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1. Describe the problem you researched in at least 80 words. Give data and statistics and add relevant links.

2. What are solutions for this problem? Are there any false paths? Explain them in at least 80 words.

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The tomato products we consume are made of tomatoes that were not only grown in Germany. In fact 40% of the world's tomato paste originates in China. Not only are the local working conditions problematic, the quality doesn't match the European standards. Pesticides are frequently used and after all the produce has to be shipped around the globe in the end.

Solution 1: buying fresh tomatoes

If the fresh tomatoes come from Southern European countries, quite often slave workers will have harvested them. Additionally the large farms produce the fruit all year round in enormous greenhouses. The Spanish "Mar del Plastico" covers an area of 310km2. With their high demand for water these farms destroy the landscapes they are in irreversibly. This is extremely visible in Morocco where even desert reservoirs have nearly been emptied.

Solution 2: respecting the season of the regional fruits

If we buy the tomatoes at our local farmers' market when they are actually ripe in Germany, we can get them for a reasonable price. Then we can not only consume them fresh, but make preserves, like tomato sauce and save these for the winter period.

Links:

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/sep/20/we-pick-your-food-migrant-workers-speak-out-from-spains-plastic-sea

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/689347/EPRS_BRI(2021)689347_EN.pdf

https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/07/250936/morocco-worlds-largest-tomato-exporter

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It often seems like apple’s are very healthy and good for the environment but is that true?

If you eat apple’s between autumn and winter you can say Yes because very much apple’s get farmed in Germany. Germans eat round about 22 kg apple’s per year! The apple is the most popular fruit followed from bananas with round about 12 kg per year. Between autumn and winter is apple season. Germany has 34 thousand hectars of apple farming ground and is the state with the biggest apple growing ground in the European Union.

But to eat apples could not be a good thing if you eat apples in Spring and Summer. In Spring, the apple’s in the supermarket got stored over winter. The storing of apple’s costs much energy. In Summer it it’s better to buy apple’s from New Zealand or other states were apple’s grow in this season. That’s because the storing over Winter and Spring costs more energy as to transport apple’s around the world.

Solutions

Our problem is that it’s not good for the environment to eat apples out of the apple season. so the first solution to the problem is to eat apples just in the apple season. That way you will get regional apples and apples with good climate conditions. This is a hard strategy but an effective one. But if you don’t want to eat apples whole Autumn and Winter long to get your 22kg of apples a year try alternative easy storing apple products like apple puree or dried apples.

Sources:

https://www.dole.com/en/produce/fruits/apples

https://www.applesfromny.com/varieties/

https://www.poma-online.de/Lagern-mit-weniger-Energie,QUlEPTYyMDE4MTMmTUlEPTczNjk4.html

https://www.br.de/radio/bayern1/inhalt/experten-tipps/umweltkommissar/umwelt-apfel-regional-neuseeland-100.html

https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/247425/umfrage/die-beliebtesten-obstsorten-der-deutschen/

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tangled seal trying to free itself from the plastic fishing nets

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Every year about 14 million tons of plastic waste land in the oceans every year. Most of it gets transported to the oceans through rivers. The Nile, Amazon and Yangtze are the rivers polluting the oceans the most.

Through currents the garbage gets transported to calm and stable centres of the sea, where it accumulates in giant garbage patches. In total, there are five big patches of garbage with the biggest one swimming halfway between Hawaii and California. It is about 4.5 times the size of Germany!

The plastic sometimes takes up to 500 years to biodegrade, in which it harms the environment and destroys the marine life and biodiversity. For example seals or birds get tangled in old plastic fishing nets and drown or starve to death. Plastic bags look incredibly similar to jellyfishes: the main food sources of some turtle species. Some plastics also contain toxins which get through fishes to our plates, therefore harming not just animals but also us!

