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A Summary and examples of Pavlov and conditioning in our everyday life(Ryan Henry)

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Pavlov's unique influence on our everyday life (Ryan Henry)

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Pavlov's unique influence on our everyday life (Ryan Henry)

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Rehman I, Mahabadi N, Sanvictores T, et al. Classical Conditioning. [Updated 2021 Aug 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470326/

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A Summary and examples of Pavlov and conditioning in our everyday life(Ryan Henry)

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Stangor, Charles, and Jennifer Walinga. Introduction to Psychology – 1st Canadian Edition. 1st ed., BCcampus, 2014. 

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Classical conditioning refers to the learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a behavior.

The unconditioned stimulus is something that triggers a natural response.

The unconditioned response is the natural response that follows the unconditioned stimulus

The conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that, after being presented repeatedly before the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a response similar to that of the unconditioned stimulus.

The conditioned response is the acquired response to the previously neutral stimulus.

Extinction refers to the reduction in response that occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Generalization refers to the tendency to respond to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus.

Discrimination is the tendency to respond differently to stimuli that are similar but not identical.

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Adams, Matthew. “The Kingdom of Dogs: Understanding Pavlov’s Experiments as Human–Animal Relationships.” Theory & Psychology, vol. 30, no. 1, SAGE Publications Ltd, Feb. 2020, pp. 121–41. SAGE Journals, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354319895597.

Black, Stephen L. Pavlov’s Dogs: For Whom the Bell Rarely Tolled. p. 1.

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Pavlov and his dogs: A Human-Animal Relationship/Study (Jacqueline E.)

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Pavlov and his dogs: A Human-Animal Relationship/Study (Jacqueline E.)

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References:
1-S2.0-S0960982203000666-Fx1_lrg.Jpg (3188×2046). https://ars-els-cdn-com.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/content/image/1-s2.0-S0960982203000666-fx1_lrg.jpg.

Adams, Matthew. “The Kingdom of Dogs: Understanding Pavlov’s Experiments as Human–Animal Relationships.” Theory & Psychology, vol. 30, no. 1, SAGE Publications Ltd, Feb. 2020, pp. 121–41. SAGE Journals, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354319895597.

Black, Stephen L. Pavlov’s Dogs: For Whom the Bell Rarely Tolled. p. 1.

Magazine, Smithsonian, and Rose Eveleth. “What Kind of Dog Was Pavlov’s Dog?” Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-kind-of-dog-was-pavlovs-dog-22159544/.

Nast, Condé. “Drool.” The New Yorker, 17 Nov. 2014, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/11/24/drool.

One_of_Pavlovs_dogs.Jpg (575×384). http://public.media.smithsonianmag.com/legacy_blog/One_of_Pavlovs_dogs.jpg.

Todes, Daniel P. Ivan Pavlov: A Russian Life in Science. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/huntercollege-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1791128.

Tully, Tim. “Pavlov’s Dogs.” Current Biology, vol. 13, no. 4, Feb. 2003, pp. R117–19. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00066-6.

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Implications of Pavlov's Findings (Jessica Wade)

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Implications of Pavlov's Findings (Jessica Wade)

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• Substance related disorders: Classical conditioning is present with substance abusers in which they crave drugs in drug-related environments or foods, or place where in the past they use drugs. By understanding what triggers these cravings, therapists can advise these patients to not go to certain locations or eat certain things.

• Phobias: Counter-conditioning, specifically exposure therpay and aversive therapy has proven to be effective in helping patients overcome their phobias. By associating their trigger stimulus with something that does not scare them, over time their reaction to their phobia decreases until it is no longer present.

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The idea of classical conditioned has been used to explain PTSD and how it manifests in an individual. When a person is exposed to a traumatizing event, anything present during that occurrence, becomes conditioned stimuli that triggers their fear and anxiety. An common example of this is the PTSD military personnel develop in which certain sounds or even the sight of a military uniform could trigger panic and/or fear.

References: Rehman, Ibraheem, et al. “Classical Conditioning.” Ncbi, 27 Aug. 2021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470326/.

Hassija, Christina M, and Matt J Gray. “Behavioral Interventions for Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.” American Psychological Association, International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2007, https://doi.apa.org/fulltext/2008-06147-001.html.

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Pavlov's experiment was an accident; he was intially studying the digestion of dogs when he took note that the behavior of the dogs in response to the food changed. Pavlov primarily used animals to study physiological phenomenon and this created an opportunity to test something he had never seen before. His theory of the dogs salivating to sounds present when they received proved to be correct after he conducted his experiment. So, in essence, classical conditioning was discovered by accident.

Reference: Rehman, Ibraheem, et al. “Classical Conditioning.” Ncbi, 27 Aug. 2021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470326/.

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Pavlov's theory omitted phenomena such as thought, discernment, or expectation and focused on the objectivity of the study of reflex behaviors.

The theory ignores innate and inherited factors

The theory is highly relevant for animal conditioning

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Kompa, Joana S. Strengths and Limitations of Behaviorism for Human Learning, 5 Feb. 2015, joanakompa.com/2015/05/02/strengths-and-limitations-of-behaviorism-for

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Pavlov's theory marked the steps of scientific psychology in the 20th century.

He shed light on the mechanisms of learning and habit formation.

His work stimulated numerous investigations about the problem of motivation.

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Thanks to his discovery of classical conditioning, Pavlov helped establish the school of thought known as behaviorism, classical conditioning is a basic form of learning that applies to all species. Pavlov initiated the basic components of the theory of behaviorism in learning, which helped many theorists like Skinner and Watson who used Pavlov's conditioned reflexes to shape their own theories about behaviorism in education.

Pavlov found that the conditioned response was subject to change according to multiple types of influences. He also discovered the fact that conditioned responses can be forgotten if the response is not reinforced. You learned that another answer could replace the previous answer if it is not reinforced.

Anonymous. (1998). “Ivan Petrovich Pavlov”: Encyclopedia of world Biography. Detroit: Gale group.

Johnson, G. (2008).Ivan Pavlov: Measuring the Immeasurable. (pp126-136), New York: Random House, Inc

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In 1904 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was awarded a nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine  for his work “in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged."

<https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1904/summary/>

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What is Classical Conditioning? (Jessica Wade)

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What is Classical Conditioning? (Jessica Wade)

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• Classical Conditioning: learning in which an unconditioned stimuli that elicits an involuntary, unconditioned response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus.

• In his experiment, his unconditioned stimulus & response were dog food and salvation, respectfully.

• He chose the sound of a bell as his neutral stimulus; he repeatedly paired the sound of the bell with the food so that over time the dogs salivated whenever they heard a bell.

•  Through conditioning, these dogs salivated whenever they heard the sound of a bell even though no food was present.

• The basis of the conditioning used on these dogs was found to be clinically significant and useful to treat psychological disorders.

• Classical conditioning has been found to influence not only the human mind but physiological factors such as the immune system.

Reference: Rehman, Ibraheem, et al. “Classical Conditioning.” Ncbi, 27 Aug. 2021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470326/.

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Ivan Pavlov & His Classical Conditioned Dogs

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Ivan Pavlov & His Classical Conditioned Dogs