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Motive 2: Social & Scientific Philosophy

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Motive 2: Social & Scientific Philosophy

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Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. His most famous accomplishment is his contributions to the science of evolution. He wrote the book On the Origin of Species.

Social Darwinism is the theory that people are subject to the same theories of natural selection (evolution) as plants and animals are.

Thomas Malthus was a philosopher and economist known for his theory, the Malthusian growth model. This theory was used to help project population growth. It stated that food production wouldn't be able to keep up with the growth in population causing famine and wars.

Darwin used Malthus' economic theory to support evolution.

Herbert Spencer was a man famous for his pioneering in social Darwinism. He was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, as well as a sociologist. He originated the phrase "survival of the fittest" after reading Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species."

Spencer applied evolution to economics, race, and people.

Eugenics was a "new science" wanting to improve the human race by selectively sterilizing or killing off people who are mentally disabled or they are of color.

Social Darwinism pushed forward the movement of Eugenics.

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The Industrial Revolution changed technology in Europe and the US. It also provided the industrialized nations with stable economies. Because of the new inventions, and capital from the industrialization period, great powers were able to imperialize.

Exceptionalism is the idea that one country is more unique or exceptional than others. Every country wants to be better than the other countries around it which influenced imperialism.

Nationalism is the identification with ones own nation and support for its interest.

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A propaganda poem written by Rudyard Kipling to express how white boys have to grow up and become a man. It is their job to take on the responsibilities of imperialism.

Kipling writes about how the men need to look out for the "sullen people and half-devil, half-child", which was describing indigenous people/natives.

Overall, the poem expressed how the white man saw indigenous people as inhuman as well as a danger to society.

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Imperialism is a direct response to economic competition because the government and capitalists wanted to at the very least maintain their economies.

The government wants to maintain the economy and collect money (also known as capital) because the government cannot survive without money.

The capitalists want to expand their businesses all over the world (for resources and a larger workforce), so they pressured the government to imperialize.

Imperialism is an economic strategy to contain international threats (this is known as a policy of containment) Developed nations wanted to expand their geographic, political, and economic empires as far as they could so that no other empire could threaten their power.

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Qing Dynasty (China) - "external disaster and internal rebellion"

Qajar Dynasty (Iran) - lost territory to Russia, political instability.

Mughal Empire (India) - throne lost revenue and authority, political feuds.

Because these empires fell, European powers were able to imperialize in the Middle and Far East. Before the Industrial Revolution, European nations weren't strong enough to take on these big empires. Now that Europe is stronger and these empires are weaker -- it opens up a doorway to the East.

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Motive 4: Political Aims Around the World 

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Motive 4: Political Aims Around the World 

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Africa (Max & Piper) Europe saw a larger workforce, large landholdings, and natural resources in Africa to help boost its economy. That started the Scramble for Africa. This would also open new trade routes to inflate the economy.

The Berlin Conference (Thomas & Remmi)
The berlin conference was the beggining of the scramble for Africa, and was the 20 year period of conquering new land, and growing empires in Africa. The berlin conference was mainly started by king leopold of belgium who was the first leader to go to africa to gain economic and political power.

China (Georgia & Aine)
Europe realized how valuable China's products were; there was high demand for silk, tea, spices, and porcelain. The products were paid for with the barter system. The Barter System was when the British illegally exchanged Indian Opium for Chinese products. This caused an increase in addiction and social instability. The Opium Wars then began when the Emperor ordered illegal trade to come to a halt. This also weakened the Qing Dynasty.

India (Morgan & Cooper)
India was ruled by the British for many years. The east India company had focused more on producing cotton than food, causing an unstable economy allowing for the British to roll in and become of power. As we said before India was mainly used  for food and cotton.

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Modernization in underdeveloped countries.

Exploitation and Cultural Destruction occurred as a result of imperialist ambitions seeping into literature, culture, education, and the economy. Rich and diverse cultures were subjugated, and certain crops were exploited in the name of economic prosperity.

The foundations of World War I is directly influenced by imperialism.

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How does persuasive language (rhetoric) rationalize imperialism?

"The Great Game" (Zach)

"The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire" (Olivia)
"The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire" is showing that the British Empire is so wide spread, which leads people to believe they are stronger than the rest. This persuades people into being intimidated by the British Empire and thinking the British Empire is better.

"The Jewel in the Crown" (Chris)  This makes Britain look like they are the best. Calling India a Jewel in The Crown is basically saying We are the crown and this is one of our jewels.

"Scramble for Africa" (Megan & Mia)

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Boxer Rebellion (Kaitlin)
The Boxer Rebellion was an armed and violent xenophobic, anti christian, and anti imperialist insurrection in China. It originally aimed to destroy the Qing dynasty and the Western people who had privileges in China.

Sepoy Mutiny (Luke)
Maji Maji Revolts (Jack)
The Maji Maji Reevolt occurred in the year 1905 to 1907 in what was known at the time as German East Africa. The revolt happened as a result of the German colonialists forcing the Africans in German East Africa to grow cotton for export.