Solutions:

There are more things that contain plastic than you might think. The danger most people forget or don’t know about is called microplastic. These days it is in lots of every day items like shampoo, chewing gum or drinking cans. We can avoid single-use plastics like drinking straws to reduce the plastic waste. Even though most plastic straws were banned, it didn’t really help, as most companies still use too much plastic. But if you go shopping you can use a cloth bag instead of plastic bags. Dispose chewing gums the right way is also a solution by recycling it or buying other organic and natural chewing gums. You can replace plastic Tupperware for glass and steel containers. Also avoiding cosmetics that contain microplastics is very important to safe the world, so you can buy plastic-free alternatives. Try to reuse and give some of the packaging a new purpose for example a bottle can be filled up as many times as you like.

interesting websites with more information:
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44215882

https://www.statista.com/chart/15905/the-estimated-number-of-years-for-selected-items-to-bio-degrade/

https://theoceancleanup.com/

https://moralfibres.co.uk/11-surprising-items-that-contain-plastic/

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Is capitalism destroying the environment?

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Is capitalism destroying the environment?

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The problem of palm oil is, that humans destroy the rainforest to create more space for plantations. The next problem is, that we need palm oil because it is part of so many products, that we can’t live without it. Every second product in the supermarket contains palm oil. There is also palm oil in fuel and many other things we really need. Palm oil has south a high yield, that we can’t compensate it with rap seed oil. The yield of palm oil is five times higher than the one from rap seed oil and we definitely not have enough place for this

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The environmental problems with the Lithium-Ion batteries

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The environmental problems with the Lithium-Ion batteries

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The industry of electric cars is gaining more and more attention every year. Most people tend to think that replacing the gasoline powered motors with the battery powered cars are more sustainable. But is it really the case? The batteries that are in electric cars or our cellphones are Lithium-Ion batteries. They are containing the light metal lithium. One place where most lithium hosts is in South America. This is because there are large salt lakes which are containing a small amount of lithium. One liter of these lakes contains about one gram of lithium. Enough to produce

a battery for a cellphone. You need about 15000 liters of water to produce an electric cars. 60000 electric cars are produced every year in Germany. This means that you would need 800 million liters of water to produce all these cars very year. But there is water used to clean the salty water. 7 million liters of water are used every day to do this. There are other ways to extract lithium, for example by mining. The machines that are used to do it have enormous emissions. And people in Cong are mining Cobalt, a metal that is also in the Lithium-Ion batteries. The are working in terrible conditions. It is nearly comparable to slavery. So these batteries have a lot of problems. They are not only not sustainable, but people suffer to produce them for us. But what can YOU do about it…?

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The various seals, that you can pay attention on

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more than the half of the Sneaker comes from China. The workers work in bad conditions. Its not only the bad conditions for the workers and the non-existent protective clothing, but also the climate damage through the massive fossil fuels consumption on the transport. Another thing is the destruction of the sneakers. A bad example for the destruction of their sneakers is Nike. It is known, that Nike destroys systematically their Sneakers, although they can be still used.

Solution 1:

One thing to ensure better working conditions and organically produced products is to pay attention to the various seals that are awarded to the products

Solution 2:

Another thing you can do to do less harm to the climate is to think twice about whether you really need it before you order something online so that you don't have to send so much back later

Solution 3:

The Third thing is, that the government could tighten the laws and make the penalties much higher. But for this to work, all countries have to work together and stand up against the big companies, like Nike.

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It‘s a fact, that the use of the worldwide internet, is a huge climate factor. Big serverfarms, that evaluate or execute data from clients, need a lot electricity from Co2 emitting power plants to be operated. The servers also have to be permanently cooled by air conditioning. If you watch netflix for 1 hour every day for a year, you use as much co2 as a car tour to china, for example.

Solution 1: Use the internet sensible!

Perhaps you should think more often about whether the google search is really necessary, or whether you might want to read a book instead of netflix. Otherwise you can also use the internet positively to save co2 by doing things that would normally use more co2.

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It’s not a secret anymore that the planet is slowly dying: temperatures are rising, the oceans are over-acidifying, rainforests are being cleared for palm oil and soy plantations, millions of animal and insect species are dying out. Is our economic system to blame?
There are three big problems, among others:
1.  capitalisms plunder:

Since the inception of industrial capitalism in England, it has been a juggernaut of waste driving plunder and reckless productions of needless commodities.

