.

Besides biological and behavioral factors, Lee also questioned if our modern-day culture can impact narcissism and increase metabolic stress on the body. The current social media and internet culture can impact how people interact and feel about themselves.

"Those factors can affect how much metabolic stress the body has to deal with," Lee said.

While not many biology-based studies have been done on NPD, there have been some encouraging biological studies of BPD in recent years, opening the door for more brain-based NPD studies, Lee said.

"BPD went from an untreatable, so-called character disorder to a medical condition we now think of as highly treatable. NPD remains in this category of mysterious, stigmatized, misunderstood conditions. Clinicians aren't sure what to do with it. In the science community, there's been this renewed interest in trying to rehabilitate NPD. That's what's behind this paper," Lee said.

The study "Narcissistic and Borderline Personality Disorder: Relationship with Oxidative Stress," was co-authored by David Gozal, MD, MBA, from the University of Missouri School of Medicine's Department of Child Health, , from the University of Chicago Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, and Jennifer Fanning from Harvard University, PhD, Harvard Medical Hospital's Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress.

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Study shows Narcissistic Personality Disorder may have a biological component

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A study led by University of Chicago Medicine psychiatrist and personality disorder specialist Royce Lee, MD, finds that Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is marked by increased oxidative stress in the blood and is also connected to interpersonal hypersensitivity.

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Psychiatrist and personality disorder specialist Royce Lee, found that Narcissistic Personality Disorder has increased oxidative stress in the blood and is also connected to interpersonal hypersensitivity. There are no FDA-approved treatments for NPD. Psychiatrists use psychotherapy, but the personality disorder is a challenging condition to treat in part because so little is known about its biology.