Because of this production it has also pumped billions of tons of greenhouse gases into the air. This is why we start to see the rise of greenhouse gases coincide with the rise of capitalist economies.
2. Capitalism confuses the price something can be sold for with the general value it actually has.
--> things that have no (selling) price are worthless for capitalistic companies/ economies
--> nature only appears in the accounts of a market economy when it becomes a commodity (like forests)
3.  In 1960, there were three billion people living on our planet. Today there are almost eight billion.
The problem about this fact is that we all want jobs, a roof over our heads and a smartphone. Furthermore we ware living longer and are richer than ever before. That also means we buy more and produce more.

Let's summarize: No, capitalism and its markets are not environmentalists.

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What is Fast Fashion? Fast Fashion means producing cheap clothing rapidly by mass-market retailers in response to the latest trends.
The fashion industry is a big consumer of water. 27 million tons of cotton are produced globally in a year. The Problem is, cotton is usually cultivated in warm and dry areas  and needs A LOT of water to grow. An example: Up to 20,000 litters of water are needed to produce just 1kg of cotton. So, It takes more than 10 tons of water to produce cotton for a single pair of jeans. Overall 1.5 trillion liters of water are used by the fashion industry each year. But that's not the only problem about Fast Fashion. There are several negative sides about this topic. For example the cotton farming, the amount of chemicals that are used for the production, the extreme waste of used and unwanted clothing and the low standard procedures. Overall there are many more problems, but that would more than 800 words.

Solution 1: Buy clothes from sustainable brands!
Today the offer is still limited and and it is not that easy to find shops and brands that produce sustainable and fair clothing. But I think the more we demand sustainable clothing, the more will be available. Price wise, you will pay more for sustainable clothing than in a fast fashion shop, but now you know what lies behind those very low prices.

Solution 2: Buy secondhand/rent clothing!
You can find second-hand shops in all cities around the world. Many websites and apps also offer all kinds of second-hand options. mostly sorted by all different brands and price classes. Renting clothes is a great option, especially for clothes that you will not wear often or for a long time, for example party dresses, outfits for a special day or baby clothes.

Solution 3: wash clothes correctly!

Washing our clothes has a very big impact on our environment. The average household does almost 400 loads of laundry every year, consuming about 60,000 liters of water. So you can try to wear your clothes more than once. Because some clothes don’t need to be washed after each use. You can also use green detergent, because conventional detergents can contain chemicals that are harmful to you, your clothes or animals in the oceans.

Links that will propose you more solutions:

https://www.minimalismmadesimple.com/home/fast-fashion-brands/
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj2yduk7LX0AhVBzBoKHQtoBecQFnoECAcQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgrowensemble.com%2Ffast-fashion-solutions%2F&usg=AOvVaw2c7RSWGBQ8b11MUeMZBwdd
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/02/7-ways-to-break-the-fast-fashion-habit-and-save-the-planet/

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https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00275-8

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It's no secret that the Internet consumes electricity. If the network was a country, it would be the world's third-largest electricity consumer - after the USA and China. So

why does it all consume so much electricity?

The Internet is a network of computers, and they run on electricity. Data is exchanged with the Internet, for example when I write an e-mail or send a picture. This data is not only transmitted, but also stored, e.g. mails are stored on servers, so that you can always access them from everywhere, or if a picture is in the cloud. For these things you need servers. On them are huge amounts of permanent or temporary data stored. This obviously needs electricity, a lot of electricity.

The problem is getting worse because the electricity consumption keeps on climbing every year.

Solutions:

We don't all have to communicate per mail or WhatsApp. Often it is faster and more economical to pick up the phone once and clarify things quickly instead of sending 10 mails back and forth. Also you can write more information in one mail than to distribute it over several mails, so you can save power.

Attachments like pictures, you can send per wetransfer. There you can upload files and get a link that you can share. After a week, the data will be deleted, so the data corpses do not constantly consume power.

Less is more. You don't have to post hearts and smileys all the time. Lunch does not necessarily have to be shared on Instagram, WhatsApp and then on Facebook.

Also It's important to delete old data that you no longer need.

You can also save electricity if you use search engines

like ecosia.org or blackle, which are non-profit search engines that plant trees to offset power consumption, and they save power by making their web pages black. This way you also consume less electricity.

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Problems:

1. Pesticides: Cotton is the most widespread profitable non-food crop in the world. Approximately, half of all textiles are made of cotton. There is an enormous amount use of pesticides, because the cotton plant is particularly susceptible to pests, especially if it grows in monocultures. No other agriculture product uses as many plant toxins as cotton. It also makes many farmers sick and it’s treated with poisons up to 30 times in one season.

2. Massive amount of water: There is also a massive amount of water that is used to produce clothes with cotton. The water requirement for a t-shirt fluctuates between 2000 liters with drip irrigation and 20,000 liters with flood irrigation. As comparison, around 130 liters of water are used per person every day.

Solutions:

1. Organic Cotton: Organic cotton needs less water and genetically modified varieties and synthetic pesticides are prohibited in organic farming. Most of the organic cotton fields are cultivated by small farmers and are often only fed by the monsoon rain. In addition, organic cotton produces seeds from which new plants can grow.

2. Your own buying behavior: You can do something too. For example, questioning your own buying behavior and ask yourself if you really need these things right now. Spend or up-/recycle your clothes. 40 percent of the respondents sort out their clothes regularly. A third simply want to create space for new clothes in the closet.

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https://www.quarks.de/umwelt/kleidung-so-macht-sie-unsere-umwelt-kaputt/

https://www.worldwildlife.org/industries/cotton

https://utopia.de/ratgeber/bio-baumwolle-wissenswertes/

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As this statistic shows, the Industrie is responsible for 21% of the global greenhouse gases in total. So it is a problem we have to take care of.

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A t-shirt for 5£, a coat for 15£, a pair of shoes for 18£ - during the past years clothes have become more and more cheaper due to the fast fashion system.

According to Cambridge Dictionary, fast fashion refers „clothes that are made and sold cheaply, so that people can buy new clothes often“.

This may sound like a profitable design-, produce- and marketing-method but this technique causes several problems: heavy consumption, poor working conditions, pollution and high CO2 emissions.

https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/amerika/muellhalde-atacama-wueste-101.html

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Die Atacama-Wüste in Chile ist vor allem bekannt, weil sich dort das Riesenteleskop ALMA befindet. Doch inzwischen kennen viele den Ort auch aus einem anderen Grund. Hier gibt es riesige Berge mit entsorgter Kleidung.

Es sind Dinge, die hier nicht hingehören: Zwischen den kargen Dünen der Atacama-Wüste türmen sich T-Shirts und Bermudas in allen Farben, sogar Weihnachts-Outfits und Schneestiefel sind darunter.

Sofia, eine venezolanische Migrantin, zieht eine Jacke aus dem Textilberg: "Ich bin mit meinen beiden Kindern und einem sehr großen Koffer gekommen, aber ich musste auf dem Weg durch Südamerika alles wegwerfen. Ich habe sogar die Decke verloren. Die Kälte nachts frisst uns auf, vor allem die Kinder, es ist schwer auszuhalten."

59.000 Tonnen Kleidung pro Jahr

Die Kleidung, in der Sofia wühlt, ist Abfall. Chile ist seit langem eine Drehscheibe für gebrauchte und unverkaufte Textilien aus der ganzen Welt. In der Freihandelszone des Hafens von Iquique landen laut Recherchen der Nachrichtenagentur AFP jedes Jahr rund 59.000 Tonnen Kleidung. Was nicht in die Hauptstadt Santiago oder in Nachbarländer Südamerikas weiterverkauft wird, landet in der Wüste.

Chiles einzigartiger Desierto de Atacama wird zur Abfallhalde für Fast Fashion. Moyra Rojas, Regionalsekretärin des Umweltministeriums sagt: "Kein Zweifel, diese Mülldeponien und Textilabfälle sind ein großes Problem für die Umwelt. Sie verursachen oft Brände, das verschmutzt die Luft. Und das betrifft das auch die Anwohner, denn die Deponien befinden sich ganz in der Nähe von besiedelten Gebieten."

So giftig wie Reifen

Die Textilien sind so giftig wie Plastik oder Reifen. Sie enthalten viele Schadstoffe, beispielsweise durch das Färben, Bleichen oder Bedrucken. Laut einer aktuellen Studie von Greenpeace setzt die Textilindustrie mehr als 70 gesundheits- und umweltgefährdende Chemikalien ein. Das enthaltene Polyester braucht bis zu 200 Jahre, um sich abzubauen, und selbst dann bleiben sogenannte Mikroplastik-Artikel übrig.

Recycling-Firmen - isolierte Initiativen

Auf den normalen Deponien wird diese Art von Sondermüll gar nicht angenommen, sagt Franklin Zepeda. Er hat ein Unternehmen gegründet, das die ausrangierte Kleidung weiterverarbeitet. "Die Textilabfälle entstehen durch den Import der gebrauchten Kleidung. In der Freihandelszone wird sortiert nach hochwertigen und sekundären Kleidungsstücken und Abfall. Das ging früher alles in die Wüste, wir verwenden es jetzt als Rohstoff für unsere Wärmedämmplatten."

Auch die Gründerin des Unternehmens Ecocitex, Rosario Hevia aus Santiago, recycelt die verwitterten Textilien und stellt daraus Garn her. Doch es bleiben isolierte Initiativen im Kampf gegen ein weltweites Problem: die Überproduktion der Textilindustrie. Zwischen 2000 und 2014 habe sich die weltweite Textilproduktion verdoppelt, das geht aus einem UN-Bericht von 2019 hervor. Mittlerweile ist die Branche für rund 20 Prozent des Wasserverbrauchs weltweit verantwortlich.

"Weniger Unnötiges konsumieren"

"Viele Leute kritisieren uns und sagen: Warum verlangt ihr Geld fürs Recycling? Die Antwort ist: Wir müssen den Leuten klar machen, dass Textilabfälle Kosten verursachen und die Umwelt verschmutzen. Was man dagegen tun kann: Weniger Unnötiges konsumieren und Dinge länger tragen. Aber wir sehen ja: Kaum wurde irgendwo ein Lockdown aufgehoben, standen die Menschen Schlangen vor den Filialen von Zara, H&M und anderen Läden, die auf Fast Fashion ausgerichtet sind", sagt Rosario Hevia.

Umweltschutzorganisationen wie Greenpeace fordern mehr Druck auf die Textilbranche: "Es müsste die Pflicht zum fachgerechten Recycling bestehen. Die Menschen müssen umdenken", sagt Unternehmerin Hevia, und ihr eigenes Konsumverhalten hinterfragen.

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Atacama-Wüste in Chile: Müllhalde für Fast-Fashion

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Die Atacama-Wüste in Chile ist vor allem bekannt, weil sich dort das Riesenteleskop ALMA befindet. Doch inzwischen kennen viele den Ort auch aus einem anderen Grund. Hier gibt es riesige Berge mit entsorgter Kleidung. Von Anne Herrberg.

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Solution 1: sustainable cultivation option 

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Solution 1: sustainable cultivation option 

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On the 8th September 2004 the WWF founded the Roundtable on sustainable palm oil. The company is going to find a way of sustainable cultivation option to save the environment. Members of the company are environment protection associations and plantations operators but also industrial customers. Also the EU commission has presented a law that will stop the use of palm oil until 2030 and the EU and Germany have been trying to drive environmentally friendly since 2000.

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The first solution that the cement industry wants to realize until 2050 is the less use of fossil fuels. For that they want to replace 70% of the materials that are burned with garbage like sewage sludge (Klärschlamm), municipal waste, used tires or used oil. The other 30% should be replaced with hydrogen and microwave heating as an energy source. The only problem is that the replaced materials emit nevertheless CO2 and with the used materials you can only solve a third of the whole problem with the cement. Because the real problem is in the chemical reaction. So the cement itself is the big problem.

The resulting solution is to replace the cement itself in the concrete. And actually there is a possibility to replace 95% of the cement, by using slag sand or flying sand. The problem here is that the cement industry is that big, that we do not have enough of these materials. So there can be a part replaced but not 95%.

So now I'll show a few things you can do as a consumer, because there aren’t enough solutions from the industry. Basically you have 4 opportunities: the use of alternative building material, an efficient building, a minimalistic building and the reuse of old buildings. Overall it is just important that you think about your building and think about: What materials are in it? Do I need an extra wall? Do I need a big house or is something like a tiny house an opportunity for me? Do I need to tear the old building down before I build on it or can I reuse it?

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Solution 1
So what you can do about it is not much but simple. A technical device is in our time is a everyday use, and most of these devices have a battery build in. So possibilities to do something are that you buy a already used device on eBay or Swappie. Another thing is that you look after your battery, how you can do this is linked below.

Solution 2
So what you can do about the problem Electric cars is to look for alternatives and climate friendlier cars. Hydrogen cars for example are getting developed and don’t have a big battery build in.

https://swappie.com/de/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=10195771429&utm_term=swappie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuejzt-m19AIVeRoGAB1qZwjmEAAYASAAEgIz0PD_BwE
https://www.ebay-kleinanzeigen.de/
https://youtu.be/qfKWo753JjE

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Swappie | Wiederaufbereitete iPhones zu einem attraktiven Preis mit 36 Monaten Garantie

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Kaufe ein vollständig neu aufgearbeitetes iPhone zu einem attraktiven Preis - Swappie bietet generalüberholte und günstige iPhones mit 36 Monaten kostenloser Swappie-Garantie.

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Every fish product wich is  bought, that contains fish from ocean regions, financially supports Companies wich willingly accepts the following problems that threaten eco systems. Cetacean bycatch ( the incidental capture of non-target cetacean species such as dolphins, porpoises, and whales by fisheries), the destruction of coral reeves and  the further pollution of the oceans thru noise- and water- pollution, are just some of the Problems resolving from Industrial Fishing. Additional the over Fishing of certain marine species threatens to extinct  those and many more species and would change the marine eco- systems of the world oceans dramatically.

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Solution 1:

The Problem of capitalistic Companies lies within our political/social System, because the company’s will never go with a more attentive  approach to nature and emissions if our System still requires endless growth for our  industry to work. Therefor, to save our environment from getting destroyed and stop our unsustainable approach to economy we first need to change our political system. This can be done by firstly getting politicians to restrict company’s and secondly voting for (left) political parties planning to revise our System as a whole and renewing it from the ground up, so that our industry can also go with a more sustainable approach and does not need infinite growth, as our current, capitalistic, system does.

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Per year we eat 10 kilograms Beef,
but we don’t care about were it comes from and how harmful it is for the climb change.
One of the biggest problems is the enormous high feed and water consumption. One cattle needs 50 kilograms feed and 80 liter water a day and only in Germany we have about 11,2 million cattle . Would we use the feed for other things, no one would have to starve anymore.

Another more climate related problem is the clearance of rainforest in Brasil. About 450.00 square kilometer were burned down just for cattle breeding . One hectare forest can store 6 tons of carbon dioxide which means that 270,000,000 tons of Carbon dioxide can’t be storage anymore just because of cattle breeding. Additionally one cattle produces 300 liter methane each day. The problem is that the methane is 18 times more harmful than carbon dioxide. Methan provides a rising temperature on our planet which leads to a rising see level and more and more droughts.

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These problems have a huge impact on the climate change that affects us all, but what are the solutions to all the meat consumption and the resulting problems?

The main solution is that we can eat less meat, which would solve many problems in the first place, because we could reduce the cultivation of the staple food soy, because in a year up to 4.5 million tons of soy are fed to cattle, and it would also mean that we would need less space.In addition, we can stop the import of continental ships which also have a bad side effect on our climate, because about 80-90% of the feed is imported from South Africa.

Another solution would be to support more the organic farming in your region and buy your meat from there. Because there is homegrown feed fed. This also means that the import of the feed would be omitted which is more environmentally friendly.

So you see, you can stop climate change with small things even if you don't want to give up meat consumption.

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The market does not solve anything!

That's because people who don't participate in our market (willingly or unwillingly) have no Livelihood in our economic system.

An example: We have 685 million malnourished People, those people are not part of our free market, because they don't have the opportunity. Those people are starving and cannot raise the energy to work, thus they don't earn money. If one does not earn money, they cannot buy food to live, and so vital things are not available for them.

Inefficiency or monopoly dictatorship

In the capitalist market economy, everyone fights against everyone else. In addition to the need to increase efficiency (in order to be better than the competition), this also leads to a great deal of inefficiency. In many places research is done on the same products and the information is kept as secret as possible. A lot of things that could be regulated more efficiently through cooperation cannot be used. The capitalists also know this: So one buys up the other to build up bigger and bigger companies (and thus to be able to increase the "efficiency"). After a short time, monopoly corporations emerge from this concentration process. There there is less competition but all the much bigger disadvantages of a monopoly dictatorship.

So there are only two unattractive opposites to choose from: Inefficiency through competition or monopoly dictatorship. For the abolition of these opposites in the "free cooperation of free individuals" the overcoming of the system is necessary.

Destruction in order to rebuild and the creation of scarcity

Mr. Biedermann, the owner of a store is annoyed by his son who broke a pane of glass while playing. But the passers-by are of the opinion that this is not so bad, because how else could the glaziers survive, if a pane would never be broken. One should be grateful to the boy, they say, because he has stimulated the economy by doing so.

Bastiat, in his book "What You See and What You Don't See," strives to clear up this mystery. He argues that what is overlooked here is that the person who has to pay for the broken window can no longer spend this money on other things (e.g. a new suit). Thus Basitat thinks to have solved the riddle. Breaking glass is not an economically viable activity.

But what Bastiat fails to tell us, and what even today economic liberals don't necessarily make a big deal about, is this: If broken windows are not necessarily good for the economy, they are not bad either. In one case the glazier makes a business and in the other case the tailor and if the glazier and the tailor both exploit their employees then they also make profit with the thing. In the economic characteristics (gross national product) there is also no difference. Whether the economy of a country deals with repairing many broken windows or whether the people wear better clothes, have better schools and hospitals makes no difference from the point of view of these numbers. Profit can be made with both things. In the one case, the people at least get something out of it, in the other case they do not.

From the point of view of entrepreneurs, of course, the broken windows have an advantage: while the need for new suits is naturally limited, the need for new windows, provided the old ones are only broken quickly enough, can be increased practically at will. War and destruction, as already stated in the Manifesto, are a proven means for capitalism to keep the system running despite overproduction.

It was clear to everyone that the war in Iraq would not necessarily contribute much to peace. But the weapons industry cannot earn money from peace. The destruction of the environment threatens the existence of many people, but it also offers massive potential for new profits. The same is true for the destruction of the environment: Some earn money from the destruction of the environment, others earn money from its consequences [3].

Advertising also falls into this category. If goods are available in sufficient mass, they cannot be sold. So new demand must be created. Artificial dissatisfaction must be created in the form of new needs.

Artificial scarcity (via laws and technical measures - "copy protection") is also created with so-called "intellectual property rights".

In general it can be said: That capitalism, which is said by its supporters to be so "reasonable" in dealing with scarce resources, can earn money only with scarce resources and therefore causes the scarcity of these resources in most cases just in the first place! Capitalism promises to solve problems which we would not have without it in the first place.

# data[].attributes.body
Capitalism is the current dominating mode of production in the world. Capitalism allows for private ownership of the means of production (private productive property such as factories and other workplaces). Capitalism allows for anyone (with sufficient capital) to create a business and produce anything they want, without obligation to do any actual work, and without any kind of duty or obligation toward the rest of society.

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the

distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

Capital:

Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organisation or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing.

Means of production:

The means of producing goods and generating capital (e.g. machinery, factories, and other workplaces).